• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.124-145
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• 1993

General practitioners, internists, pediatricians, and family physicians are classified as so-called primary care physicians in the United States. We carried out this study for the purpose of answering the following question; "Who are the primary care physicians in Korea\ulcorner" We analyzed the 663, 154 claims which were drawn from the health insurance processing file made during the period of one month, April 1992 on the basis of systemic random sampling technique. The 663, 154 cases were matched with the doctor's file registered at the National Federation Medical Insurance by using the indivisual physician code number and analyzed according to the kind of specialty. If we follow the Geyman's definition of primary care physician in the United States, this study shows that they can take care of 43.2% of the total private clinic's claims in Korea. Provided that general practitioners and family physicians are considered the same way as in the United Kingdom, they could with only 8.3% of the total claims in Korea. The most frequent diseases are those which rank first to 46th in the total private clinic's claims. The proportion of the most frequent diseases was highest for pediatricians(90.4%) and followed by internists(81.4%), otolaryngologists(78.7%) and family physicians(76.5%). The proportion of the most frequent diseases in the most common 46 diseases was highest for radiologists(80.4%) and the next was as follows : general practitioners(78.3%), family physicians(67.4%), and internists(67.4%). We classified the most common 20 diseases of each specialty into 17 categories of ICD-9 and compared it with those of general practitioners. The specialists who had managed a similar disease pattern to those of general practitioners were identified as anesthesiologists, family physicians, general surgeons, and internists. Some specialists practicing at private clinics managed the diseases which were not quite appropriate for their specialties. After we evaluated each specialty by the most common diseases, the most frequent diseases, and the most frequent 20 diseases of each specialty in terms of the 17 categories of ICD-9, a tentative assumption is made that the primary physicians in the Republic of Korea are general practitioners, anesthesiologists, family physicians, internists, and general surgeons. This study has concluded that the categories of the primary care physicians are so diverse that their roles and distributions are distorted accordingly. Vigorous health policy efforts in correcting the malcomposition need to be made for the better provision of primary health care in Korea. in Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.467-479
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• 1999

The mortality and morbidity caused by injury and poisoning has been major public health problem in Korea. This study was carried out to get information indispensable in developing prevention srategies peculiar to korean rural area. In this study 1.499 people of 496 households. who are living in five rural villages of Chooncheon City. Kang-Won Province. were interviewed in accordance with structured questionaire in 1996. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The age-standardized annual incidence rates of injury and poisoning per 100 persons surveyed were 4.2 in males and 1.9 in females. The difference between sex was statistically significant. 2. The places where most of injuries and poisonings occurred were road 66.7% among males. road 31.6% among females. 3. The occurrence of the injuries and poisonings were clustered in intensive farming season in both males and females. 4. The laceration and stab wound were the most frequent nature of injuries in males and the fracture was the most frequent nature of injuries in females. The fracture. sprain were more frequent among males but sprain and contusion were more frequent among females. 5. Incidence rates of injuries and poisoning by cause were higher in traffic accidents among males. though falls among females. The cause specific incidence rate by age was high in traffic accident for 30-59 year age group. and for the aged people older than 60 years. 6. In the management pattern, 78.8% of the injuries and poisoning were received medical care in hospitals and clinics, and the duration of the treatment over 4 weeks in 37.0%. The results obtained indicate that organized community effort is urgently required to prevent injuries and poisonings in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to classify, from collected home health care records data, nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA system and nursing interventions according to the NIC system, and to link nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. For this study, 101 home health care records of clients seen between September, 1994 and November, 1996 at Yonsei Medical Center, Seoul, were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were ‘Risk for infection’ and ‘Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements’, then ‘Impaired skin intergrity’ and ‘Ineffective airway clearance’ in the Exchange pattern of NANDA nine human response patterns. 2. The most frequent nursing interventions were the interventions in the Physiological : Complex domain, there were 690(50.7%) interventions among a total 1347 interventions. This results corresponds to Yom, Young Hee(1995)’s research, both Korean and U.S. nurses used the interventions in the Physiological : Complex do main most often on a daily basis. And respiratory nursing interventions were most frequent because 32.7% of the subjects were respiratory patients. 3. The next step was to link the nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. The most frequent nursing diagnosis was ‘Risk for infection’ and 19 interventions for ‘Risk for infection’ were used 267 times. Then 14 interventions for ‘Impaired skin integrity’ were used 258 times, 12 interventions for ‘Ineffrective airway clearance’ were used 193 times, 12 interventions for ‘Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements’ were used 122 times, 10 interventions for ‘Activity intolerance’ were used 75 times, and 11 interventions for ‘Knowledge deficit’ were used 52 times. 4. The use of standardized classification in the areas of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions facilitates clinical decision making and prompt nursing activity, and so enhances the effectiveness of nursing care.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-166
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to establish the basic materials necessary for red carpet fashion design by examining the formativeness and fashion images of red carpet dresses at film festivals in the Great China Region. For the purpose of this study, research methods include a literature review on the origin and significance of red carpet dresses, the characteristics of film festivals in the Great China Region and their red carpet dresses as well as an analysis of the formative features and images of 615 red carpet dresses collected from each film festival official homepage, diverse media articles, and online search sites (www.google.com, www.hao123.com). The research finding can be summarized as follows: First, the formative features of red carpet dress designs were analyzed herein. It was found that the most frequently appearing type of silhouette was straight followed by hourglass and bulk in order. More specifically these included fit and flare, mermaid, trapeze, and slim in order. For the neckline styles, strapless was the most frequently seen followed by camisole, jewel, and one shoulder. Solid colors were more often seen than multiple colors. Bk, W, R, and YR were the most frequent main solid colors in order. Solid materials were frequent as well, such as soft and shiny materials. Non-patterned and unadorned styles were most frequent as for pattern types and details and trimmings. Second, the fashion images of red carpet dresses in the Great China Region were analyzed. The most frequent images were elegant, feminine, ethnic, modern, classic, avant-garde, others, mannish and sportive, in order.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

The converge of location-aware devices, GIS functionalities and the increasing accuracy and availability of positioning technologies pave the way to a range of new types of location-based services. The field of spatiotemporal data mining where relationships are defined by spatial and temporal aspect of data is encountering big challenges since the increased search space of knowledge. Therefore, we aim to propose algorithms for mining spatiotemporal patterns in mobile environment in this paper. Moving patterns are generated utilizing two algorithms called All_MOP and Max_MOP. The first one mines all frequent patterns and the other discovers only maximal frequent patterns. Our proposed approach is able to reduce consuming time through comparison with DFS_MINE algorithm. In addition, our approach is applicable to location-based services such as tourist service, traffic service, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.205-221
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• 1996

This study is designed to contribute to the intervention of adolescent domestic violence by understanding the experience of the victims, better. The data were collected through a series of interviews with 3 subjects singled out at each stage of research. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interviews lasted from two and a half to 8 hours. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin (1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the adaptation of "Jitnulim" or "Being suppressed". The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'roughness', 'wildness', 'driving', 'challenging', 'being strapped', 'being pressed', 'erupting', 'being horrified', 'being hardened', 'being connected', 'being seen', 'being helpful', being led', 'sprouting', 'being off', 'being cast out', 'shaking off', 'getting out', 'covering-up', 'waiting', 'ruling', 'common placeness', 'overcoming', 'getting united', 'fa11ing behind', 'falling in', 'being mixed up', 'ruthlessness', 'estrangement', 'difficulty', 'being overwhelmed', 'feeling regreful', 'being pressed', 'hesitating', and 'shying off'. These categories were again grouped into 11 categories including 'threatening', 'straightjacketing', 'alliance', 'phenomenon', 'pattern of support', 'system of support', 'challenging', 'calming-down', 'being relieved', 'being hardened and entangled', 'being entangled'. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of the repetitive relation: 1) If the episodes of violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being stronger the victim's family relations are coherent and the subject's support pattern is highly mature. Concrete the responses to the straighjacketing resulted in a'calming-down' which gradually relieved. 2) If the episodes of violence were frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being strong the victim's family relations and incoherent and the subjects supporter is immature but strong the support type is superficial and the responses to the straightjacketing result in a bouncing-off which gets entangled with the passage of time. 3) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straighljacketing is strong, but the family relations are and the subject's support system is mature and strong the responses to the straightjacketing result in a calming-down which gets partly relieved but partly entangled. 4) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious with the resulting straightiacketing being strong, the victim's family relations are incoherent, the subject's support system is immature, and the support type is immature the responses to the straightjacketing result in a 'bouncing-off' which gets entangled and partly hardened with time.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.346-358
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find differences in dietary patterns through menu analysis by economic status. The data was obtained from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The main variables were economic status, sex, and area by urbanization. The economic status was classified into low, middle, high, and top classes using a poverty line based on the 1998 and 2001 minimum standard cost of living. The areas were divided into metropolis, small city, and rural areas. The dishes of 3 meals were classified into 29 categories by cooking method. The most frequent pattern was "rice + soup + kimchi". The frequency of this Korean basic dietary pattern was the lowest in the top income class and metropolis areas, while the highest in the low income class and rural areas. The frequency of Korean recommended dietary pattern, that is, "rice + soup or stew + kimchi + side dish" was the highest in the top income class. The metropolis group preferred side dishes using meat and a cooking method that saved time, but the rural group preferred side dishes using vegetables and cooking methods that take a longer time. In comparison of dietary pattern between male and female by economic status, the higher economic status, the male's dietary patterns showed more side dishes than those of female. But the main side dish was kimchi in male low class. Consequently, the major dietary pattern in Korea is rice-style, though the western pattern is increasing in the top income class, especially in metropolis areas. Therefore, to make a better dietary pattern, we should develop and spread low-priced recipes of various side dishes and teach financial skills such as ability to make a food budget for lower income classes. Also, we should emphasize the importance of the balance between meat and vegetables and traditional diet and western diet for the top income class, especially in the metropolis areas.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 1987

Multiply resistant Shigella strains isolated in Taegu area were subjected for the characterization of R plasmids. All strains isolated in 1984 and 1985 were susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, and cephalothin, and most strains were susceptible to kanamycin (Km) and rifampin by agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test. The resistance frequency of S. flexneri against ampicillin (Ap) was higher than that of S. sonnei. The strains resistant to sulfisomidine (Su) and trimethoprim (Tp) were found at higher frequency in S. sonnei than in S. flexneri. The most prevalent resistance pattern of S. flexneri was chloramphenicol (Cm) tetracycline (Tc) streptomycin (Sm) Ap, followed by the pattern of CmTcSmSuApTp, CmTcSmSuApTp nalidixic acid, and CmTcSmSuAp in the decreasing order. The antibiogram of CmTcSmSuTp was found to be the most frequent pattern in S. sonnei. The ratio of conjugal transfer of S. flexneri was 47% and 75% of S. sonnei. The average number of plasmid harboring in Shigella was 4 and the size of plasmid ranged 1.3 to 134 megadalton (Mdal). Most S. flexneri carried plasmids of 2 to 3 Mdal and S. sonnei carried those of 3 to 4 Mdal size. The sizes of conjugative plasmids ranged 40-90 Mdal. The incompatibility group (Inc) F II plasmids (54-59 Mdal) were most frequent and rare Inc B plasmids (60 Mdal) of isolates in 1979 and 1980 and Inc FI (87 Mdal) of 1983 isolates were able to be classified by the colony test with standard reference plasmids. The R plasmids of known Inc group were tested for the restriction endonuclease analysis. The pattern of plasmids digested by EcoRl were apparently different by the Inc group but there was no significant difference between species or by the resistance patterns. Nonconjugative plasmids and their phenotypes were identified by transformation test. The transformants were resistant to less than two drugs. Colicin producing transformants carried the Col plasmid of 3.7 or 3.9 Mdal size. $Ap^r$ plasmids derived from S. sonnei were found to be mobilized by transfer factor RT641 to E. coli #CS100. $Ap^r$ plasm ids of same size shared by S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and E. coli were digested with Pstl. All of them showed two restriction fragments of 2.8 kilobase(kb) and 0.7kb. Other plasmids ($Sm^r\;Su^r$) derived from S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei were digested with Pstl and they showed same restriction fragment patterns of 3.1kb and 2.9kb. The plasmid profiles of three strains of S. sonnei producing colicin and showing same resistance pattern of CmTcSmSuApTpKm appeared to be similar. Restriction patterns by EcoRl and the behavior of plasmids in conjugation or transformation process were also similar between those plasmids. The restriction patterns were significantly different between the plasmids of Inc FI group and those of unclassified Inc group.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

최근에 모바일 기기의 급속한 발전과 더불어 다양한 서비스들이 개발되고 있다. 그 중에서도 위치 기반 서비스는 사용자에게 위치와 관련된 유용한 정보를 제공하는 서비스를 말한다. 효과적인 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 먼저 위치정보를 나타내는 이동 객체 관련기술 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 이러한 연구의 핵심 기술로 현재 빈발한 이동 객체 탐사를 위한 마이닝 기법들에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 수평적 마이닝 기법에서 문제시되었던 많은 후보 이동 객체 발생을 줄이기 위해 새로운 수직적 마이닝 기법을 적용한 방법을 제안한다.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.798-814
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to compare menu patterns by sex and age (3-6, 7-12, 13-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65 over years old) between the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Surveys of Korea. Frequently consumed menu patterns were investigated using the 24-hour recall data for 19,809 subjects (1998:10,102; 2001:9,707). To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into 29 categories by cooking method (KHIDI 2003). The results are as follows: the most frequent menu patterns were "rice+soup+kimchi" and "rice+stew+kimchi" in both men and women in both 1998 and 2001. Intake frequency of these menu patterns, a traditional Korean menu pattern, was higher with increased age. Intake frequency of "noodles" and "bread" increased in 2001 in both men and women, compared to 1998. And these patterns increased in the younger age groups, especially women in their twenties. Menu patterns of 2001 showed greater variety than those of 1998. Overall, the men's menu patterns showed more side dishes than those of women; intake frequencies of "seasoned vegetables", "stir-fried foods", and "grilled foods" were higher in men than in women. In short, so far the main menu pattern has been "rice-style" in both men and women, and in all age groups in Korea, whereas the Western menu pattern is increasing in younger age groups. The diet of 2001 showed more side dishes than that of the 1998 menu pattern; however, certain groups such as female and males in adolescents and young adults were still a simple menu pattern. Consequently, to make recommended menu patterns and nutrition education programs for Koreans should take into consideration sex and age.