• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

The fast development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease is among the most critical steps taken to control this potentially fatal viral disease. Like other vaccines, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can also cause unwanted reactions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is among the oral mucocutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to comprehensively review the reported cases of EM since the global onset of COVID-19 vaccination. Data from 31 relevant studies regarding the type and dose of COVID-19 vaccines administered, time of initiation of symptoms, age, and gender of patients, site of involvement, patients' medical history, and treatment options were extracted. In total, 90 patients were identified with EM as a side effect of COVID-19 vaccination across studies. EM had the highest frequency after receiving the first dose of mRNA vaccines in older individuals. The first symptoms of EM appeared in less than 3 days in 45% and after 3 days in 55% of patients. EM is not a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, and fear of its occurrence should not impede vaccination.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.31 no.A
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

This paper is results of analyzing characteristics of landslides occurred in Wonju, Gangwondo, around July, 16 in 2006, caused by heavy rainfall and antecedent precipitation by two typhoons of Ewiniar and Bilis. The main causes of landslides were antecedent precipitation during July 8 to 15, resulting in weakening grounds by increasing the degree of saturation previously, and the heavy rainfall during July 15 to 16. Most of landslides in natural slopes were transitional failures occurred along the boundary between the residual weathered soil in shallow depth and the hard mother rock. From results of conclusive analyses regarding 28 sites in Wonju region where landslides occurred, the slope length of landslide, the slope width, and the slope area were less than 50m with 71% of frequency, 20m with 79% of frequency and $300m^2$ of 64% of frequency respectively. The average value of slope angle was $35^{\circ}$. The most probable direction of slope was found to be north because of topography and advancing direction of seasonal rain front.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

The relative frequency and distribution of occurrence of immunoreactive cells in the proventriculus, diverticulum, cardia, fundus and pylorus of the stomach of pigs were investigated by PAP method using specific antisera against BCG, Gas/CCK, 5-HT, somatostatin, glucagon, BPP, motilin and insulin. In the diverticulum and cardia, BCG-, 5-HT-, somatostatin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected. In the fundus, BCG-, 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were also found. In the pylorus, BCG-, Gas/CCK-, 5-HT-, somatostatin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were observed. However, no BPP-, motilin- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach epithelium of the pigs. These results showed that the occurrence of the endocrine cells confirmed in the diverticulum as the cardia and suggest that the function of diverticulum may be similar to that of cardia in the pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 1995

In order to apply to analysis methods of mechanism and cross tabulation methods for the influence factors by the accident types to the object of accidents which occurred in R.C and P.C methods among the accidents in construction work sites, the latent hazards in P.C method are evaluated from the data of accidents in H Company from Jan. 1, 1993 to Dec. 31, 1993. The relationship between accident types and unsafe acts, unsafe conditions are recognized and the hazards of R.C method and P.C method are compared from the data acquired by the analysis of causes for a kind of occurrence mechanism. In conclusions, the items such as causes of accidents, accidents types, occurrence time, and the characteristics, are concentrated on one side in the P.C method, which is quite different from R.C method. Therefore the control method for the accident causes is easily established with a lot of effective advantages. The frequency and severity of accidents in P.C method are so low in comparison with R.C method.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

During the period of every summer to early autumn seasons, ships have been wrecked or grounded from effect of a typhoon in the water areas around Korean Peninsula Typhoon Rusa killed more than 100 people in September 2002. Super Typhoon Maemi passed southeast of South Korea in September 12-13, 2003, with a strong gale blowing at a record 60 m/s and caused much ship groundings, collisions and sinkings over 3000 in dockyards, harbors and places of refuge. These are things that could have been prevented had there merely been prior warning. This study outlines the occurrence characteristics of maritime accidents caused by a typhoon in South Korea for the period from 1962 to 2002. The distribution of the accident records is also compared with the trajectories, winds, central pressures of typhoons, passed during the 1990-2003. It is shown that attack frequency of typhoon and number of marine accidents is the highest in August and the marine accidents due to typhoon have a close relation to the distribution of accumulated wind and pressure fields.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.141-143
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of landslides at Clicap area, Indonesia , using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Landslide locations were identified from field surveys. The topographic and geological map were collected and constructed into a spatial database using GIS. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope, aspect and curvature of topography, were calculated from the topographic database and lihology and fault was extracted from the geological database. Then landslide susceptibility was analyzed using the landslide-occurrence factors by likelihood methods. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data. The GIS was used to analyze the vast amount of data efficiently . The results can be used to reduce associated hazards, and to plan land use and construction.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.15-19
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to provide some information on frequencies of occurrence for units of Korean phonemes and syllables analysing spontaneous speech spoken by 3 to 8-year-old Korean children. 49 Korean Children(7${\sim}$10 children for each age) were employed as subjects for this study. Speech data were recorded and phonemically transcribed. 120 utterances for each child were selected for analysis except one child whose data were only 91 utterances. The data size of the present study were 5,971 utterances, 5,1554 syllables, and 105491 phonemes. Among 19 consonants, /n/ showed highest frequency rate of these four conson ants were over 50% for all age groups. Among 18 vowels, /a/ was the most frequent one and /i/ and / ${\wedge}$ were the second and third respectively. The frequency rate of these four consonants were over 50% for all age groups. Frequently occurring syllable types were a part of grammatical word in most cases. Only 5${\sim}$6% of syllable types covered 50% of speech.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.16-19
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• 2010

In this study, the axial ODSCC occurrence of domestic OPR 1000 steam generator tube was caused by the tube weakness and the sludge accumulation in the secondary side of steam generator. Inconel 600 HTMA used as tube material is related to most of tube leakage accidents in the world and also these ODSCCs were detected mainly at the 5th TSP(Tube Support Plate) to the 8th TSP of hot leg side. These elevations(5th TSP to 8th TSP) pave the way for the sludge accumulation. As a result of EC(Eddy Current) Bobbin and RPC data analysis, ODSCCs were occurred at contact points of tube and tube support plate. The more accumulated sludge, the higher occurrence frequency of ODSCC.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

Defects are the risk factors in the construction process of buildings. They cause damage, delaying the construction duration. They especially cause adverse effects on the top-down construction method. This study analyzed the degree of construction delay induced by each work type, focusing on defects in the top-down method. Then, we derived construction delay induction coefficient from different work types in order by using the severity of construction delay per defect and the occurrence probability of defect; this assessment model measures the impact of defects on construction delay for each work type. Furthermore, by comparing each work type based on the defect frequency and the construction delay induction coefficient, we found work types that need to be administered attentively. We identified that plastering work was easy to overlook, requiring caution in defect management. This study provides an efficient defect management system suitable for the buildings that are built using the top-down construction method.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.147-161
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• 2008

The present study compared characteristics of Korean nominal particles (occurrence, error, error patterns) of ten 5- to 6-year-old Korean-English simultaneous bilingual children with ten Korean monolingual children. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman Rank Correlation and by qualitative analysis. Results were (1) bilingual children showed significantly lower frequency based on the number of occurrence of nominal particles per utterance. (2) The error percentage of adverbial markers was significantly higher for bilingual children. (3) Error patterns of bilingual children showed a higher percentage of in-case substitution and double use error. These findings suggest that Korean-English simultaneous bilingual children have a different Korean nominal particles development from Korean monolingual children.