• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2005

목 적 : 1993년부터 2003년까지 발생한 마이코플라즈마 폐렴의 역학적 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1993-2003년, 11년 동안 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 소아과에 입원한 마이코플라즈마 폐렴 환아 559명을 대상으로 입원기록지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 성별, 연령별, 연도별, 및 월별 발생에 대해 분석하였으며, 1994년과 2003년의 자료를 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 연간 평균 환아 수는 51명이었으며, 1993-94년, 1997년, 2001년 및 2003년에 많은 환아가 발생하였다. 계절별 발생에서 가을(9-11월)에 233명(41.7%)으로 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 겨울 26.7%, 여름 19.0%, 봄 12.7%을 보였다. 남녀비는 1.2 : 1, 연령은 5-6세를 정점으로 3-8세 사이에 68.2%의 환아가 발생하였다. 1994년과 2003년 비교에서 최고 발생 연령군이 5-6세에서 3-4세로, 2세 미만 발생 환아 비율이 1.1%에서 26%로 최근 유행에서 어린 소아의 이환이 많았다. 1994년에서는 1월을 중심으로한 가을-겨울철 유행을, 2003년에서는 9월을 중심으로 한 여름-가을철 유행을 보였다. 결 론 : 최근 10년간 마이코플라즈마 폐렴의 양상은 2-4년 유행 주기를 보였으며, 전국적인 유행과 일치하였다. 또한 서구에 비해 더 어린 연령의 소아가 감염되고, 최대 발병 연령이 근자에 가까울수록 더 어려지는 경향을 보였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to report the types and relative frequency of oral malignancies and precancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2014. Materials and Methods: Pathology reports were retrieved from the archives of Histopathology Department, King Fahd hospital in Jazan. Demographic data on tobacco habits, clinical presentation and histologic grading of oral precancer and cancer cases were transcribed from the files. Results: 303 (42.7%) oral pre-malignant and malignant cases were found out of 714 oral biopsy lesions. A pathology diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (85.1%) was most frequent, followed by premalignant lesions/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%), verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) and malignancy of other histological types (3%) such as ameloblastic carcinoma, salivary gland malignancy and sarcomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was predominant in females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patient age ranged from 22 to 100 years with a mean of $65{\pm}13.9$. Almost 44.6% of oral cancer had occurred after 65 years of age. Only 16.3% cases were reported in patients younger than 50 years, predominantly females. The majority of female patients had the habit of using shammah with a long duration of usage for more than 45 years. Buccoalveolar mucosa (52.3%) was the common site of involvement followed by tongue/floor of the mouth (47.7%) and clinically presented mostly as ulceration/swelling clinically. Moderately differentiated tumours (53.9%) were common followed by well differentiated (32.2%) and poorly differentiated tumours (5.8%). The prevalence of oral verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) was comparatively low with an equal distribution in both males and females. Both bucco-alveolar mucosa and tongue were predominantly affected. Oral precancer/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%) was common in females with a shammah habit. Bucco-alveolar mucosa was commonly involved and clinically presented mostly as white/red patches. Most cases were mild followed by moderate and severe dysplasia. Tumours of other histological types (3%) include 1 ameloblastic carcinoma, 3 malignant salivary gland tumours and 5 sarcomas. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that oral cancers reported in the pathology service to be a common occurrence. This study reconfirms previous reports of the high burden of oral cancer in this population This indicates that conventional preventive programs focused on oral cancer are in need of revision. In addition, further research into identifying new risk factors and molecular markers for oral cancer are needed for screening high risk individuals.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 1998

Even though appropriate immune response is necessary for the survival of the individual, excessive or insufficient immune Response might cause autoimmune or allergic disease. So the immune response must be controlled to the degree that is beneficial for the well being of the individual. This study was undertaken to know the effects of Gunleetang Gagambang on the immune system of the mouse. Gunleetang Gagambang has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Gunleetang Gagambang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene(MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S180 cells). Treatment of the Gunleetang Gagambang on water-extract(dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Gunleetang Gagambang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice(TBM). Gunleetang Gagambang on also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurrence-frequency and their size. and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Gunleetang Gagambang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Gunleetang Gagambang administration to mice enhanced NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Gunleetang Gagambang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Gunleetang Gagambang might be chiefly due to nonspecitie enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제18D권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2011

메모리 사용에 관련한 오류는 해당 프로그램뿐 아니라 시스템의 오작동을 유발할 수 있다. 특히 발생 빈도가 매우 낮은 일부 메모리 오류의 경우 제대로 된 동작 테스트를 할 수 없어, 오류에 대한 파악 및 수정이 힘들다. 이에 본 논문에서는 실행 프로그램을 역어셈블(Dis-Assemble)하여 만들어진 어셈블리어 코드를 구문 분석하여 명령어 전이도를 도출하고 이에 기반을 두어 메모리 사용 오류 가능성을 검출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 몇 가지 프로그램을 검사대상으로 선정하여 Local Memory Return Error, Null Pointer Access Error, Uninitialized Pointer Access Error를 검출하였으며 그 중 오픈 소스 프로젝트(Open Source Project)인 아파치 웹 서버와 PHP 스크립트 해석기에서도 메모리 사용 오류의 가능성이 있는 코드가 검출되었다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2007

Glucuronidation by the uridine diphosphateglucuronosy-ltransferase 1A enzymes (UGT1As) is a major pathway for elimination of particular drugs and endogenous substances, such as bilirubin. We examined the relation of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the UGT1A gene with their clinical factors. For association analysis, we genotyped the variants by direct sequencing analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 218 healthy Koreans. The frequency of UGT1A1 polymorphisms, -3279T>G, -3156G>A, -53 $(TA)_{6>7}$, 211G>A, and 686C>A, was 0.26, 0.12, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.01, respectively. The frequency of -118 $(T)_{9>10}$ of UGT1A9 was 0.62, which was significantly higher than that in Caucasians (0.39). Neither the -2152C>T nor the -275T>A polymorphism was observed in Koreans or other Asians in comparison with Caucasians. The -3156G>A and -53 $(TA)_{6>7}$ polymorphisms of UGT1A were significantly associated with platelet count and total bilirubin level (p=0.01, p=0.01, respectively). Additionally, total bilirubin level was positively correlated with occurrence of the UGT1A9-118 $(T)_{9>10}$ rare variant. Common haplotypes encompassing six UGT1A polymorphisms were significantly associated with total bilirubin level (p=0.01). Taken together, we suggest that determination of the UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 genotypes is clinically useful for predicting the efficacy and serious toxicities of particular drugs requiring glucuronidation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1516-1524
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• 2020

Climate change is expected to affect not only availability and quality of water, the valuable resource of human life on Earth, but also ultimately public health issue. A six-year monitoring (total 20 times) of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica, Legionella pneumophila, Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni, and Vibrio cholerae was conducted at five raw water sampling sites including two lakes, Hyundo region (Geum River) and two locations near Water Intake Plants of Han River (Guui region) and Nakdong River (Moolgeum region). A total 100 samples of 40 L water were tested. Most of the targeted bacteria were found in 77% of the samples and at least one of the target bacteria was detected (65%). Among all the detected bacteria, E. coli O157 were the most prevalent with a detection frequency of 22%, while S. sonnei was the least prevalent with a detection frequency of 2%. Nearly all the bacteria (except for S. sonnei) were present in samples from Lake Soyang, Lake Juam, and the Moolgeum region in Nakdong River, while C. jejuni was detected in those from the Guui region in Han River. During the six-year sampling period, individual targeted noxious bacteria in water samples exhibited seasonal patterns in their occurrence that were different from the indicator bacteria levels in the water samples. The fact that they were detected in the five Korea's representative water environments make it necessary to establish the chemical and biological analysis for noxious bacteria and sophisticated management systems in response to climate change.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2006

In order to understand the characteristics of surface ozone concentration and high $O_3$ concentration days, regional data from seven air quality monitoring stations which were operated by local governments were analyzed Regional characteristics of $O_3$ concentration were analyzed with the data of $O_3$ concentration and the characteristics of $O_3$ generation and weather conditions by the selection of the days in which the concentration was higher than 80 ppb. In the case of daily variation, the lowest $O_3$ concentration was shown in all regions from 7am to 8am and the highest around at 4 pm. The monthly variation of mean $O_3$ concentration and ${\Delta}O_3$ values revealed a reducing pattern in July and August following the peak in June, and again a gradual increasing trend in September and October. The result shows that the amount of ozone is dependent on photochemical reaction. The days of $O_3$ generated more than 80 ppb in the region of Gwangyang-bay were 544 days(1,760 hrs). The frequency of occurrence in the region revealed a strong pattern with the order of Samil-dong, Jinsang, and Gwangmu-dong stations in the Gwangyang region. However, Tein-dong, which is the nearest station to air pollution material generation source, showed the lowest frequency in the study area. Consequently, the meteorological parameters which can easily generate the high concentration of $O_3$ in the region of Gwangyang-bay are characterized as follows; atmospheric temperature which is higher than $19^{\circ}C$, relative humidity with the range of $60{\sim}85%$, the less average wind velocity than 5 m/s, cloud cover which is less than 5/10, and the more duration of sunshine than 8 hours.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

잡곡의 Fusarium 곰팡이독소의 오염 조사를 위해, 총 244개 잡곡시료(귀리, 수수, 율무, 기장)를 수확기 포장에서 2017년과 2018년에 수집하였다. 데옥시니발레놀(DON), 니발레놀(NIV), 제랄레논(ZEA)은 면역친화컬럼법과 UPLC를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 푸모니신(FUM)은 QuEChERS 방법과 LC-MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 잡곡 시료 중 귀리의 NIV 오염수준은 120.0-3277.0 mg/kg로 다른 잡곡에 비해 가장 높았다. 율무에서는 DON이 최대 730.0 ㎍/kg 검출되었다. 기장의 NIV과 ZEA의 오염빈도는 각각 61.5%와 57.9%로 높았으나 평균 오염량은 각각 75.6 ㎍/kg과 21.5 ㎍/kg로 안전한 수준이었다. 잡곡 시료 중 수수는 DON, ZEA, FUM의 오염빈도가 가장 높았으며, 2 종 이상의 Fusarium 독소 중복 오염률이 70.0%로 잡곡 평균 29.9%에 비해 높았다. 잡곡 재배포장에서 Fusarium 독소오염을 안전하게 관리하기 위하여 독소 발생 모니터링과 함께 오염예방기술 개발 연구가 수행되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2024

충북은 지역별 인구구성과 산업시설, 응급의료기관의 분포 등에 있어 다양한 지역적 특색을 가지고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 심장정지 환자의 발생 특성과 관련한 지역별 특성 요인을 분석한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문은 충북지역의 병원 전 발생하는 심장정지 환자의 특성과 119구급대 이송 현황을 분석하여 충청북도 지역 특성에 적합한 병원 전 심장정지 환자 대응체계를 구축하는데 기초자료를 제공하고 수행하였다. 본 논문은 충북지역 급성 심장정지 조사 원시자료(2020년)를 기초로 구급차로 이송된 심장정지 환자 1,188명을 분석한 후향적 연구이다. 충북 도내 응급의료기관은 총 11개소로 시 단위 지역에 편중되어 있어 군 단위 지역에서의 병원까지 환자 이송 시간이 지연되고 있었다. 군 단위 지역은 특별구급대의 출동 빈도가 상대적으로 적었으며, 심장정지 환자 소생에 도움이 되는 심장정지 약물 투여 빈도도 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 응급의료서비스의 접근성 향상(소외지역의 구급차랑 배치, 응급의료기관 적정 배치 등), 외상성 심장정지 환자에 대한 예방 홍보 및 구급대원의 응급처치 전문성 강화를 위한 업무 범위 확대 등의 노력이 필요하다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1924-1934
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• 2009

현대사회의 혼합화 현상과 니트웨어의 수요 증가에 따른 독특한 질감이 요구되어지고 있어 이에 따른 전략적인 방안들이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 세계 4대 컬렉션의 2000~2008년의 여성컬렉션의 횡편 니트 3~8게이지의 자료를 선정, 현대 니트패션에 나타난 혼합현상을 출현 빈도와 표현특성으로 분석하였다. 혼합현상은 상 하위문화의 혼합, 남 여 성의 혼합, 스타일의 혼합, 공간의 혼합, 타소재의 혼합, 기능의 혼합의 순으로 나타났으며, 2004년에 가장 높은 빈도수를 나타냈다. 혼합현상의 표현특성에서 가장 높은 빈도수를 나타낸 상 하위문화의 혼합은 고급스러운 소재, 고상한 무늬와 색상의 상 하위개념의 경계성의 모호와 남 여 성의 혼합은 기능성과 편리성의 추구와 양성성의 공유로 특성을 나타냈다. 스타일의 혼합은 니트패션의 전통적인 형태에서 정형과 비정형의 스타일의 혼합으로 특성을 나타냈고, 공간의 혼합은 니트의 역사가 깊은 북유럽의 전통적 니트문양이 현대적인 요소와 혼합된 특성을 나타내고 있었다. 타소재의 혼합은 장식적인 소재와 본래의 기능적인 용도를 초월하여 부분적으로 혼합되었고, 기능의 혼합은 두 가지 아이템의 용도로 활용 가능한 특성을 나타냈다. 이와 같이 현대 니트패션에 나타난 혼합 현상은 타영역의 혼합으로 상상력이 더해져 그 표현 가능성의 범위가 점차 확대되어 가고 있다.