• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2011

In the present study, a suitable drying method was developed for citrus press cakes (CPCs), which are produced as a by-product in citrus juice plants, and the protective effect of methanol extract of CPCs prepared by far-infrared radiation (FIR) drying against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage was evaluated versus that of freeze-dried CPCs. Methanol extract of FIR-dried CPCs exhibited comparatively good ROS scavenging activity versus the freeze-dried CPCs at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/mL. The extract strongly enhanced the cell viability against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in Vero cells. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of the extract from FIR-dried CPCs was comparable to that of the extract from freeze-dried CPCs. This sample also exhibited good protective effects against $H_2O_2$-mediated cell apoptosis as demonstrated by decreased apoptotic body formation in the nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342. In the comet assay, the CPC extracts exhibited strong inhibitory effects against $H_2O_2$-mediated DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study demonstrated that FIR drying effectively preserves CPC as a functionally important natural antioxidant source and the FIR drying can be adapted for drying CPCs and is more economical for massive production than freeze drying.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.274-274
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• 1998

Aclarubicin(ACL)-entrapped freeze dried liposomes were prepared using Microfludizer to attain a sustained release at targeted organs in a prolonged time so that it can reduce th e side effect and maximize the therapeutic effect. The freeze-dried liposomes were evaluated for pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180, cytotoxicity against L1210 and A549 tumor cells, spleen toxicity and myelosuppressive action. The AUC0->8hr values were 122+/-42, 382+/-140, 419+/-171, 835+/-206 and 443+/-309mcg min/ml for free ACL. ACL-liposome formulation I, II, III and IV, respectively. Cytotoidcity of ACL-entrapped liposomes against L1210 and A549 tumor cells was 2-4 times higher than that of free aclarubicin. ACL-liposome formulation I(PC/CHOL/TA) showed the most potent antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 in mice. The loss of body weight was much smaller with ACL-entrapped liposomes than free ACL after I.p. injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Compared to free ACL, ACL-entrapped liposomes expressed a lower and delayed spleen toxicity up to 5th day after I.v. administration. Myelosupperssion seemed to be lower with ACL-entrapped liposome of PC/PC-hydrate/CHOL/TA (formulation III) than free aclarubicin.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2012

오늘날 환경친화적인 생물농약을 개발하기 위한 미생물로는 Bacillus thuringiensis 이외에 Photorhabdus, Xenorhabdus 및 Serratia와 같은 곤충병원성 미생물과 Pseudomonas와 같은 식물유용 미생물에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 곤충병원성 미생물인 Photorhabdus temperata M1021 균주를 동결건조법을 이용하여 제제화 하였으며, 동결건조 시 세포보호를 위하여 skim milk, starch, sodium alginate, glucose와 sodium glutamate를 농도별로 첨가하여 동결 건조 후의 세포 생존율을 확인하였다. 그 결과 7% (w/v)의 skim milk가 첨가된 시료에서 가장 높은 63%의 생존율을 나타내었다. 제제화된 동결 건조균을 공기와 접촉시키면서 저온에서 생존율을 측정한 결과 4주 후에도 75% 이상의 생존율을 나타내었다. 또한 제제를 이용한 살충력 시험에서 꿀벌 부채명나방 유충에 대한 주사독성은 $2.0{\times}10^1$ cells/lavar 이상을 주사할 경우 4일 이내에 전체유충이 사멸하는 것으로 나타났으며, $2.0{\times}10^0$ cells/larva의 아주 낮은 농도에서도 50% 이상의 유충사멸 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 P. temperata M1021 균주의 동결건조 분말의 뛰어난 살충효과는 보다 현실적인 생물학적 제제로의 개발가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.654-658
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• 1999

패류 인공종묘생산시 양질의 먹이를 원활하게 공급하기 위하여 장기간 보관이 가능한 건조먹이를 생산하여, 굴 유생을 대상으로 이용 가능성을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 건조먹이의 생화학성분과 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과, 생화학성분 조성은 생먹이 및 농축먹이와 차이가 없었다. 지방산 조성은 건조먹이가 생먹이보다 PUFA DHA 및 EPA의 비율이 높았으며 (p<0.05) 특히 EPA는 생먹이보다 7.35배 높았다. 농축먹이에 건조먹이를 비율별로 혼합하여 굴 유생을 15일간 사육한 후 유생의 생존율과 지질 함량을 분석한 결과, 건조먹이를 $30\%$까지 혼합하여 사용하여도 생먹이만을 공급한 것보다 굴 유생의 생존율이 향상되었으며, 그중 건조먹이를 $10\%$ 혼합하여 사육하면 생먹이만으로 사육한 것보다 생존율이 2.1배 향상되었다(p<0.05) 15일째 굴 유생의 지질 함량은 건조먹이를 $10\%$ 혼합하여 사육한 경우 생먹이만을 공급한 것보다 약 1.6배 높았다. 따라서 패류의 종묘를 생산하지 않는 시기에 먹이생물을 배양하여 건조먹이 형태로 보관하여 두었다가, 농축먹이와 혼합하여 사용한다면, 보다 간편하게 먹이를 공급할 수도 있으며 아울러 유생의 생존율도 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Kimchi intake of Acanthopanacis cortex extract (APCE) supplementation on cytokine-induction and immune response in mice. To study in experiments using male Balb/c mice fed Kimchi and Kimchi of APCE supplementation (addition of 2% of total Kimchi weight) containing fed experimental diet during 2 weeks. Experimental mice were fed control diet or diet containing freeze-dried Kimchi at the level of 5%(w/w) or 5% freeze-dried Kimchi with 2% APCE supplementation. The main ingredient of Kimchi was Korean cabbage and fermentation was carried out at $4^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Freeze-dried 2% APCE supplementation was added to Kimchi at the begining of fermentation. In order to investigate the effect of Kimchi intake of APCE supplementation (5%Kimchi-2%APCE), the following was performed; body weight, food intake, hematological parameter, serum level of mouse interleukin-4 (mlL-4) and mouse interferon-$\gamma$ (mIFN-$\gamma$ ), and, the percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, B220+ in splenic cells. The results of final body weight, and food diet intake of two Kimchi groups were lower than those of the control group (not supplemented experimental diet). The hematology change obtained from the level of WBC (white blood cell) and platelet were not affected by feeding different dietary regiments, but the level of RBC (red blood cells) HB (hemoglobin), and spleen weight of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group. The serum level of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group, also enhanced the percentages of the CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ by 5% freeze-dried Kimchi, and 5%Kimchi-2%APCE group were 43.9 and 65.2%, and 96.0 and 208% than those of the control group, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that Kimchi itself has an immuno-stimulatory effect and Kimchi contaning 2% APCE supplementation has the more pronounced effect in vivo system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.91-109
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the resorption and tissue response of various resorbale membranes used for guided tissue regneration procedures, using a subcutaneous model on the dorsal surface of the rat. In this study, 12 Sprague-Dawley male rats(mean BW 150gm) were used and the commercially available materials included dense collagen membrane, freeze-dried bovine dura mater loos collagen membrane, PLA/PLGA membrane. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 8 weeks after implantation of various resorbable membranes. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Resorption : Loose collagen membrane group was resorbed most rapidly. Dense collagen membrane group and freeze-dried bovine dura mater group were rarely resorbed. 2. Inflammatory reactions : PLA/PLGA membrane group showed persistent and severe inflammatory reactions for 3 to 8 weeks. Moderate inflammatory reactions and the ectopic formation of calcified material were observed in dense collagen membrane group. Freeze-dried bovine dura mater group and loose collagen membrane group showed mild inflammatory reactions 3. In PLA/PLGA membrane group, multinucleated giant cells by foreign body reactions were observed. In conclusion, the resorption of freeze-dried bovine dura mater didn't happen for 3-6weeks, which showed the best bio-compatibility. Therefore, freeze-dried bovine dura mater was considered proper resorbable membrane for guided tissue regeneration.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1034-1042
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• 2017

저온 적응성 효모 SCY297의 종균 방법에 따른 생존율과 약주 제조시 양조 특성을 조사하였다. 동결건조, 송풍건조 및 액체 제형 방법으로 제조한 다음, 실온에서 장기 저장에 따른 효모의 생존율과 양조 특성을 비교하였다. 또한, 부형제로 skim milk, ${\alpha}$-lactose, trehalose를 5%씩 첨가하여 생존율과 양조특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 부형제가 첨가된 동결건조 및 액체 제형 SCY297 효모는 실온에서 15주까지 약 80% 이상의 생존율을 나타내었고, 송풍건조는 skim milk 첨가한 경우만 약 80% 이상 생존율을 나타내었다. 저장기간 및 제형화된 효모 SCY297로 약주를 발효하여 그 술덧을 분석한 결과, 동결건조 및 송풍건조된 SCY297는 무처리 SCY297보다 적정산도는 0.61, 아미노산도는 14.23 증가하였고, 알코올 함량은 5.07% 감소하였다. 액체 SCY297는 무처리 SCY297보다 pH 1.86, 아미노산도는 5.1 증가하였고, 알코올 함량은 2.9%로 감소량이 낮았다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 종래의 고상형 방법보다 액상형 방법을 통한 종균화 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the estrogen activity of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa extracts and their fractions. Powdered samples of freeze-dried silkworm pupa were extracted at room temperature (RT), $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, and $100^{\circ}C$ in water (D.W), chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol for 6h and then filtered (0.45 um). The extracts were then freeze-dried. The estrogenic activity of these extracts was then investigated by competition binding assays using estrogen receptor ${\alpha}\;(ER{\alpha})$ and $ER{\beta}$, and by evaluating their effects on the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Among the extracts evaluated, water extracts prepared at RT showed the highest binding affinity to $ER{\alpha}$ ($IC_{50}$, 1.76 ug/ml) and $ER{\beta}$ ($IC_{50}$, 0.07 ug/ml). In addition, MCF-7 cells that were treated with 62.5 ug/ml of the RT extract showed the greatest increase in proliferation (2-fold; 1291.79%) when compared to control cells (659.82%). Next, the water extract that was prepared at RT (sample 1) was dissolved in D.W. and further fractionated using a Dowex 50W - 8X ($H^+$) column. The flow-through and wash were then pooled together and freeze-dried (sample 2). The bound materials were then eluted with 20 mM NaCl, after which they were applied to a Dowex 1X2 - 200 ($Cl^-$) column and washed with D.W. to remove the sodium ions. The eluants were then freeze-dried (sample 3). Of these fractions, sample 2 showed the highest binding affinity to ER{\alpha} ($IC_{50}$, 1.44 ug/ml) and $ER{\beta}$ ($IC_{50}$, 1.18 ug/ml). In addition, MCF-7 cells that were treated with sample 2 (15.6 ug/ml) showed the largest increase in growth (1159.39%) when compared to control cells (525.26%). Taken together, these results suggest that the fraction of the RT water extract of silkworm pupa referred to as sample 2 may be useful as a phytoestrogen.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.156-165
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• 2024

Sprout products, such as broccoli, alfalfa, and cabbage, have positive health effects. Thus far, sprout foods have attracted attention owing to their good bioavailability. In particular, young broccoli sprouts exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. They contain 100 times more chemoprotective substances than adult broccoli. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of freeze-dried young sprout broccoli (FD-YB) in vitro using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The FD-YB powder antioxidant ability test showed that the radical-scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FD-YB was not cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells, and nitric oxide production decreased after the FD-YB treatment of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FD-YB significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-related proteins (Cyclooxygenase-2, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, and Prostaglandin E Synthase 2) and cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6). In conclusion, FD-YB can be a potential nutraceutical for preventing and regulating excessive immune responses during inflammation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2005

Here, we attempted to evaluate the activity of artificially transconjugated multiple plasmids in 'designer biocatalysts' for the bioremediation of cocontaminated sites under nonselective conditions. We observed profound losses in the percent survivals of artificially transconjugated plasmid activity ($66 - 78\%$ loss immediately after freeze-drying, $99.45 - 99.88\%$ loss by the end of 6 months storage) in reconstituted Pseudomonas sp. KM12TC. Such unpredictable high losses of this particular plasmid appeared to clearly be a deleterious effect. However, even after 6 months of storage, the cells remained able to degrade $95\%$ of phenol within 9 days, and the full effiux of$^%${73} As, as compared to that of the non-freeze-dried cells, was successfully achieved 4 to 9 days later. These results indicate that 'stable designer biocatalysts' can remain viable, even after freeze-drying and 6 months of storage.