• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 1999년도 The 6th International Symposium on the Development of Anti-Cancer Resource from Plants
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• pp.46-57
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• 1999

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is important medicinal plant but requires 4-year cultivation for root harvest because of slow growth. In contrast, ginseng callus and hairy roots grow vigorously and may Produce the same or more biologically active compounds for human health than natural ginseng roots. Therefore, ginseng callus and hairy roots can be used for commercial purposes. Polyacetylene, one of anti-cancer compounds in ginseng, was not detected in the callus cultured on the medium containing 2, 4-B, but cells derived from the callus growth was excellent, The ginseng calli cultured on the medium containing 2mg11 CPA and 0.05mg/1 BA was grown vigorously and produced panaxydol, one of ginseng polyacetylene. The biosynthesis of polyacetylene in callus was not affected by addition of NAA and sucrose in media. The SH medium was better than the MS medium for ginseng callus growth and biosynthesis of panaxydol. Another ginseng anti-cancer compounds, ginsenoside-Rg$_3$, Rh$_1$and Rh$_2$ were detected in ginseng hairy roots by heat treatment. Those of Panax ginseng were obtained after root disks of three-year old roots were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Rl000 $A_4$T in dark condition after one month of culture. The optimum growth of hairy roots was achieved in the culture of 1/2 MS liquid medium in dark(22$^{\circ}C$) under 60 rpm gyratory shaking. Hairy roots grew well in 5 ι Erlenmeyer flasks, 1ι roller drums, 10ι jar-fermenters, and especially in 20ι air-lift .culture vessels. All heat treatments had remarkably different ginsenoside contents. Eleven ginsenosides were determined in heat treatment, eight in freeze dried hairy roots. Contents of ginsenoside-Rbl , Rb2, Rc, Rd. Re, Rf, and Rg$_1$tested in all heat treatments were less than those of freeze dried hairy roots. Contents of glnsenoside-Rg$_2$ in heat treatment for 1 hour at 105$^{\circ}C$ was 4.92mg/g dry wt, 3.9 times higher than 1.27 mg/g dry wt of freeze dried hairy roots. The optimum condition of heat treatment for the production of ginsenoside-Rg$_3$and Rhl was 2 hours at 105$^{\circ}C$, and ginsenoside content was 2.58mg/g dry wt and 3.62mg/g dry wt, respectively. The production of ginsenoside-Rh2 was the highest in heat treatment for 2 hours at 105$^{\circ}C$ among treatments examined, and ginsenoside-Rh$_2$content was 1.08mg/g dry wt.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

Vitamin A palmitate, an oily drug which has low chemical stability and is poorly absorbed in the intestine, was formulated into a novel powdered dosage form. This is designated as a redispersible dry emulsion by freeze-drying technique. Before preparing a dry emulsion, vitamin A palmitate oil in solid in water (O/S/W) emulsion with soybean oil and coconut oil using Aerosil 200 as an emulsion stabilizer and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-blockcopolymer (Pluronic F68) as a surfactant was prepared. The resultants of the stability tests indicated that vitamin A palmitate O/S/W emulsion was improved on increasing the oil content of the formulation. The resultant dry emulsion particles have a good stabilities and free flow properties and readily released the oily droplets to form stable emulsions on rehydration. The drug releasing property from the resultant dry emulsion particles was dependent on factors such as amount of oily carrier(soybean oil) and surfactant(Pluronic F68) formulated. Above 80% of vitamin A palmitate content was released from the dry emulsion for 1 hour. It was deduced that vitamin A palmitate dry emulsion was definitely suitable for oral administration, since small droplets of vitamine A palmitate from the dry emulsion may alter the drug absorption profile resulting in bioavailability enhancement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1465-1470
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• 2011

In this study, a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres was fabricated using emulsion solvent evaporation technique. During the procedure fabrication, some parameters process have effected on the formation of micro-carriers. The structure and morphology of micro-carriers were evaluated by SEM observation. Beside, heparin incorporated into microspheres was determined using toluidine blue method. Specifically, the effects of some parameters process such as ultrasonic levels, PLGA concentrations and freeze-dry times on the size, structure, porous formation and heparin entrapment of micro-carriers were studied carefully. We found that, the morphology and structure of carriers were influenced by the all above parameters. The diameter of the carriers varied from 20 to 400 ${\mu}M$ depending on experimental conditions. At suitable freeze-dry time, the pores were automatically formation on surface of microspheres with a significantly in the numbers of pore. After heparin incorporated porous PLGA microspheres, it was suggested that the highly heparin incorporated into porous PLGA microspheres could enhance of angiogenesis for tissue regeneration easily.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.797-803
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• 2009

건조방법이 복분자 분말의 갈변 및 흡습 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 신선 복분자를 천일, 적외선 및 동결 건조한 다음 분쇄하고 이 분말의 색도와 수분활성도 ($a_w$) 0.11-0.90 범위에서 평형수분함량(EMC)을 각각 측정하였다. 갈변지표인 $L^*$값과 $a^*$값은 동결 건조한 복분자 분말이 다른 방법으로 건조한 분말보다 높고 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 황색도인 $b^*$값은 동결 건조 분말에서 가장 높은 수준을 보였다. EMC는 $a_w$의 증가와 함께 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 특히, 0.75 $a_w$ 이상에서 급격하게 증가하였다. 동일한 $a_w$에서 분말의 EMC는 동결건조품이 천일과 적외선 건조품 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 복분자 분말의 흡습곡선은 전형적인 sigmoid 형태를 보였고, 천일건조 분말은 Halsey model, 적외선 건조 분말은 Kuhn model, 그리고 동결 건조 분말은 Oswin model이 적합도가 가장 높았다. 단분자층 수분함량은 GAB 방정식으로 설명 할 수 있었으며, 적외선 건조 분말에서 0.005 g $H_2O/g$ dry solid, 천일 및 동결 건조 분말에서 0.019 g $H_2O/g$ dry solid를 각각 나타내었다. 이로써 건조방법은 복분자 분말의 갈변과 흡습 특성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권35호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2014

태안 마도1호선에서 출수된 대나무 소반은 해양에 매장되어 있는 동안 열화되어 매우 취약한 상태였다. 따라서 치수안정화처리를 위해 약품 4종(Sucrose, Dammar gum, Cetyl alcohol, Polyethylene glycol 4000)을 사용하여 예비실험을 진행했다. 실험 결과 수용성 PEG 4000 함침 후 진공동결건조법을 적용한 시료가 형태를 잘 유지하고 처리 후 색상이 밝게 표현되어 수침대나무를 보존처리하는데 적합한 방법으로 평가되었다. 대나무 소반 2점 중 1점은 수용성 PEG 4000을 10%에서 40%까지 함침처리 한 후 진공동결건조하였다. 다른 한 점은 수용성 PEG 4000을 10%에서 70%까지 함침처리하였다. 그 후 대나무 소반의 편을 모두 해체한 후 각각의 부재를 폴리카보네이트판으로 진공동결건조하였다. 또한 형태유지 및 강도부여를 위해 아크릴을 사용하여 유물 형태에 맞추어 틀을 제작한 후 그 위에 소반을 복원함으로써 원형을 찾고 전시 및 보관이 용이하도록 하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.616-622
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• 2004

약물 수송체로 사용되는 리포솜은 동결 건조를 통하여 분말화 시키는 방법이 사용되어지고 있다. 리포솜 안정제로서 말토스는 동결건조된 리포솜 분말의 안정성을 향상시키고 약물 봉입률에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 동결건조 전과 후의 리포솜 입자의 크기를 측정하므로서 리포솜의 안정성을 평가하였고 또한, 약물 봉입률은 모델 약물인 칼세인을 사용하여 조건에 따른 봉입양을 측정하였다. 리포솜 제조 후에 말토스를 첨가한 리포솜은 수화하는 과정에서 말토스를 첨가하여 제조한 리포솜보다 훨씬 더 안정한 것으로 확인되었다. 말토스를 첨가하지 않은 리포솜은 시간이 지남에 따라 입자의 크기가 커지는 반면, 리포솜 제조 후에 말토스를 첨가한 리포솜은 $4{\sim}37^{\circ}C$에서 30일 동안 안정하다. 또한, 말토스/지질의 물농도 비가 3과 6일 때 상대적으로 가장 높은 안정성을 보였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1412-1419
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• 2005

Preventing the infiltration of rainwater into the landfill site is the main purpose of the final cover in landfill sites. Compacted clay layer or geomembrain have been used as a conventional landfill final cover. But they have several disadvantages when damages might occur due to puncturing, differential settlement and desiccation or freeze and thaw. For this reason, as an alternative method SRSL(Self Recovering Sustainable Liner) has been developed. Adopting the precipitation reaction of two chemical material, by forming precipitates that fill the pores, and lower the overall permeability of the liner. The advantage of this method is that when fracture of the liner occurs the remaining reactants of the two layers form precipitates that fill the fracture and recover the low permeability of the liner. In this study, the recovering ability of the SRSL with a crack due to the seasonal variation or differential settlements was investigated by permeability tests. And in order to estimate the durability of the SRSL after freeze/thaw and desiccation, uniaxial compression strength tests were performed.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2004년도 제20회 발표논문집
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• pp.115-130
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• 2004

Plant-based cultural assets using straw and grass as household goods of our people's have been used as indispensable tools for practical living for a very long time. However, only a limited number of artifacts were unearthed so far due to tile fragility of the material. For this reason, research on plant-based cultural properties had close to no progress, and the appropriateness of the PEG method, high-grade alcohol method, alcohol--ether-resin method, and Paraloid B-72 used in preserving plant-based cultural properties has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study examined the weight change rate by applying the methods of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying used mostly as a earth-layer hardening material among PEG and acrylic resin, which are applied widely for preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, as a means to preserve plant-based cultural properties along with the examination of the subject material, and an experiment was also performed on moisture absorption. The findings as a result were, first, the plant-based material being studied was found to be Typha (Typha orientalis Presl). Secondly, the weight change experiment applying $PEG\#400$ and $PEG\#4000$ confirmed a steady increase of weight if PEG -2Step is used for treatment. Third, in preserving all subject materials with soil, treatment with $PEG\#4000$, Primal MC-76, and vacuum freeze-drying showed that tile vacuum freeze-drying method resulted in the largest or $20\%$ reduction in weight, while Primal MC-76 resulted in $18\%$ and $PEG\#4000$ in $8\%$ of weight reduction. It was concluded that, considering the stability of soil measurement, this came to be because resin permeation was carried out along with tile drying process. Fourth, the weight changes were found to be around $10\%$ in various humidity conditions after the preservation treatment. The greatest weight change rate was seen in the case of $PEG\#4000$, particularly having chemicals gush out in a high humidity (RH $84\%$ or higher) environment. In the case of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying methods, $6\~8\%$ weight changes were detected, and the lowest weight change was found in the case of the vacuum freeze-drying method. Fifth, as for color changes after treatment, blackening occurred most strongly with $PEG\#4000$, while Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying manifested colors closest to dry straw or grass. However, the texture of straw was not very evident in the case of Primal MC-76, due to a glossy surface, but vacuum freeze-drying was found to offer tile best result in terms of texture. Putting together the results of the above experiments, vacuum freeze-drying presented after being treated with PEG2-Step the most stabilized changes in weight, while it offered the smallest change in color as well.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

삼백초의 유효성분과 선도유지에 적합한 건조방법을 구명하고자 건조방법을 달리하여 건조시킨 후 건조방법별 유효성분 함량과 선도를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건조방법별 건조시간은 양건에 비해 열풍건조와 동결건조시 $88{\sim}93%$ 단축되었다. 건물수율은 동결건조 > 양건 > 열풍건조 순으로 높았고, 건조후 수분 함량은 양건 > 열풍건조 > 동결건조 순으로 높았다. 2. 총페놀성 화합물과 quercetin 관련물질 함량은 동결건조 > 열풍건조 > 양건 순으로 높았으며, 열풍건조후 볶음 또는 건조전 증자 처리를 함으로써 감소되었다. 항산화 활성은 동결건조에서 가장 높았고, 열풍건조와 양건 간에는 차이가 없었으며, 열풍건조후 볶음 또는 건조전 증자 처리를 함으로써 증가하여 총페놀성 화합물과 quercetin 관련물질 함량과는 다른 경향을 보였다. 3. 적색도 (a)는 동결건조 < 열풍건조 < 양건 순으로 낮았다. 4. 열풍건조시 부위별 총페놀성화합물과 quercetin 관련물질 함량은 꽃 > 잎 > 세절 > 줄기 순으로 높았으며, 항산화 활성도 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 부위별 적색도는 잎 < 세절 < 꽃 < 줄기 순으로 낮았다. 5. 삼백초의 유효성분과 선도유지에 적합한 건조방법은 세절하여 동결건조하거나 잎과 꽃만을 열풍건조하는 것이 효과적이었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.747-752
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• 2006

This study developed gasiogapidduk to increase the functional value and flavor of traditional Baiksulgi by adding gasiogapi powder. Powdered nonglutinous rice was mixed with powdered leaves (1%, 2%, 3%), powdered stems roots (1%, 3%, 5%), and powdered freeze-dried root extracts (5%, 10%, 15%) of Acanthopanax senticosus, known as the second ginseng, in order to find the combination ratio optimal to the senses. Sensory evaluation and texture characteristic evaluation of gasiogapidduk were used to develop a functional rice cake appealing to the largest number of people. Sensory evaluation consisted of evaluating color, smell, taste and texture, preference quality which reflects overall appeal. Texture characteristics were evalauated on hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess. As a result, AE5 mixed with 5% powdered freeze-dried Acanthopanax senticosus extract proved to be the most desirable in both sensory evaluation and texture characteristics.