• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of weed interference and starter fertilizer on subsequent soybean seed quality at the Agricultural Research Farm and Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factorial experiment was laid-outon a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg $ha^{-1}$) applied in the forms of monoammonium phosphate, the second factor was different weed interference periods consisted of five initial weed-free periods (in which, plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest) and five initial weed-infested periods (in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60DAE, after which the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest). Full season weedy condition reduced 100-seed weight, seed germination percentage and seedling dry weight by 25.9, 13.3 and 22.5%, respectively and increased mean germination time and seed electrical conductivity by 55.8 and 24.3%, respectively as compared with full season weed-free control. However, the traits under study were not significantly influenced when field was kept free of weeds for at least 45 DAE (R1) or weedy condition was continued for less than 30 DAE (V8). There was a significant and negative correlation between weed biomass and seed weight (r = -0.93), so that when weed free condition was less than 45 DAE or weed infested period was continued for at least 30 DAE, soybean plants produced wrinkled and underdeveloped seeds with lower weights and qualities. Moreover, soybean seed quality reduction due to weed interference was more evident when starter fertilizer was applied and weeds interfered with soybean from the beginning of the growing season. Information from the present study is beneficial in soybean seed production systems and where farmers use the harvested seeds for the following planting.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.393-396
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• 2009

Purpose: Low - molecular - weight dextran is one of the most frequently used antithrombotic agents in microvascular surgery, but there is controversy if it has the real benefit in the clinical aspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect associated with postoperative use of low - molecular - weight dextran in breast reconstruction by free TRAM flap patients. Methods: From January 2002 to October 2008, we reconstructed 88 cases of postmastectomy deformity using the free TRAM flap. The 88 cases were divided into two groups : a group with no use of dextran(66 patients, control group, Group A) and a postoperative low - molecular weight dextran loaded group(22 patients, Group B). We assessed number of flap survival, rate of complication like hematoma or seroma, total amount of drainage from operative wound, duration of drainage, and amount of transfusion in each group. Results: There was no total flap loss and every flap was survived. Total amount of drainage for post - operative 5 days were 857 ml in group A and 1101 ml in group B. Drain was kept for average of 7.3 days in group A and 8.7 days in group B. Packed red cell transfusions were made in average of 3.3 units for group A and 3.0 units for group B. Group B showed significantly higher values in former 2 comparative parameters than group A. Conclusion: There was no definitive advantage of anticoagulants in elective free - flap surgery in terms of success rate. However, groups with using anticoagulants had the increased bleeding tendency in immediate postoperative period. The routine use of anticoagulants in elective free - flap surgery should be reconsidered with postoperatively less bleeding and early recovery.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.240-246
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• 1974

The Merit variety of soybean (Glycine max L.), harvested in 1971 was germinated in the dark at $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ for days. The soybean sprouts were divided into cotyledons and seedling axis (=hypocotlyplus root) and subjected to the determination of dry weight, crude fat content and lipid components (esterified sterols, triglycerides, free fatty acids, free sterols and phospholipids) at two-day intervals during the germination periods. The results are summarized as follows: 1) During the germination period, the dry weight and crude fat content in cotyledons decreased continuously, but the dry weight seedling axis increased continuously and crude fat content remained almost constent. 2) The triglyceride content in crude fat from cotyledons decreased and free fatty acid content increased continuously, but triglyceride content in crude fat from seedling axis showed no change until 6th day and increased slightly after 8th day, and free fatty acid content showed increase after 4th day and decrease after 6th day. Phospholipids, free and esterified sterols content in cotyledons increased continuously, but their content in seedling axis remained unchanged.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

The essential oil free needles, which were left after distillation of essential oil from various coniferous needles, were fermented with food waste organics in order to use as compost and roughage. Microorganisms for the fermentation were selected from domestic sources such as swine compost, bark compost, and kimchi, etc, and consisted of aerothermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes. The weight reduction ratio of food waste organics treated with the microorganisms was 90% after 30 days treatment, and the fermentation temperature was kept at approximately $45^{\circ}C$. The compost process was really slow due to chemical compounds derived from needles, and it finally took 60 days for complete compost. When 10% of needle compost was mixed with soil for radish growth, the growth indicators such as leaf length and root weight were increased compared with control, while root weight, root width, and root length were inhibited on the addition of 20% needle compost. The nutrient value and digestibility ratio of various essential oil free needles as roughage for ruminant animals were evaluated. The ratio of crude protein for essential oil free needles from Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) was 10.02%, which was higher than those of rice straw(5.48%) and corn(9.00%). The digestibility ratios of essential oil free needles from Sawara cypress(Chamaecwaris pislfera), Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis), and Japanese Red Pine(Pinus densiflora) was 53%, 34%, 34%, respectively, indicating that those essential oil free needles were considered as excellent roughage.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin, PPD (25 mg/16.5 $\textrm{cm}^2$) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight (%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Narrowly dispersed poly(BMA-co-MMA) and PBMA latices (PSD : 1.002~1.008) were synthesized successfully by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization with 2,2' azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) and $K_2S_2O_8$ (KPS). The number average particle diameter and the number average molecule weight were found to be 160~494 nm and (1.25~7.55) ${\times}10^4$, respectively. The influences of BMA/MMA ratio, monomer and initiator concentrations, addition of DVB/EGDMA crosslink agent, and polymerization temperature on the polymerization rates and on the particle size and molecular weight were studied. The rate of polymerization increased with increasing MMA concentration in BMA/MMA weight ratio. The particle diameter as well as the polymer molecular weight could be controlled easily by controlling the BMA/MMA weight ratio, monomer concentration, AIBA and KPS concentration, and polymerization temperature.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 1999

Changes of silk protein compositions of average molecular weight (Mw) and free amino acid composition to different solubility conditions were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide electropholesis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and free amino acid analysis method. We can not detected average molecular weight distribution of different hydrochloric acid (HCl) conditions as SDS-polyacrylamide method, but as using GPC method, molecular weight distribution of 2N-HCl, 1N-HCl and 0.5N-HCl (3 hrs at $110^{\circ}C$ treated) are confirmed Mw 800, 1,500 and 3,700, respectively. The average molecular weight of calcium chroride and calcium chloride-enzyme treated samples are shown Mw 46,800 and 12,500, respectively. The degree of hydrolysis and the composition of the free amino acid in the fibroin hydrolysates effected significantly composition of free amino acids of the fibroin powder. The increase of the degree of hydrolysis and ratio of free amino acids and oligopeptides were found to be directly related to the concentration of hydrochloric acid and treatment of enzyme, resulting in the increase of water solubility.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2019

In this paper, we constructed a molecular dynamics (MD) polymer model of PMMA with 95% of conversion by using dynamic polymerization algorithm of a thermoplastic polymer based on free radical polymerization. In this algorithm, we introduced a united-atom level coarse-grained force field that combines the non-bonded terms from the TraPPE-UA force field and the bonded terms from the PCFF force field to alleviate the computation efforts. The molecular weight distribution and the average molecular weight of the polymer were calculated by investigating each chain generated from the free radical polymerization simulation. The molecular weight of the polymer was controlled by the number of initiator radicals presented in the initial state and molecular weight effect to the density, the glass transition temperature, and the mechanical properties were studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1522-1527
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• 2009

We investigated the effects of feeding diet containing medicinal plant water extracts (MPWEs) on body weight, epididymal adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size of epididymal adipose tissue and plasma lipid levels in high fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice. To test antiobese effects of diet containing the MPWEs, C57BL/6J mice were fed with HF diet for 11 weeks. In the last 6 weeks, the HF diet was supplemented with 0 (HFD) or MPWEs (5 g/kg, HFD＋MPWEs) or orlistat [0.5 g/kg, HFD＋orlistat (antiobesity drug)]. The HF-free diet group was fed normal chow for 11 weeks. Eleven-weeks feeding with HFD resulted in significant increase in lipid levels, body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights, compared with the HF-free group. Diet containing MPWEs significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations as well as body weight, liver weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the HFD＋Forlistat group after 6 weeks and a similar effect was found with HFD＋MPWEs group. The adipocyte size of epididymal adipose tissue in HFD group was significantly larger than those of HF-free group. MPWEs and orlistat (positive control) significantly decreased the size of epididymal adipocytes but orlistat was slightly more effective than MPWEs. These results suggest that oral feeding of the MPWEs may have antiobesity effects by suppressing body weight gain, adipose tissue formation and adipocyte size increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.936-942
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary protein and magnesium levels on calcium and magnesium metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty-eight male rats(average weight, 210g) divided into six diet groups; protein 8% and Mg-free diet, protein 8% and Mg 400mg/kg diet, protein 8% and Mg 900mg/kg diet, protein 20% and Mg-free diet, protein 20% nd Mg 400mg/kg diet, and protein 20% and Mg 800mg/kg diet group. After the rats were fed with experimental diets concentration were examined. Kidney weight was significantly higher in protein 8% and Mg-free group compared with other groups. Serum calcium concentration of protein8% group tended to decrease with the increase of the level of magnesium. Serum magnesium concentration in protein 8% and 20% group was lower in Mg-free group than that in other groups(p<0.05) and it also increased as the dietary magnesium level was increased. Urinary calcium and magnesium concentration in Mg-free group were significantly lower than those of other groups.