• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-aging effect of Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein (RELG) converted from the high molecular glycoprotein by bioconversion. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antioxidant activities ($IC_{50}$) of RELG and the positive control ascorbic acid were $22.6{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. For skin cells, $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG showed 28% antioxidant activity by inhibiting the production of active oxygen species induced by ultraviolet ray and hydrogen peroxide. $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG prevented 10% the cell death caused by stress in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HDPC) and reduced 90% the production of active oxygen species. In addition, the glycoprotein showed not only anti-wrinkle effect but also moisturizing effect by 48% inhibition of matrix metallo proteinase-1 (MMP-1) production by ultraviolet stress and $10{\mu}g/mL$ RELG enhanced 10% neutral lipid synthesis with 44% aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression, which is moisture factor. In conclusion, the RELG can be used as an anti-aging cosmetic material.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2015

Objectives This study was intended to clarify the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects of gamikyejakjimo-tang herbal acupuncture (GKHA) for osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA into right knee joint cavities of rats. Rats were divided into a total of 4 groups (n=8). The 4 groups were normal group, control group, positive comparison group and expeimental group. Indomethacin and GKHA were medicated for a total of 4 weeks. After that, functions of liver and kidney by AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, NO (Total Nitric oxide), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ production, weight changes in the hind legs of MIA-induced osteoarthritis rat, serum PGE2, TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, LTB4, hs-CRP, and white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were measured. The volume of cartilage was observed by micro CT arthrography. H&E and Safranin-O staining were used to examine the injury of synovial tissue. Results 1. In the hind leg weight bearing measurement, level of weight was increased. 2. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine were decreased. 3. The production of total white blood cell was decreased, and the production of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were significantly decreased. 4. The production of NO, PGE2, TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, LTB4 were significantly decreased, and the production of hs-CRP was also decreased but with no significance. 5. The cartilage volume was significantly increased. 6. In H&E staining and Safranin-O staning, the cartilage cell appeared to be proliferated, and proteoglycans appeared to be increased. Conclusions Based on the results above, Gamikyejakjimo-tang Herbal Acupuncture has anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects, which leads to suppressing the underlying causes and the progression of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2014

This study investigated lipid profiles and antioxidant capacities of seven Korean rapeseed cultivars (Naehan, Tamla, Mokpo111, Yeongsan, Tammi, Hanla, and Mokpo68). The rapeseeds contained 29.3~33.2% of extracted lipid and major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids was 2.20~3.68 with the highest in Hanla and lowest in Naehan. Glycolipid ranged from 0.21 g/100 g to 0.47 g/100 g. Phospholipid content was 0.55~1.15 g/100 g with the highest in Tammi and the lowest in Mokpo68, and the most common phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine. Tocopherol content was 9.45~15.11 mg/100 g in the order of ${\gamma}$ > ${\alpha}$ > ${\beta}$ > ${\delta}$-tocopherol, and Naehan contained the highest amount of tocopherols (P<0.05). Total phenol content (TPC) of rapeseed was 314.64~577.08 mg SAE/100 g. Tamla contained the highest TPC, and showed the highest antioxidant activity determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1088-1093
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drying methods for Citrus junos peels on quality characteristics of the hot-water leachate from teabags containing those peels. Fresh peels were hot-air ($50^{\circ}C$), cold-air ($30^{\circ}C$), or freeze-dried ($-45^{\circ}C$), powdered to a size of 40 mesh, packaged with a paper sachet, and then the packaged teabags were leached for 10 min with hot-water ($70^{\circ}C$). $L^*$ value (lightness) and $-a^*$ value (greenness) of the peel powder were the highest in the freeze-dried samples. Soluble solids and titratable acidity of the teabag leachate were in the following order; cold-air, freeze, and hot-air dried samples. Among free sugar contents in all samples, fructose content was the highest, followed by glucose and sucrose. Fructose and glucose contents were not affected by drying methods. There was no significant difference in the flavonoid content among the peels dried using three drying methods. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the leachate was the highest in the cold-air dried sample. These results suggest that cold-air drying would be an effective method to enhance the quality of hot-water leachate of teabags prepared from C. junos peels.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

In the present study, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition of Perilla frutescens, Houttuynia cordata and Camellia sinensis extracts and the extract mixtures (PHC) were investigated. PHC showed 80.2% and 98.0% of free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS analysis, respectively, and 50% tyrosinase inhibition in $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. HaCaT cells did not show cell toxicity in $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the PHC. Furthermore, HaCaT cell viability by co-culture with extract H. cordata was increased more than 10% compared with untreated cells. However, the cell viability was decreased in $500{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract C. sinensis and the PHC. These results suggested that about $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of the PHC showed proper tyrosinase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activities. The PHC could be used as multifunctional cosmeceutical agents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.973-982
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• 2017

Gastrodia elata Blume often has been used for the treatment of headaches, convulsions, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main active constituents are gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzylaldehyde and parishin A, B, C and E. Because Gastrodia elata has also unacceptable off-odor (swine barnyard-like) for food, there is a need to reduce it as well as allow for greater utilization as a functional food materials. In this study, a major off-odor producing substance of Gastrodia elata was fractionated by steam distillation and silica gel column chromatography. The substance was identified as p-cresol(4-methyl phenol) by GC-MS analysis and comparison of the retention time with that of an authentic compound in GC. The content of p-cresol in fermented Gastrodia elata was decreased. A fermented sample of Latobacillus sakei for 2 days was reduced to 54.7%, when compared with a unfermented sample. The five parishin derivatives in Gastrodia elata were identified by HPLC-MS analyses, and a comparison of HPLC retention times with those of authentic compounds. When compared with parishin derivatives of an unfermented Gastrodia elata, those of Gastrodia elata fermented by L. sakei, increased to 18.3% for 2 days. Increases of about 14.0~38.4% of the total phenolic compounds and 57.4~77.3% total flavonoids were found in fermented extracts, by 3 lactic acid bacteria strains. They were compared with $97.1{\pm}2.9{\mu}g/g$ and $40.9{\pm}2.0{\mu}g/g$ in the unfermented control, respectively. The extracts of Gastrodia elata Blume that were fermented by lactic acid bacteria had higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP reducing power than the unfermented control.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Nutritional components and antioxidant activities of commercial loquat leaf tea (CLLT) were evaluated. Proximate compositions were as follows; moisture 5.34%, crude protein 8.38%, crude fat 13.26%, nitrogen free extract 46.21%, crude fiber 19.24% and crude ash 7.57%, respectively. Ascorbic acid and total phenolics content of CLLT was 0.47 mg/100 g and 42.55 mg/GAE g, respectively. Mineral elements were Ca 1,624.01 mg/100 g, K 1,099.66 mg/100 g, and Mg 192.70 mg/100 g, respectively. Amino acid contents of CLLT were very rich in glutamic acid 565.98 mg/100 g and deficient in cystine 12.97 mg/100 g. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of hot water extract from CLLT were 72.51% and 90.11%, respectively at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of hot water extract from CLLT were increased in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, these results suggest that the hot water extract of CLLT possess antioxidant activities and thus it has great potential as a source for functional food such as natural antioxidant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

In this study, we aimed to increase the utilization of non-commercializable peach fruits collected during harvesting and distribution and to promote the transition of a high value-added industry. After producing pastes from the flesh of different peach varieties, we used these pastes as ingredients in the production of Kochujang. We then performed a comparative analysis on the quality characteristics of the peach-added Kochujang and commercially available Kochujang products. Peach-added Kochujang exhibited a lower pH and reduced sugar, salinity, reducing sugar, ash, and calorie content than those of commercially available Kochujang products. However, the Kochujang had slightly higher pH and moisture content than commercially available products due to high organic acid and moisture contents of peach flesh. In terms of content of inorganic elements, commercial Kochujang products exhibited higher sodium and magnesium content, whereas peach-added Kochujang had higher potassium content. In particular, the lower sodium and higher potassium content of peach-added Kochujang indicates that this product could be used as a functional food to prevent various diseases caused by excessive sodium intake among Koreans. After comparing the products in terms of phenol and flavonoid content, we concluded that ethanol extracts of peach-added Kochujang showed higher phenol content than those of the commercially available Kochujang products. In contrast, the distilled water extracts of peach Kochujang showed higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity than that of commercially available Kochujang products.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the effects of drying methods on the quality and physiological activities of blueberry. Blueberries(Vaccinium ashei) were dried by hot-air ($60^{\circ}C$), cyclic low pressure ($50^{\circ}C$), and freeze drying methods. They contained high properties of carbohydrates(68.48~80.00%), crude protein(1.63~5.41%), crude fat(0.58~1.25%), and ash(0.71~1.11%) regardless of the drying methods. There were no differences in pH according to the drying methods. Browning index increased as the drying temperature increased. The L, a values of the freeze-dried sample were higher than those of the other dried samples, whereas the b value of the cyclic low pressure dried sample was higher than that of the other samples. The free sugar contents of the hot-air sample were higher than those of the other samples. Vitamin C content of the freeze dried sample was higher than that of either the hot-air or cyclic low pressure dried sample. The contents of total polyphenols and anthocyanins were higher in the freeze dried sample. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of freeze drying sample was higher than that of either the hot-air or cyclic low pressure dried sample. The result indicated that there were no differences in product quality depending on the freeze-drying and cyclic low pressure drying methods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

A potentially functional yogurt co-fermented with Monascus-fermented soybean powder (MFSP) was prepared, and its quality and antioxidant properties were investigated. Skim milk powder with (SMP+MFSP, 1:1, w/w) or without MFSP (SMP; control) was fermented by probiotic cultures consisting of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KCTC 3635 and S. thermophilus KCTC 5092. The functional yogurt fermented with MFSP contained significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of ${\gamma}-aminobutryric$ acid (GABA; $107.22{\pm}3.06{\mu}g/g$), isoflavone aglycone (daidzein+genistein; $201.21{\pm}6.29{\mu}g/g$), and ubiquinone ($39.05{\pm}0.08{\mu}g/g$) than the control yogurt. During fermentation at $36^{\circ}C$ for 48 h, the functional yogurt displayed higher titratable acidity, viable cell numbers, and radical scavenging activity and a lower pH than the control yogurt (p<0.05). These results indicate that MFSP has great potential for enriching the free isoflavones, GABA, and ubiquinone contents in yogurt.