• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1992

고순도 삼염화실란(TCS) 중의 미량 인(P) 불순물 농도를 흡착 분리 방법을 이용하여 분광광도법적으로 측정하는 방법을 제안하였다. TCS 중의 미량 불순물인 P 염화물을 보다 안정한 $POCl_3$로 산화시킨 다음, ethanol 용매에 잘 녹으며$POCl_3$와 안정된 부가화합물 complex를 형성하는 물질로서$AlCl_3$를 선택하여 분리해 내었다. 이러한 흡착을 이용한 농축 분리 방법을 통해 분석 도중에 실리카 겔 및 기포의 생성을 방지할 수 있었는데, 반도체급 TCS 중의 P 농도는 ${\pm}$ 17% 표준편차 범위내에서 5.32${\mi}g/l$로 측정되었다. 이와같이 $AlCl_3$로 P 화합물을 제거시킨 정제된 TCS 중의 P 농도는 0.15${\mi}g/l$이하로 측정되어 $AlCl_3$의 우수한 흡착 성능이 습식분석에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 TCS 정제 중 P 불순물 제거에 효과적인 것으로 알려진 다른 흡착 물질의 성능도 본 측정 방법으로 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2000년도 International Meeting 2000
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causative agent of a mosquito-borne encephalitis and is transmitted to human via persistently infected mosquito vectors. Although the virus is known to cause only acute infection, there were reports that showed neurological sequelae, latent infection in peripheral mononuclear cells, and recurrence of the disease after acute encephalitis. Innate resistance of certain cell lines, abnormal SN1 expression of the virus, and anti-apoptotic effect of cullular bcl-2 have been suggested as probable causes of JEV persistence even in the absence of defective interfering (DI) particles. Although possible involvement of DI particles in JEV persistence was suggested, neither has a direct evidence for DI presence nor its molecular characterization been made. Two questions asked in this study are whether the DI virus plays any role in JEV persistent infection if it is associated with and what type of change(s) can be made in persistently infected cells to avoid apoptosis even with the continuous virus replication, DI-free standard stock of JEV was infected in BHK-21, Vero, and SW13 cells and serial high multiplicity passages were performed in order to generate DI particles. There different-sized DI RNA species which were defective in both structural and nonstructural protein coding genes. Rescued ORFs of the DI genome maintained in-frame and the presence of replicative intermediate or replicative form RNA of the DI particles confirmed their replication competence. On the other hand, several clones with JEV persistent infection were established from the cells survived acute infections during the passages. Timing of the DI virus generation during the passages seemed coincide to the appearance of persistently infected cells. The DI RNAs were identified in most of persistently infected cells and were observed throughout the cell maintenance. One of the cloned cell line maintained the viral persistence without DI RNA coreplication. The cells with viral persistence released the reduced but continuous infectious JEV particle for up to 9 months and were refractory to homologous virus superinfection but not to heterologous challenges. Unlike the cells with acute infection these cells were devoid of characteristic DNA fragmentation and JEV-induced apoptosis with or without homologous superinfection. Therefore, the DI RNA generated during JEV undiluted serial passage on mammalian cells was shown to be biologically active and it seemed to be responsible, at least in part, for the establishment and maintenance of the JEV persistence in mammalian cells. Viral persistence without DI RNA coreplication, as in one of the cell clones, supports that JEV persistent infection could be maintained with or without the presence of DI particles. In addition, the fact that the cells with JEV persistence were resistant against homologous virus superinfection, but not against heterologous one, suggests that different viruses have their own and independent pathway for cytopathogenesis even if viral cytopathic effect could be converged to an apoptosis after all.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1881-1890
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• 2016

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a vital enzyme that protects cells from free radicals through eliminating superoxide radicals ($O^{2-}$). Hirudin, a kind of small active peptide molecule, is one of the strongest anticoagulants that can effectively cure thrombus diseases. In this study, we fused Hirudin to the C terminus of human MnSOD with the GGGGS linker to generate a novel dual-feature fusion protein, denoted as hMnSOD-Hirudin. The hMnSOD-Hirudin gene fragment was cloned into the pET15b (SmaI, CIAP) vector, forming a recombinant pET15b-hMnSOD-Hirudin plasmid, and then was transferred into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami for expression. SDS-PAGE was used to detect the fusion protein, which was expected to be about 30 kDa upon IPTG induction. Furthermore, the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein was heavily detected as a soluble form in the supernatant. The purification rate observed after Ni NTA affinity chromatography was above 95%. The hMnSOD-Hirudin protein yield reached 67.25 mg per liter of bacterial culture. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by western blotting. The hMnSOD-Hirudin protein activity assay evinced that the antioxidation activity of the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein obtained was $2,444.0{\pm}96.0U/mg$, and the anticoagulant activity of the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein was $599.0{\pm}35.0ATU/mg$. In addition, in vitro bioactivity assay showed that the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein had no or little cytotoxicity in H9c2, HK-2, and H9 (human $CD_4{^+}$, T cell) cell lines. Transwell migration assay and invasion assay showed that the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein could suppress human lung cancer 95-D cell metastasis and invasion in vitro.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제23집
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

이 논문에서는 시조는 시조의 형식미를 지킴으로서 자유시와의 변별력이 생길뿐더러 시조의 존재의의가 있다는 데에 논의의 초점을 맞추고 여기서 이탈하는 작품들을 경계하였다. 과거 고시조는 창과 조화롭게 만나서 음악으로나 문학으로나 중심장르로서 역할하였는데, 현대시조에 와서는 창과 무관하게 창작되고 있지만 시조가 창을 곁들인다고 해서 무익하다고 할 수 없기 때문에, 창을 현대감각에 맞게 조정하여 시조와 만나는 문제를 생각해야 하고, 이 점은 국악인과 시조시인과의 상호 노력이 요청되는 문제임을 지적하였다. 시조를 영역한 예들을 살펴보니 시조를 영시 형식으로 번역한 경우가 있었다. 이렇게 되면 외국인들이 시조의 형식에 따른 시조의 묘미를 느낄 수 없게 되므로 올바른 번역이 되지 못함을 지적하였다. 그러나 시조의 3장 6구 형식을 영어가 허용하는 범위 내에서 살리려고 노력하는 한 편, 각 구끼리 비슷한 음절수를 가지게 하여 각 구를 읽을 때의 시간적 거리를 비슷하게 만든 경우가 있었다. 시조 영역(英譯)은 이같이 시조다움을 살리는 데에서 출발해야 하고 그렇게 하기 위해서는 먼저 시조시인들이 시조형식을 잘 지켜서 창작해야 거기에 따른 번역 또한 시조답게 번역이 가능해질 것임을 지적하면서, 바람직한 번역을 위해서는 시조학자와 영문학자와의 상호 노력이 요청되는 문제임을 지적하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1996

DWP305, a preparation containing combination of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), silymarin and vitamins ($B_1\;and\;B_2$), is a drug currently being developed for hep atic disorders. In order to evaluate the changes in hepatic function by multiple oral administration(2 and 4 weeks) of DWP305 in rats, several biochemical parameters in blood, bile acid composition, and the accumulation of UDCA and lithocholic acid(LCA),a toxic metabolite formed by enterobacteria, were examined using HPLC. In blood biochemical findings, DWP305 did not affect the normal level and there was no difference in total bile acid composition for UDCA, cholic acid(CA), deoxycholic acid(DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) and LCA compared to the UDCA administered group, although total ratio of UDCA and CA was different from normal group. In case of ratio of taurine and glycine conjugated forms, DWP305(186mg/kg as a UDCA) administered group was also similar to normal group and UDCA administered group, while high dosing of DWP305 was not different in the ratio of UDCA administered group(930mg/kg) but normal group. And the ratio of LCA was in order of UDCA(930mg/kg), DWP305(930mg/kg as a UDCA), UDCA(186mg/kg) and DWP305(186mg/kg as a UDCA) administered group, which was less than 4%. The free form of UDCA as well as most of bile acids was not detected at all in rat liver, indicating that there's no accumulation. These results suggest that multiple dosing of DWP305 in rats may not affect hepatic biotransformation and metabolism of bile acids.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-70
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• 1995

This paper aims to clarify the historical background and the architectural purpose of the buildings in NakSunJae area to the original state. Through the investigation, the clarified facts are as follows. 1. The relation with the buildings for the Crown Prince in the ChangDok Palace By constructing buildings in the NakSunJae area, the spatial conception of the Royal Palace was changed, that is, buildings for the Crown Prince in the ChangDok Palace disappeared and they became to belong to the ChangGyeong Palace. Moreover, by constructing the NakSunJae and its attached buildings, the area for the Crown Prince shifted to use as a private area for the king. 2. The date and the purpose of the construction The NakSunJae area is consisted of three compounds of building: NakSunJae, SukBokHun and SooKangJae. The NakSunJae was constructed for the king HunChong's private occupancy in 1847 and the SukBokHun for a residence of a royal concubine Kim, in 1847. The SooKangJae was originally built in 1785 in the SooKang Palace where the ex-king took up as his residence after abdicate the throne. Later on, it was repaired as the residence of the Queen SoonWon, king HunChong's grandmother, in commemoration for the 60th anniversary of her birth in 1848. 3. Architectural features of the NakSunJae area at the time of construction First, as the NakSunJae area is surrounded by quite high hills in northeast and by low hills in southwest, it is naturally distinguished from its surroundings and gives a cosy feeling. Second, the NakSunJae area shows very untrammeled style of arrangement in general, because it was constructed as a private occupancy for the king. other buildings are arranged in the latticing orderly, nonetheless, they are free by themselves from a strict form and make themselves an area full of variety. Third, the buildings in the NakSunJae area have a characteristic of naivety of common people's houses, because they were not an official but private place for the king, his concubine and his grandmother. Forth, the ornaments in the NakSunJae area are variously, elegantly and harmoniously patterned with the meaning of good luck. Fifth, back garden in the NakSunJae area was made by taking advantage of sloping hills. The back garden is beautifully configurated by arranging various constituent elements of pavilions, tiered flower beds, chimneys, decorated walls, small doors between walls, stoneworks and trees.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1991

니트로벤젠 및 m-크실렌 용액내에서 1-요오드화프로판의 용해도를 8$^{\circ}$, 15$^{\circ}$및 25$^{\circ}C$에서 요오드화칼륨이 존재할 때와 존재하지 않을 때의 두 경우에 대하여 각각 측정하여 보았다. 요오드화칼륨이 존재하지 않을 때에 m-크실렌에서 1-요오드화프로판의 용해도가 니트로벤젠에서 보다 크다. 이것은 1-요오드화프로판과 m-크실렌의 상호작용이 니트로벤젠보다 더 강하다는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 요오드화칼륨이 존재할 경우에는 용액내에서 1-요오드화프로판과 요오드화칼륨이 불안정한 착물이 생성된다. 이 착물을 여러 경우로 가정하여 계산하여 본 결과 1:1 착물일 때, 불안정 상수 K값이 비교적 일정한 값을 나타내었다. 그러므로 1:1 착물 n-C$_3H_7I{\cdot}GaI_3$가 형성됨을 알았으며, 이 착물은 용액내에서 다음 평형식에 의해서 이루어 진다고 본다. n-C$_3H_7I{\cdot}GaI_3{\rightleftharpoons}n-C_3H_7I+1/2Ga_2I_6$ 요오드화칼륨과 1-요오드화프로판의 착물의 불안정도를 이와 대응하는 요오드화메틸과 비교하여 보았다. 또한 이 착물의 해리에 대한 엔탈피, 자유에너지 및 엔트로피 변화도 산출하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2002

$\alpha$-La(holo-, apo form)과 $\alpha$-La과 $\beta$-Lg의 혼합물의 열 처리 시 변화의 정도를 DSC를 실시하여 비교하였다. Holo-$\alpha$-La의 열 변성 정점 온도(Td)는 apo-$\alpha$-La에 비해 높게 나타남으로써 열에 의한 변성에 더 안정함을 알 수 있었다. 두 종류 $\alpha$-La의 혼합물의 경우 Td는 일치하지 않았으며 ago-$\alpha$-La이 holo-$\alpha$-La보다 더 낮게 나타났는데 이는 apo-$\alpha$-La이열에 더 불안정함을 의미한다. $\alpha$-La과 $\beta$-Lg의 혼합물의 경우 hole-$\alpha$-La과 $\beta$-Lg의 혼합물의 변성 온도는 holo-$\alpha$-La 하나만을 열처리 했을 때보다 변성 온도가 더 낮아져서, 열에 의한 변성이 $\beta$-Lg의 유리 SH기에 의해 촉진되었음을 유추할 수 있었고, ago-$\alpha$-La과 $\beta$-Lg의 혼합물의 경우 변성 온도는 apo-$\alpha$-La하나만을 열처리 했을 때보다 변성 온도가 2배 가까이 상승하면서, 열 처리에 더 안정해짐을 보여주었다. $\beta$-Lg의 열 변성 양상은 pH 6.8의 조건에서 살펴보았을 때 가열 초기 단계부터 다소불안정한 peak를 보였으며 $\alpha$-La과 혼합되었을 때 변성을 더 촉진시키면서 열에 불안정해짐을 시사하였다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a multidisciplinary team approach program for stroke survivors, and to identify its effects on their rehabilitation. The team was composed of 7 members: a rehabilitation nurse, a physician, a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a therapeutic recreational therapist, a nutritionist, and a researcher. A quasi-experimental study was performed with 36 subjects: 18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, using a noneqivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group participated 4 times in rehabilitation programsfocused on information and emotional support provided by the rehabilation team-and received telephone counseling from the researcher. The control group did not receive any treatment. The selection criteria for the subjects in this study were: (a) patients who were diagnosed as having had an ischemic stroke within the last year, (b) patients free of any communication disorder, (c) and those having a primary caregiver who could assist in filling out the form assessing the level of ADL. The data were collected from patients who had been discharged from a tertiary hospital, between October 1st, 1999 and September 30th, 2000. The data were analysed by $X^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test using an SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. In terms of physical variables (blood pressure, grasp power, and ADL) 1) There was a significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups (systolic pressure P= .012, diastolic pressure P= .050). 2) There was also a significant difference in grasp power between the two groups (affected side : P= .012, unaffected side : P= .010). 3) There was no significant change in the level of ADL between the two groups. 2. In terms of psychosocial variables (depression, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social activities) 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups. However, all four psychosocial variables showed a tendency to improve in the experimental group, while only two variables (depression and self-efficacy) showed a simalar tendency in the control group. 2) The level of social activities in the control group decreased significantly after a month (P= .050). 3. The level of life satisfaction improved in both groups, but no significant difference was found. Stroke has high recurrence rate and requires considerable follow-up care. The program used in this study was developed and designed for stimulting the rehabilitation process of stroke survivors. Through the program period of one month (meetings were held weekly), a positive effect was detected in physical variables, although the psychosocial variables did not improve significantly. In retrospect, a one month period may not be an adequate length of time to improve the psychosocial variables, as the stroke survivors were complicated cases, and most of them were elderly. Further research is therefore recommended by increasing the length of program, so that its effect can be more noticeable.