• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship among the life style, body composition, and BMD in female college students. Method: For this study, 320 female college students aged 18 through 35 were sampled. Data were collected from June to September, 2007. The BMD was measured with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, body composition with the Body Composition Analyzer, and stature was also taken. Results: Our findings indicated that the relationship among the life style, body composition and BMD significantly varied and that meal times (F=3.318, p= .038) and muscle mass (r= .240, p< .001) and fat-free mass (r= .233, p< .001) showed a significant positive relationship with BMD. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that optimal levels of the fat-free mass and muscle mass should be maintained. Since a decrease in the quantity of bones is expected to cause health issues for women after menopause, it is necessary to reduce risk factors including the unhealthy life style of college women that may lead to osteoporosis, and to introduce preventive nursing interventions against osteoporosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2003

Background : Sex specific cross sectional reference values for the lung function indices usually employ a linear model with a term for age and height. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the body mass index (BMI), the fat percentage of the body mass and the fat-free mass index (FFMI) on the forced expiratory volume curve. Methods : Between January 2000 and December 2001, a total of 300 subjects, 150 men and 150 women (mean age : $45{\pm}13$ years), with a normal lung function were enrolled in the study sample. This study measured the $FEV_1$, FVC and $FEF_{25-75%}$ from the forced expiratory volume curve by a spirometer and the body composition by a bioelectrical impedance method in all subjects. Multiple regression analysis was used in order to examine the effects of the body composition on the parameters derived from the forced expiratory volume curve. Results : After adjusting for age, the BMI and Fat percentage improved the descriptions of the FVC (p<0.05, $r^2=0.491$) and $FEV_1$ (p<0.05, $r^2=0.654$) in women. In contrast, the FFMI contributed significantly to the FVC (p<0.05, $r^2=0.432$) and $FEV_1$ (p<0.05, $r^2=0.567$) in men. The $FEF_{25-75%}$ correlated with the fat percentage in women (p<0.05, $r^2=0.337$). Conclusion : These results suggest that the BMI, the fat percentage and the FFMI are significant determinants of the forced expiratory volume curve. The plmonary function test, when considering the BMI, the fat percentage and the FFMI, might be useful in clinical applications.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.786-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density(BMD), body composition and life styles of female college students. The subjects were 334 students with a mean age of 21.0 years. BMDs of forearm and calcaneus were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedence analysis. The means for weight, height, and body mass index(BMI) of the subjects were 55.7 kg, 161.0 cm, 21.5 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Grouping by the BMI, 13.2% of the subjects were classified as overweight, and 11.1% of the subjects as obese group. BMD in the forearm and calcaneus were 0.390 g/$cm^2$, 0.514 g/$cm^2$. In the forearm, 58.1% and 9.6% of the subjects were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, and in the calcaneus, 12.0% and 0.3% of the subjects were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. Body weight, skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, fat mass and BMI were positively correlated with BMDs in the forearm and calcaneus($r$=0.180~0.495, $p$ <0.01~0.001), and height, % body fat and waist-hip ratio(WHR) were positively correlated with BMDs in the calcaneus($r$=0.213~0.239, $p$ <0.001), but not in the forearm. The factors such as beginning age of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking and exercise had significant influence on BMD($p$ <0.05; p<0.001), whereas sleeping hours, activity level, frequency of exercise, meal times, frequency of snack and fried food intake, breakfast skipping and amount of meal had not significant influence on BMD. Therefore, the acquisition of balanced body composition is necessary through the increase of fat free mass and muscle mass, not through the increase of fat mass among female college students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.509-516
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact DM duration on cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The subject were 250 (male: 134, female: 118) Korean Type 2 DM patients recruited from a general hospital's DM clinic. Anthropometric and hematological variables and dietary intake were assessed. The subject's mean age was 60.2 years and duration of diabetes was 9.5 years. As far as DM duration was concerned, male subjects with long duration (${\geq}$ 5 years and longer) showed significantly lower weight, fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, BMI (p < 0.05) and higher 2hrs-postprandial plasma glucose (p < 0.05) and concentration of Hemoglobin A1c (p < 0.01) compared to those with less 5years of duration. In female subjects, same trend was found. Female subjects with long duration (${\geq}$ 5 years and longer) showed significantly higher fat free mass (p < 0.05) and skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.05), Hemoglobin A1c (p < 0.01), HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triglyceride (p < 0.05), dietary intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and fat (p < 0.05) compared to those with less 5years of duration. In conclusion, Type II DM patients of long duration had higher blood lipid concentrations and higher carbohydrates intakes. Subjects followed diet prescription strictly showed lower blood lipid concentration, suggesting the effectiveness of diet to manage Type 2 DM patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.446-451
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wax gourd on weight, triglyceride, leptin and fat cell size in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed an experimental diet containing total dietary fat at 40% of calories with wax gourd 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) for 4 weeks. Weight gain and triglyceride level fell significantly in the 15% wax gourd group compared to the control group. Epididymal fat pad, abdominal fat and perirenal fat tended to decrease in the 15% wax gourd group. Leptin and free fatty acid level were not significantly different among the groups. Fat cell size significantly decreased in the 10% and 15% wax gourd groups compared to the control group. Weight gain correlated positively with visceral fat masses and the levels of leptin and triglyceride. Fat cell size significantly correlated with visceral fat and leptin level. Therefore, the 15% wax gourd diet substantially reduced weight, triglyceride and fat cell size. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 446∼451, 2003)

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze methods and outcomes about fasting for obesity in korea medicine research. Methods: We searched the studies with key words of 'obesity' and 'fasting or starvation' in Korean database (Korean traditional knowledge portal, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, DBPIA, RISS). Studies were analyzed for contents, evaluation methods and adverse effects. Results: Twenty-one studies were reviewed. Studies were published in 1983~2015. 1. Studies can be classified into three types: comparative study on before and after, comparative study between groups, case study on other disease occurred during the fasting therapy period. 2. The most common step of fasting were 3 steps: reducing food intakes period (3~5 days), fasting period (7~10 days) and refeeding period (3~5 days) and additional period-diet period (28 days). 3. The most common evaluation methods were body weight (BW), body fat mass (BFM), muscle weight (MW), fat free mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, etc. 4. BW, BFM, MW were reduced largely in fasting period. 5. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, nausea, headache, vomiting, insomnia, etc. Conclusions: As a result of the review papers, fasting therapy have positive effects for obesity. To verify the effectiveness of the fasting, more studies are needed such as randomized controlled trial.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2005

The effects of the amount of red pepper intake per a day on the capsaicin threshold, nutrient intake, and anthropo-metric measurements were investigated in 100 female students of university. Three 24-hour recalls were performed to estimate usual nutrient and red pepper intake of free-living participants. The solutions containing capsaicin at concentration of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5ppm used for the evaluation of hot-taste detection threshold. Subjects were asked to recognize the burning sensation after tasting l0ml of each test solution in ascending order of capsaicin concentrations. Mean intake of red pepper was 4.6 g/d and the capsaicin threshold was 0.27 ppm. The detection threshold for capsaicin was correlated with the amount of pepper intake per a day. Red pepper intake was correlated with energy, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, Iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ niacin, and vitamin E intakes. However, it was not correlated with intake of calcium, vitamin B$_1$ or vitamin C. The red pepper intake was negatively correlated with fat mass and waist girth and the capsaicin threshold was also negatively correlated with pulse. In conclusion, red pepper intake was associated with nutrient intake and capsaicin threshold whereas it was negatively correlated with fat mass and waist girth.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the aerobic exercise and weight training combined with VLCD(very low calorie diet) and chegameuyiin-tang(體減薏苡仁湯) on the change of the body composition during 15 days of hospitalization treatment. Methods: Twenty four female obese patients were observed. Exercise regimen was composed with aerobic exercise and weight training program, and the intensity of aerobic exercise were 50% HRmax(maximal heart rate) twice time a day and weight training were 50% 1RM(one repetition maximum) a day. All subjects diet regimen was VLCD of 600kcal/day. Results & Conclusions. 1. There was no significant difference between the aerobic exercise and the weight training groups in the change of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat, waist-hip ratio, body mass index and resting metabolic rate. 2. In the comparison of the change rate of FFM(fat free mass), weight training group preserved FFM better than aerobic-exercise-only-group with no statistical significance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.734-744
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• 2011

This study has examined the effect of music Rope-skipping on body composition and health related blood components of middle school students. The experiment has been performed for 12 weeks, varying the exercise intense depending on preliminary stage, elementary and intermediate stage and conclusion is as follows based on the change in body composition, blood components related to health before and after the experiment. All males and females showed decreased, but there were no statistically different in body fat mass and body fat percentage. Fat-free mass of males showed decreased and females had an increased, but there were no statistically different. Regarding body-mass index of males and females were on the decreased, but there were no statistically different. As for hematocrit of males and females statistically grew by about 4.53%(p<.05). The number of erythrocyte and leukocyte in males and females showed increased, but there were no statistically difference. Concerning hemoglobin of males and females showed a increased(p<.01). The number of thrombocyte of males and females were on the increased, but there were no statistically different. Cholesterol in males and females were on the decreased, but it was not statistically different. Blood glucose of males and females were on the decreased(p<.05).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.80-99
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• 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to review clinical studies conducted over the last ten years that investigated weight or fat loss interventions that can preserve muscle or fat-free mass in Sarcopenic obesity Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and Korea Studies Information Service (KISS) were searched for Randomized clinical trials that had investigated all-type of interventions on the management of sarcopenic obesity from October 2013 to September 2023. Results: A total of 14 studies met all the inclusion criteria. Interventions that increase muscle mass while reducing body fat at the same time included resistance training (including using elastic bands) and whole-body electromyostimulation(WB-EMS) in exercise intervention and Hypocaloric high-protein diet in nutritional intervention, exercise and nutritional combined intervention, and combination intervention of electrical acupuncture and amino acid supplementation. Among them, the most positive method of changing the body composition in sarcopenic obesity was the electric acupuncture and amino acid supplements. Conclusion: Varying diagnostic criteria and management interventions for sarcopenic obesity in the included studies made it hard to maintain homogeneity across the studies. Well-defined criteria for diagnostic sarcopenic obesity should be considered. In addition, since all of the interventions examined did not show sufficient clinical effectiveness, follow-up studies are needed to confirm effective interventions for sarcopenic obesity patients in the future.