• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17.1-17.9
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• 2023

To our knowledge, this is the first case of concurrent diaphyseal left coracoid and left femoral fractures in a Eurasian eagle owl and its post-release survival in Korea. The femur was surgically repaired using an external skeletal fixator-intramedullary (IM) pin tie-in method, and the coracoid was repaired solely with an IM pin on day 6 after femur surgery. The eagle owl underwent a gradual rehabilitation process. The bird was successfully rehabilitated and released 101 d after initial presentation. The bird was monitored using a wildlife tracking device and was confirmed to have survived for over 5 mon in the wild.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.205-207
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• 2023

A Monteggia fracture is a proximal ulnar fracture with proximal radioulnar ligamentous instability. While there is no precise definition, Monteggia-equivalent fractures are generally considered Monteggia fractures accompanied by radial head fractures. These are rare. In this study, we report a rare variation of a Bado type IV Monteggia-equivalent lesion (fracture of proximal ulnar shaft, proximal radial shaft, and radial head) and its management.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2023

This study analyzes the changes in the physical properties of grout by irradiating it with ultrasonic energy and assesses the injectability of the grout into deep rock fractures. The materials used in the research are OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) and MC (Micro Cement), and are irradiated depending on the water/cement ratio. After irradiating the grout with ultrasonic energy, viscosity, compressive strength, and particle size are analyzed, and the results of the particle size analysis were applied to Nick Barton's theory to evaluate the injectability of the grout into deep rock fractures under those conditions. It was found that the viscosity of the grout decreased after ultrasonic wave irradiation, and the rate of viscosity reduction tended to decrease as the water/cement ratio increased. Additionally, an increase in compressive strength and a decrease in particle size were observed, indicating that the grout irradiated with ultrasonic energy was more effective for injection into rock fractures.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2002

도수로터널 주변 지역의 대수층에 대한 유동성 단열을 규명하기 위하여 야외시험이 실시되었다. 단열들에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 지표 지질조사 지질구조조사 및 초음파주사검층을 실시하였다. 지표에서의 단열발달은 퇴적암의 층리면과 층리절리 및 화강암류의 판상절리와 같은 저각의 경사를 가지는 부분과 75$^{\circ}$ 이상의 고각의 경사를 가지는 부분의 두 개의 뚜렷한 단열군으로 형성되어 있다. 층리절리와 판상절리의 평균 주향과 경사는 각각 N70-80$^{\circ}$W.25$^{\circ}$SW, N35$^{\circ}$W.12$^{\circ}$NE이다. 고각의 절리들은 퇴적암 지역에서는 N80$^{\circ}$W.70-85$^{\circ}$SW와 N$10^{\circ}$E.85$^{\circ}$SE 두 방향의 단열조가 우세하며, 화산암 및 화강암 지역은 N40-50$^{\circ}$.E 85$^{\circ}$SE/85$^{\circ}$NE, N70$^{\circ}$E.80$^{\circ}$SE, 그리고 N70-75$^{\circ}$W.80$^{\circ}$SW 방향의 단열조가 우세하게 발달한다. 초음파주사검층에 의하여 얻어진 시추공내의 단열들은 N60-80$^{\circ}$W.20-45$^{\circ}$SW, N10-35$^{\circ}$E.64-83$^{\circ}$SE, N40-65$^{\circ}$E.60-85$^{\circ}$SE, N70$^{\circ}$E.80$^{\circ}$SE, N60-80$^{\circ}$W.45-85SE/SW의 단열군들이 우세하다. 공내 수리전도도의 수직적인 분포를 파악하기 위하여 정압주입시험을 실시하였다. 계산된 수리전도도는 3.363E-10 m/sec 에서 2.731E-6 m/sec의 범위로서 최대값과 최소값은 4차수(four order)의 차이를 보였다. 단열대의 분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 지구물리검층을 실시하였고, 각 시험에 의해 획득된 결과들과의 비교를 통하여 유동성이 높은 단열들이 규명되었다. 온도검층은 유동성 단열과 일반적인 단열들을 구별하는 좋은 지시자로 나타났다. 그 결과, N70-80$^{\circ}$W.60-85$^{\circ}$NE/SW, N75-80$^{\circ}$W.25-30$^{\circ}$SW, N50-64$^{\circ}$W.60-85$^{\circ}$NE, N35-45$^{\circ}$E.65-75$^{\circ}$SE, 그리고 N65-72$^{\circ}$E.80$^{\circ}$SE/60$^{\circ}$NW의 단열들이 연구지역의 지하수 흐름을 지배하는 뚜렷한 유동성 단열로 규명되었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.207-225
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• 2003

우리나라의 광역단열도가 작성되었다. 단열들에 대해 장미그림을 그려보면 북북동, 북서, 서북서의 세조의 우세 배향을 보여준다. 단열의 밀도는 태백산 광화대 지역이 가장 높게 나타나고, 태백산지역에서 서울까지 지역, 문경-보은탄전지역과 진안지역, 충남탄전지역, 고령-함안지역, 양산단층 및 가음단층지역 등이 밀도가 높은 편이다. 사천-지리산-전주선의 서남부 지역이 밀도가 가장 낮다. 지질별로는 조선누층군, 평안누층군, 대동누층군, 경상누층군 등 비변성 퇴적암 지역이 선캠브리아 기반암과 쥬라기 화강암 분포지역에 비해 단열 발달 밀도가 높다. 또 쥬라기 화강암에 비해 선켐브리아 기반암에서 단열발달 빈도가 상대적으로 높다. 우리나라의 광역단열을 길이를 토대로 $F_1,{\;}F_2,{\;}F_3,{\;}F_4$의 4등급으로 분류하였다. 등급별 단열의 배향은 자기유사(self-similar)하다고 하겠고 단열의 길이에 대한 누적 수 사이엔 누승법칙(power law) 분포를 지시한다. 지구조 구역별로 볼 때 단열은 경기육괴 지역과 경상분지 지역에서는 $F_1$에서부터 $F_4$까지 모든 등급 단열이 발달하나 그 외 지역은 F$_1$ 단열이 거의 발달되지 않는다. 양산단층을 포함한 대규모 단열들은 대부분 일회의 단층운동에 의해 지금의 연장을 가졌다기보다는 다중변형작용을 통한 변위의 집적으로 지금과 같은 길이를 이루었다고 보아야할 것이다. $F_1$ 단열을 제외한 다른 등급의 단열은 우리나라 전지역을 통해 고르게 발달한다고 볼 수 있다. 또 단열의 밀도는 옥천비변성대에서 가장 높게 나타나고 충남분지와 경상분지도 비교적 높다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

Purpose: The goals of a blow-out fracture reconstruction are to restore the osseous continuity, provide support for the orbital contents and prevent functional and anatomic defects. Over the past several years, a range of autogenous and synthetic implants have been used extensively in orbital reconstructions. None of these implants have any absolute indications or contraindications in certain clinical settings. However, in extensive blow-out fractures, it is difficult to restore support of the orbital contents, which can cause more complications, such as enophthalmos. This study examined the clinical outcomes of extensive or comminuted blow-out fractures that were reconstructed by the simultaneous use of a titanium mesh plate and $Medpor^{(R)}$. Methods: Eighty six patients with extensive orbital fractures, who were admitted between March 1999 and February 2007, were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' chart and CT were inspected for review. Twenty three patients were operated on with both a titanium mesh plate (Matrix MIDFACE pre-formed orbital plate, Synthes, USA) and $Medpor^{(R)}$ (Porex, GA, USA). The patients underwent pre-operative CT scans to evaluate the fracture site and measure the area of the fracture. A transconjunctival approach was used, and titanium mesh plates were inserted subperiosteally with screw fixation. $Medpor^{(R)}$ was inserted above the titanium mesh plate. The patients were evaluated post-operatively for enophthalmos, diplopia, sensory disturbances and eyeball movement for a period of at least 6 months. Results: No implant-related complications were encountered during the follow-up period. Enophthalmos occurred in 1 patient, 1 patient had permanent sensory disturbance, and 3 patients complained of ocular pain and fatigue, which recovered without treatment. Although there were no significance differences between groups, the use of 2 implants had fewer complications. Therefore, it can be an alternative method for treating blow out fractures. Conclusion: The use of both a titanium mesh plate and $Medpor^{(R)}$ simultaneously may be a safe and acceptable technique in the reconstruction of extensive blow-out fractures.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical features of distal tibia fractures and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). Materials and Methods: From January 2004 to December 2009, 84 cases of 81 patients treated with plate fixation for distal tibia fracture were enrolled in this retrospective review. We investigated age, sex, injury mechanism, fracture patterns, and complications, and the clinical features were analyzed. To evaluate the treatment outcomes of MIPO, we divided into two groups. MIPO group consisted of 55 patients were treated with MIPO technique and conventional group consisted of 18 patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with conventional anterolateral plating. The results were compared between two groups by assessing bony union time, operation time, amount of blood loss, range of ankle motion, clinical score by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and post-operative complications. Results: The mean age of 81 patients with distal tibia fracture was 54.8 years. According to AO classification, A1:2:3 were 16, 20, 16 patients, B1:2:3 were 2, 8, 7, C1:2:3 were 1, 3, 11 patients. According to injury mechanism, slip down injury was patients, traffic accident was 26, fall from height injury was 14 patients respectively. The type A fractures were lower energy trauma and more older patients. The type C fractures were higher energy trauma and younger patients. MIPO group was better than conventional group in operative time, blood loss, bony union time, and ankle joint motion. In complications, MIPO group showed no nonunion and infection, one malunion, one skin necrosis, nine skin irritations, and one screw breakage. Conventional group showed two nonunion, four infections, two skin necrosis, and one metal failure. Conclusion: Distal tibial fractures caused by low energy trauma were on the increase. Minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis was shorter bony union time and operation time, less blood loss, and larger ankle motions than conventional open reduction and plate fixation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the result of the early exercise and rehabilitation after limited posterior operative treatment of the calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Between May 2005 and December 2007, 43 cases with intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated by open reduction with K-wires and Steinmann pins. Mean age and mean follow-up period were 42.5 years old and 15 months. All patients were treated with the same postoperative protocol, the early exercise of subtalar joint without short leg splint and cast was began after postoperative 1 day, non-weight bearing crutch ambulation did after 2 weeks, partial-weight bearing crutch ambulation did after 6 weeks, without crutch ambulation did after 10 weeks. The fractures was classified by Essex-Lopresti and Sanders classification using radiographs and the functional outcomes were evaluated by circle draw exercise, AOFAS score. Results: By Essex-Lopresti classification, the tongue type was 6 cases (14%), the joint depression type was 15 cases (35%), the combined type was 22 cases (51%). By Sanders classification, type II were 10 cases (23%), type III were 15 cases (58%), and type IV were 8 cases (19%). By AOFAS functional evaluation, the mean preoperative scores were 70.3 and 70.5 respectively, mean postoperative scores were 83.7 and 86.9 respectively. There were satisfactory results in 40 cases but 3 cases were unsatisfactory including on case of lateral impingement and 2 cases of traumatic arthritis of subtalar joint. Conclusion: We obtained satisfactory result of the early exercise of subtalar joint without short leg splint and cast and rehabilitation after limited posterior operative treatment of the calcaneal fractures.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

Purpose: Missing cervical pathology after injury may lead to disability and influence long-term survival. Controversies continue to evolve concerning the initial screening methods used to predict cervical spine injury. Through a retrospective chart review, we attempted to analyze and propose factors predictive of cervical trauma. Methods: Of all the patients who had visited the Emergency Department of Korea University, from January 2009 to December 2009, a retrospective review of the clinical records of the 217 patients who had undergone cervical spine computed tomography was done. We investigated whether we could predict the need for cervical spine computed tomography shortly after presentation in trauma patients by comparing the group with fractures and group without fractures and by finding risk factors showing significant differences between the two groups that might be used as guides in decision making. Results: Of the 217 subjects who underwent cervical spine computed tomography scans, 33 were identified with fractures of the cervical spine while 184 were not. The most common mechanisms of trauma, in order, for those with fractures were falls, followed by traffic accidents. We found that the injury severity score, multiple injuries, a high-energy injury mechanism, neurologic deficit, and pain and tenderness of the cervical spine showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Fractures of the cervical spine that are not observed with simple radiography occur with a relatively high frequency in trauma patients. Consideration should be given to the risk factors for cervical spine fracture, and if pertinent, cervical spine computed tomography should be performed with speed for early diagnosis of cervical spine fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to reveal the factors leading to the problem of unilateral condylar fractures and suggest a treatment guideline of treatment for good prognosis in surgical treatment. The factors can be age, sex, fracture site, degree of displacement, posterior occlusion loss, post-operative alteration of condylar head position, post-operative condylar head resorption, and maxillomandibular fixation period. One hundred and eleven patients with unilateral condylar fractures, who were treated by surgical method from 1990 Feb. to 2000 Feb., were studied. Minimum follow-up period was 6 months. The results were as follows ; 1. In the age group of $41{\sim}60$, females had significantly higher complication rate than males, therefore we must be careful about treatment of female in this age group 2. In level I fractures of the mandibular condyle, because there were abundant complications when the patients were treated with fragment removal, conservative treatment is recommended over the surgical approach. 3. There were no differences in the complication rate, in the level II, III fractures. but were severe complications in the cases of patients treated by Dr.Nam's method or fragment removal. Therefore, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended over Dr.Nam's method or fragment removal. 4. In level IV fractures, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended 5. Although there was a higher complication rate depending on the degree of deviation, there was no correlation between the degree of deviation and development of complications in each level of fracture 6. Because the complication rate was higher in cases of condylar resorption, vertical dimension loss, and alteration of condylar head position, we must make an effort to prevent such complications during treatment