• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.557-568
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• 2019

Accurate modeling of contact interface in bolted joints is crucial in predicting the dynamic behavior for bolted assemblies under external load. This paper presents a contact pressure distribution based non-uniform virtual material method to describe the joint interface of assembly structure, which is connected by sparsely distributed multi-bolts. Firstly, the contact pressure distribution of bolted joints is obtained by the nonlinear static analysis in the finite element software ANSYS. The contact surface around bolt hole is divided into several sub-layers, and contact pressure in each sub-layer is thought to be evenly. Then, considering multi-asperity contact at the micro perspective, the relationship between contact pressure and interfacial virtual material parameters for each sub-layer is established by using the fractal contact theory. Finally, an experimental platform for the dynamic characteristics testing of a beam lap structure with double-bolted joint is constructed to validate the efficiency of proposed method. It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental results by impact response in both time- and frequency-domain, and the relative errors of the first four natural frequencies are less than 1%. Furthermore, the presented model is used to examine the effect of rough contact surface on dynamic characteristics of bolted joint.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.354-367
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• 2020

본 연구는 국내외 문헌검토를 통한 미술치료와 프랙탈의 적용 범위의 고찰에 관한 것이다. 복잡계는 유클리드계와는 상반된 개념으로 경계가 모호하고 분산적인 현상을 보이는 동시대를 이해하는데 적합한 개념이다. 자연의 기하학인 프랙탈의 자기 유사성과 창발성은 나무줄기, 구름, 식물뿐 아니라 미술에서는 프랙탈 아트로 활용되며, 특히 미술치료에서 프랙탈은 만다라와 신경과학의 분야에서 활용 가능한 것으로 검토된다. 뇌기반 연구를 포함하여 만다라, 자연 패턴 노출, 프랙탈 분석을 통한 임상적 진단과 소프트웨어 개발에 이르기까지 프랙탈은 미술치료에서 개발 가능한 잠재적 요소를 지닌다. 이러한 특성상 컴퓨터와 연동이 용이한 프랙탈은 코로나 바이러스로 비대면이 권장되는 현시점에 필요한 연구라고 볼 수 있다. 현재 국내에서는 프랙탈 미술치료 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 프랙탈을 활용한 미술치료를 이용하여 임상현장에서 과학적이고 객관적인 진단도구와 치료를 위한 근거 자료로 제시하고자 한다.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2023

본 리뷰 논문에서는 일반 접촉 역학 이론과 더불어 유기탄성체 마찰에 관한 이론 및 배경을 소개한다. 특히 Greenwood & Williamson 접촉 역학 이론을 확장하여 거친 표면을 자기-아핀(self-affine) 특성으로 고려한 접촉 역학 및 마찰의 수학적 모델을 제시한 Klüppel & Heinrich 이론을 중심으로 유기탄성체 복합재료의 마찰 거동에 대해 살펴본다. 자기-아핀 특성에 의한 노면의 멀티스케일 거칠기로 인해 미끄러짐 마찰 시 유기탄성체 복합재료는 다양한 주파수에 따른 동적 변형이 가해지며 이때 재료가 나타내는 점탄성이 마찰 거동에 주요한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 유기탄성체 복합재료의 비선형 점탄성을 고려하여 광범위한 주파수 영역에서의 점탄성 거동인 마스터커브를 구축하는 원리 및 방법을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 유기탄성체 복합재료 마찰 이론을 타이어 트레드 컴파운드와 노면 간의 마찰에 응용한 실험적 결과와 그 물리적 의미를 이론과 접목하여 설명하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

This paper presents the analysis of friction master curves for a sliding elastomer on rough granite. The hysteresis friction is calculated using an analytical model that considers the energy spent during the local deformation of the rubber due to surface asperities. The adhesion friction is also considered for dry friction prediction. The viscoelastic modulus of the rubber compound and the large-strain effective modulus are obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). We accurately demonstrate the large strain of rubber that contacts with road substrate using the GW theory. We found that the rubber block deforms approximately to 40% strain. In addition, the viscoelastic master curve considering nonlinearity (at 40% strain) is derived based on the above finding. As viscoelasticity strongly depends on temperature, it can be assumed that the influence of velocity on friction is connected to the viscoelastic shift factors gained from DMA using the time-temperature superposition. In this study, we apply these shift factors to measure friction on dry granite over a velocity range for various temperatures. The measurements are compared to simulated hysteresis and adhesion friction using the Kluppel friction theory. Although friction results in the low-speed band match well with the simulation results, there are differences in the predicted and experimental results as the velocity increases. Thus, additional research is required for a more precise explanation of the viscoelastic material properties for better prediction of rubber friction characteristics.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2022

During bolted flange assembly, the contact stiffness of some areas of the joint surface may be low due to the elastic interaction. In order to improve the contact stiffness at the lowest position of bolted flange, the correlation model between the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established in this paper. According to the stress distribution model of a single bolt, an assumption of uniform local contact stiffness of bolted flange is made. Moreover, the joint surface is divided into the compressive stress region and the elastic interaction region. Based on the fractal contact theory, the relationship model of contact stiffness and contact force of the joint surface is proposed. Considering the elastic interaction coefficient method, the correlation model of the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established. This model can be employed to reverse determine the tightening strategy of the bolt group according to working conditions. As a result, this provides a new idea for the digital design of tightening strategy of bolt group for contact stiffness of bolted flange. The tightening strategy of the bolted flange is optimized by using the correlation model of initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange. After optimization, the average contact stiffness of the joint surface increased by 5%, and the minimum contact stiffness increased by 6%.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2014

This study predicts the of the hysteretic friction of a rubber block sliding on an SMA asphalt road. The friction of filled rubber on a rough surface is primarily determined by two elements:the viscoelasticity of the rubber and the multi-scale perspective asperities of the road. The surface asperities of the substrate exert osillating forces on the rubber surface leading to energy dissipation via the internal friction of the rubber when rubber slides on a hard and rough substrate. This study defines the power spectra at different length scales by using a high-resolution surface profilometer, and uses rubber and road surface samples to conduct friction tests. I consider in detail the case when the substrate surface has a self affine fractal structure. The theory developed by Persson is applied to describe these tests through comparison with the hysteretic friction coefficient relevant to the energy dissipation of the viscoelastic rubber attributable to cyclic deformation. The results showed differences in the absolute values of predicted and measured friction, but with high correlation between these values. Hence, the friction prediction model is an appropriate tool for separating the effects of each factor. Therefore, this model will contribute to clearer understanding of the fundamental principles of rubber friction.