• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.323-328
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• 2001

Anterior open bite is one in which the teeth in the anterior portion of the maxilla and mandible are vertically apart and lack the overlapping necessary for the incisive function when the mandible is in closed position. Anterior open bite is a result of the interaction of many different etiologic factors including thumb and finger sucking, lip and tongue habits, airway obstruction, skeletal growth abnormalities and its tendency may appear with any type of skeletal patterns, such as Class I, II or III malocclusion types. Though the treatment methods for anterior open bite are various, the conventional FR-4, designed by Rolf Fr$\"{a}$nkel, is known to be effective in treating open bite cases with Class I or II skeletal patterns. It is due to that an incidence of skeletal Class II is high in the Occidentals, and open bite is accompanied by these malocclusion type in many cases. However, an incidence of skeletal Class III is high in the Orientals, and open bite is sometimes accompanied by skeletal Class III in many cases. Although the use of the conventional FR-4 was effective in the treatment of open bite, skeletal Class III would be worsened. So, a modified FR-4(placing the labial bow in the lower, the labial pads in the upper) was designed for the treatment of patients showing skeletal Class III and open bite.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.398-405
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• 1998

This study investigated to the stability of open car parks below $600^{\circ}C$, as to predict behavior of bare FR steel structure noosed to fire. Especially, This study evaluated deformation of steel structure members of open car parks, considering change of material property by temperature. From the numerical analysis, we know the fact that the deformations comparing of standard values are stable to use the FR steel below 600 $^{\circ}C$ in open car parks plan

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 2001

We introduce the new concepts of some fuzzy continuous and closed mappings and study their properties. Also we investigate the properties of fuzzy mildly normal spaces.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce closure operators [${\cdot}$]c and [${\cdot}$]a on a space and study some relations among [${\cdot}$]c, [${\cdot}$]a and countable tightness. We introduce the concepts of a strongly sequentially closed set and a strongly sequentially open set and show that a space X has countable tightness if and only if every strongly sequentially closed set is closed if and only if every strongly sequentially open set is open. Finally we find a generalization of the weak Fr$\'{e}$chet-Urysohn property which is equivalent to countable tightness.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1545-1549
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• 2003

Broiler chickens were subjected to (i) pre-treatment for 24 h with 1,200 ppm L-ascorbic acid in their drinking water on day 42 (AA), (ii) 60% feed restriction on days 4, 5 and 6 (FR), (iii) combination of AA and FR (AAFR), or (iv) neither treatment (control). On day 43, the birds were crated and transported in an open truck for either 60 min or 120 min. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HLR) were determined prior to ($T_0$) and 20 h following the 60 min ($T_60$) and 120 min ($T_120$) journeys. Prior to transportation, all treatment groups had similar HLR. Following $T_60$, the AAFR chicks had smaller increase in HLR than their control, AA and FR counterparts. The AA, FR and AAFR birds exhibited lower HLR than controls following $T_120$. The means HLR of AA, FR and AAFR did not differ significantly. Irrespective of journey time, AA and AAFR birds had shorter tonic immobility duration than their FR and control counterparts. The tonic immobility duration of all birds increased with journey duration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the effects of the fascial distortion model (FDM), foam rolling (FR), and self-stretching (SS) on the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). Methods: Thirty subjects who had no more than 30° of ankle dorsiflexion ROM at the weight-bearing lunge test were recruited in this study. They were divided into three groups: (FDM, FR, and SS), and underwent each intervention for five minutes. Before and after the intervention, the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in the supine (the open-) and standing (the closed-kinetic chain) of the subjects were tested. The changes in the ROM between pre- and post-intervention and among the groups were analyzed. Results: All groups showed increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM after the intervention in both positions. In the position of the open kinetic chain, the changes in the ROM between pre- and post-intervention had significant differences among the groups, and the FDM was higher than the FR and SS. In the position of the closed kinetic chain, the ROM after the interventions and the changes in the ROM had significant differences among the groups, and FDM was higher than the FR (ROM after the intervention, the change in ROM) and SS (the change in ROM). Conclusion: These findings showed that FDM had more efficiency than the FR and SS as FDM had a stronger effect on increasing ankle dorsiflexion in a short, limited time. Clinicians who have limited time to treat their patients, particularly trying to increase ankle dorsiflexion ROM, should consider the application of FDM.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) causes severe losses to various legume species and a number of non-legume species, particularly freesia plants. In a survey of virus diseases in Gyeonggi province, Korea, BYMV isolates were identified from many cultivated freesia species. Here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a BYMV freesia isolate (BYMV-Fr; accession number FJ492961). BYMV-Fr genome consists of 9,545 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly (A) tail and encodes 3,057 amino acid (aa), with an AUG start and UAG stop codon, containing one open reading frame typical of a potyvirus polyprotein. The polyprotein of BYMV-Fr was divided to ten proteins and the cleavage sites of each protein were determined. The coat protein (CP) and polyprotein of BYMV-Fr were compared at the aa level with those of the previously reported 4 BYMV isolates. BYMV-Fr shared 90.1 to 97.1 and 91.0 to 92.5% at the CP and polyprotein homology. Interestingly, BYMV-Fr showed identities of a lower level at the nt level of 5' noncoding region (61.4 to 67.6%) and at the aa level of P1 (71.4 to 72.8%), comparing with four BYMV isolates. Based on the aa sequence diversity of CP and polyprotein, phylogenetic analysis with the four BYMV isolates showed two distinct groups and BYMV-Fr and most BYMV isolates were most closely related to the clover yellow vein virus among 52 potyviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence of BYMV freesia strain.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.525-531
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of upstream Froude number ($Fr_1$), weir height (h), weir length (L), weir width (W) and main channel width (B) on the discharge coefficient of broad crested side-weirs in a relatively wide rectangular open channel were investigated experimentally. Furthermore the relationship between discharge coefficients of sharp crested side weir and broad crested side weir was studied using the concept of De Marchi discharge coefficient. The effect of $Fr_1$ on the relationship between discharge coefficients of sharp crested side weir and broad crested side weir is decreased in wide open channel and the relative importance of other influential parameters like h/$y_1$, L/B, and W/($y_1-h$) are increased. New estimated equations for the discharge coefficients of broad crested side weir are suggested from regression analysis with the experiment data sets.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.449-458
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• 2008

This study is investigating experimentally the effect of upstream Froude number, weir height, weir length, and main channel width on the discharge coefficient of rectangular sharp crested side-weirs under subcritical flow conditions in a relatively wide rectangular open channel based on the De Marchi discharge coefficient $C_M$. The effects of four main influential parameters found by dimensional analysis, $Fr_1$, $h/y_1$, L/B, and $L/y_1$ are examined by the flume tests. New estimated equations for the discharge coefficients of sharp-crested side-weir are suggested based on the experimental results. The effect of $Fr_1$ for the discharge coefficient of sharp crested side weir is decreased in wide open channel and the relative importance of other influential parameters like $h/y_1$, L/B, and $L/y_1$ are increased. Also, the experimental results are compared with the results of other studies to extend the applicability of pre-suggested formulas for sharp-crested side-weir discharge coefficient.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

A computer program is developed for the prediction of the flow pattern and the removal efficiency of suspended solid (SS) in a circular secondary clarifier. In this study the increased density effect by SS on hydrodynamics has been systematically investigated in terms of Froude Number (Fr), baffle existence, and a couple of important empirical models associated with the particle settling and Reynolds stresses. A control-volume based-finite difference method by Patankar is employed together with the SIMPLEC algorithm for the resolution of pressure-velocity coupling. The k-ε turbulence and its modified version are incorporated for the evaluation of Reynolds stresses. The calculation results predicts well the overall flow pattern such as the waterfall phenomenon at the front end of the clarifier and the bottom density current with the formation of strong recirculation especially for the case of decrease of Fr. Even if there are some noticeable differences in the prediction of two turbulence models, the calculated results of the radial velocity profiles are generally in good agreement against experimental data appeared in open literature. Parametric investigation has been systematically made with the Fr and baffle condition with detailed analysis.