• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

The contents of this study are as follows. First, an academic understanding has been achieved by exploring the theoretical concept "allegory", and a new theoretical approached methodology has been sought. Second, an analysis-index of fashion illustration cases has been suggested based on the allegory theory of Craig Owens. Third, in order to draw the characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint and find out its feasibility, the case studies has been referred and the internal significance, external significance that combines different characteristics has been extracted. In regards to this study method, literature studies and case studies has been done in parallel with each other. This study was done in the following sequence: the establishment of the study system, the drawing of the allegory-associated concepts and the discovering the characteristics of aesthetic expressions. The results of this study on the expression characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint of Craig Owens are as follows. First, the borrowing of image, which is a characteristic of allegory, contains the meaning of uncertainty in the fashion illustration as it expresses the image-synthesis and forms a completely different meaning as the fixed meaning is dissolved and it is utilized as a photo-montage technique. Second, the inference of pictogram is the mixture of linguistic medium and visual medium. Fashion illustration utilizes the characters and transmits the fashion information visually and immanently. It has the characteristic of making the information into pictograms and the internal significances of mutual-text with communication function. Third, the uniqueness of location in the fashion illustration has the special nature of utilized mediums as it is used for advertising or publicizing. The fashion illustration from the viewpoint of allegory has the impermanency of existing only for a limited time and reflects the coincidence that gives the meaning of utilized location according to the season trend. Fourth, the cross-breeding is expressed as the mixture of various materials in the fashion illustration. The expressions made by the mixture of media, such as the use of computer graphic programs mixed together with various materials showed the trend of diversity and genre dissolution.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2012

In Ubiquitous era. architecture is not the old building adapting ubiquitous technology. In order to take the role as new architectural paradigm in space, environment and technology, it has to develop technology continuously and experimental architecture at the same time. it must have co-evolution of architectural field and others through organic network. by that, the evolution of space will be in the way that combines space which is responded to human emotion and user-centric human-friendly. It will be the new paradigm of Ubiquitous digital space. Digital technology resulted in a change to a society as well as to the life of human and its way of thinking. Due to those changes, new terms or concepts come out and a new meaning is added to the conventional concepts. This aims to examine type of spatial contexts for interaction design experience. This study is performed through Literature research for theory by interactive space and case studies for construction elements to design. The range of case study is limited to interaction space in addition of interactive elements and user interface. And analysis conclusion is show the many type, First, Interactive space has special purpose for make a interaction by intelligent elements.(sensor, program, algorithm, New-technology) Second, Interactive space was cooperation with various professional for space purpose. Third. Interactive space is self-develop by algorithm, program, sensor network and that is harmonize with user. finally. Interaction space is show the temper elements about allness, metastatic, activeness, liquidity, relationship. That was written by ecological theory.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.209-229
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• 2021

Recently, the tourism industry faced a crisis due to COVID-19. Smart tourism that combines information and communication technology (ICT) is rapidly growing to overcome the crisis in the tourism industry. In order to revitalize the tourism industry after COVID-19, such as non-face-to-face and non-contact, smart tourism incorporating information and communication technology (ICT) is actively encouraged and promoted. The purpose of this study is to empirically verify how perceived pleasure, perceived awakening, and perceived domination, which are three important variables of emotional response theory, affect the intention to continue use through perceived usefulness, expectation, and satisfaction. The survey was conducted for two weeks from November 1 to 15, 2020. A total of 175 surveys were collected during the period and used for analysis. As a result of the study, first, perceived pleasure did not significantly affect perceived usefulness, expectation, satisfaction, and intention to continue use. Second, perceived awakening had a significant effect on expectations, but did not significantly affect perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and continued use intention. Third, perceived domination had a significant effect on perceived usefulness, expectation, and continued use intention. However, it did not significantly affect satisfaction. Fourth, perceived usefulness did not significantly affect satisfaction. Fifth, expectations had a significant effect on perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Sixth, satisfaction had a significant effect on the intention to continue use. Through this, companies and developers that provide online review content for aviation and hotels should know what part of the content is actually focused on and provide it to customers. In addition, content should be provided in consideration of the emotional aspects that aviation and hotel online review users feel while watching videos.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the educational traits of Sinchan Kyoyukhak(新撰敎育學) which was the first western education textbook of Hansung Normal School(漢城師範學校) since 1895. The result of this study is as follows;First, the subject of education was firstly regulated by the Act of Hansung Normal School(漢城師範學校規則:1895.7.23). Second, even though this book was authored by the Japanese, Kimura Tomoji(木村知治), it is published for the textbook of Hansung Normal School and I presume that he is one of the employed foreigner by the Joseon Dynasty. Third, this textbook was effected more by the trend of utilitarianism of Spencer and Pestalozzi than that of Herbart's theory which is concerned to the teaching method. Fourth, the theory of three fostering of Sinchan Kyoyukhak(fostering the virtue, wisdom, and physical body) is connected with the Royal Doctrine for Building State(敎育立國詔書) by Kojong(fostering the virtue, physical body and wisdom) in 1895, but the order of those are not the same.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.151-166
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• 2019

This paper introduces a new efficient analytical method, based on shear deformations obtained with 2D elasticity theory approach, to perform an explicit closed-form solution for calculation the interfacial shear and normal stresses in plated RC beam. The materials of plate, necessary for the reinforcement of the beam, are in general made with fiber reinforced polymers (Carbon or Glass) or steel. The experimental tests showed that at the ends of the plate, high shear and normal stresses are developed, consequently a debonding phenomenon at this position produce a sudden failure of the soffit plate. The interfacial stresses play a significant role in understanding this premature debonding failure of such repaired structures. In order to efficiently model the calculation of the interfacial stresses we have integrated the effect of shear deformations using the equilibrium equations of the elasticity. The approach of this method includes stress-strain and strain-displacement relationships for the adhesive and adherends. The use of the stresses continuity conditions at interfaces between the adhesive and adherents, results pair of second-order and fourth-order coupled ordinary differential equations. The analytical solution for this coupled differential equations give new explicit closed-form solution including shear deformations effects. This new solution is indented for applications of all plated beam. Finally, numerical results obtained with this method are in agreement of the existing solutions and the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1989

Cooking practice is keenly related to not only the betterment of family health but to the improvement of dietary life. Cooking is a kind of practical skill and one is skill in it by repeated practice. The aim of cooking practice in school is to fix cooking method practically and scientifically, to acquire cooking skill. To achieve this aim there are many unrecognized or unsolved problems in the first-line schools. The problems and efficient ways of cooking practice in the middle and high school are as follows； 1. The aim of cooking practice： It should be first of all remembered that the practice is so practical that the knowledge and skill of cooking should be related to the future domestic life. Second, the practice should be able to serve the communal and national life by scientifying and improving life. 2. The content of the practice： First, it should be so arranged step by step that the content of each year should not be repeated. Second, the ratio of Korean cooking practice should be increased and the material of the practice should be chosen in consideration of the peculiarity of the community, seasons and economical problems so that it may be applied to the very day life. Third, to improve dietary life, the practice should be a way of the simplification of dietary life, of the nutritional efficiency. Forth, for the betterment of physical condition of the family the practice should involve balanced dietary plans and dietary therapy. 3. Teaching method： First, the practice should be scientific and comprehensive in consideration of not only cooking skills but also knowledge of nutrition. Second, micro-class system should be adopted, and practice labor should be allotted each student to develop cooperative attitude and the sense of responsibility. Third, in addition to the practice conducted in a body, comparative cooking, applicable cooking and experimental ability and the content of the text. Fourth, teachers should let the students examine and find problems by bringing them to a focus on the basis of theory. 4. Administration method： First, the practice schedule should be planned that a class has practices at least more than twice a semester. Second, two hours of class should be continued without cessation after beforehand survey and theory study. Third, facilities and utensils for practice should be enlarged. That is, cooking practice rooms, tools, utensils should be prepared. Fourth, enough cost of practice should be secured. The above mentioned points show the present situation and problems with which cooking practice teaching is confronted. In order to normalize cooking practice teaching, the first-line schools should give the above mentioned problems their careful consideration and improve the present situation so that efficient, creative, practical cooking practice will be possible.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1989

This study was conducted to gather the baseline data on realities of experimental-practice and opinions toward spot-practice, and to examine how to cope with the problems raised at the Department of Food and Nutrition of Junior Technical College in Korea. Questionnaires were gathered from 42 chairmans of the Department of Food and Nutrition and 140 Present dieticians worked in Seoul, Bucheon am Seongnam area. The results are as follows, First, as a whole, each college had 2~3 experimental laboratory (Lab), in which Cooking Science Lab. Chemistry Lab and Microbiology Lab were occurred at higher frequency as Lab's name. Second, the numbers per experimental-practice class were more than 40 at most colleges. 85% of Present dieticians have answered to feel too much numbers per the class during their college days, whereas professors' opinions toward the numbers per class were suitable at 20~30 persons per class. Third, professors' opinion toward the adquate ratio of the theory subject classes to experimental subject classes was suitable at 60 : 40. Dieticians answered to take the theory subject classes partly or mostly on behalf of the experimental-practice classes. Fourth, the main reasons which inhibited normal experimental-practice class were the class for emphasis on examination, the shortage of experiment budget, the excess of class members, the shortage of experimental Lab Also, this results showed same propensity to present dieticians' opinion toward the same question above. Fifth, among the experimenta1-practice subjects established at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Diet Therapy Lab was highest frequency class emphasized on theory followed by Nutrition Counselling Lab, Food Processing and Storage Lab, Food Hygiene Lab and Food Microbiology Lab in that order. Here, Basic Chemistry Lab, Biochemistry Lab, Food Microbiology Lab were pointed as subjects far from the present task of dieticians. Sixth, Department of Food and Nutrition, as a whole, has conferred with spot-practice arrangement About 50% (all who want to join spot-practice) of second year students took part in spot-practice. In the other way, all colleges except for 2 colleges didn't give the credit for the spot-practice system. Seventh, according to the on analysis on spot-practice places, manufacturing company was at highest frequcney followed by hospitals, elementary school having group feeding system in that order. Especially, 16.7% (5 colleges) of the total colleges sent the students to the research institute related to food industry for spot-practice experience. Eighth, Professors' opinions toward the spot-practice time and period were preferable on summer vacation of second year and for 1~2 weeks, respectively. On the contrary, 74 dieticians answered to the adquate period as for 4 weeks. Ninth, 86 dieticians of the total 140 answered to complete the spot-practice during their college days, which helps the present task of them. Lacks of spot-practice program, Lacks of comprehension of upper personals and lacks of group feeding equipments ranks higher as difficulties in spot-practice management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.16
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• pp.221-229
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• 1991

This thesis aims at reviewing the wearing aspect and formation of Chosun ceremonial dresses for meal and finding out the thought reflected by them from the standpoint that dresses themselves should be taken as one of the phenomena in culture. That is men's ceremonial costumes and confucian costumes of the royal family and the gentry family in Chosun is reviewed focused on the formation and the wearing aspect of Po, Which is a kind of them. And in the context of the phase of the times. I also considered the thoughts reflected on the clothes such as confucianism, Ying & Yang Theory, and the symbol and the thoughts of patterns in relation to the clothes. Confucian influence was the main force for the Chosun prohibitions for clothes. The major reasons for the prohibitions for clothes were as follows. First, they reflected confucian Chung myoung chooui(the principle that everything should be where it belongs). That is the prohibitions for clothes were used in the means to maintain feudalistic social order. influenced by social rank system. Second, they reflected confucian ethics in the means to recover social disciplines with the maintenance of traditional customs. This shows well in the restriction of luxurious items in dressing included the prohibitions for clothes. Third, they reflected Chosun's toadysm toward China. With the influx of Chinese style of dressing then government even changed the style of uniforms for public officials into that of Chinese resulting in dual styles of dressing. Ying & Yan Theory greatly affected the colors of Korean clothes and reflected toadysm toward China. too. The theory was embodied by prohibition of such colors for clothes as white, gray, and jade green. I reviewed the twelve patterns on Myunpok, Ten-Longivity patterns and Four-Gracious plants patterns in order to analyze the symbolism and thoughts of patterns for clothes. Nansam, Dopo, and Shimui worn by confucian scholars ensures that those clothes bears confucianism and philosopical factors. As shimui was worn by many people it appears in Chosun scholars' studies and a Chinese book called "Yeki". I reviewed the origin, procession, and ornaments of four ceremonial clothes and tried to find out the confucianism in them. First, In Kwanrei (the coming-of-age ceremony) remained ancestor worship and respect for manners. The clothes for this ceremony granted the rights and responsibilities of and adult to the wearer. The royal Kwanreipok had different dresses for each rank. As Samgapok, the crown prince wore Iksunkwan and Konryongpo for the first ritual, Wonryukwan and Kangsapo for the second, and Myunrukwan and Konpok for the third. The rank of the King's grandson was lower than the crown prince's. This example shows that Chosun people respected manners and thought the basic confucianism "God and people are equal." at the Royal court. Second, as Honreipok(wedding gown), the crown prince wore Myunrukwan and Konpok for Daereipok, Wonyukwan and Kangsapo for Napjing and Tongwoo, and Iksunkwan and Konryongpo for Chekbinui. But common people were allowed to wear an official outfit only for wedding in the means of congratulation on the most important day of their life. Wedding gowns which reflected Ying and Yang Theory emphasized the thought that union of a man and a wife is the most important event in life. Third, Sangrei(funeral) was the last ritual of a human being to send off the deceased. The mourning dresses expressed lamentation of the people left behind. Five-Dress-System for each the relative degree of familarity showed the solemnity and formality, which represented the formality of confucianism and ancestor worship. I reviewed the mourning dresses by dividing them into royal, Yangban's, and commons. They were featured by the fact that there was only one style for every walk of life. It is construed that anyone in mourning can wear the same clothes since he feels the same way regardless of his social rank. Fourth, Chereipok(sacrificial rite dresses) had different styles for each social rank. The King wore Myunpok(Kuryumyun and Kujangpok) were recorded to be worn first in the fourth year of King Taecho's ruling. The crown prince wore Palryumyun and Chiljangpok for sacrificial rite dress which was finally settled when King Sejong was in power. Common people wore Dopo, Shimui for the rite dress in the beginning of the Chosun Era and wore Dopo after Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. In conclusion, confucianism played the main role in ceremonial dress system of Chosun and that was because it emphasized the ethics of action in life, which was different from other religions. It is true that cause-oriented thoughts and Chung myoung chooui in confucianism drove all ceremonies to extreme manners, discriminating the people who belonged to the lower social rank, and resulting in extremly luxurious life style. However, they also created a unique trend and clothes culture in the Chosun Era. I wish that this thesis provieds important information and direction for furthur studies in the future.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a teaching program in consideration of the geometrical thinking levels of students to make a contribution to teaching figures effectively. To do this, we checked the geometrical thinking levels of fourth-graders, developed a teaching program based on van Hiele's theory, and investigated its effect on their geometrical thinking levels. The teaching program based on van Hiele's theory put emphasis on group member interaction and specific activities through offering various geometrical experiences. It contributed to actualizing activity-centered, student-oriented, inquiry-oriented and inductive instruction instead of sticking to expository, teacher-led and deductive instruction. And it consequently served to improving their geometrical thinking levels, even though some students didn't show any improvement and one student was rather degraded in that regard - but in the former case they made partial progress though there was little marked improvement, and in the latter case she needs to be considered in relation to her affective aspects above all. The findings of the study suggest that individual variances in thinking level should be recognized by teachers. Students who are at a lower level should be given easier tasks, and more challenging tasks should be assigned to those who are at an intermediate level in order for them to have a positive self-concept about mathematics learning and ultimately to foster their thinking levels.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

It is never an easy task to physically randomize the sequence of cards. For instance, US 1970 draft lottery resulted in a social turmoil since the outcome sequence of 366 birthday numbers showed a significant relationship with the input order (Wikipedia, "Draft Lottery 1969", Retrieved 2009/05/01). We are motivated by Laplace's 1825 book titled Philosophical Essay on Probabilities that says "Suppose that the numbers 1, 2, ..., 100 are placed, according to their natural ordering, in an urn, and suppose further that, after having shaken the urn, to shuffle the numbers, one draws one number. It is clear that if the shuffling has been properly done, each number will have the same chance of being drawn. But if we fear that there are small differences between them depending on the order in which the numbers were put into the urn, we can decrease these differences considerably by placing these numbers in a second urn in the order in which they are drawn from the first urn, and then shaking the second urn to shuffle the numbers. These differences, already imperceptible in the second urn, would be diminished more and more by using a third urn, a fourth urn, &c." (translated by Andrew 1. Dale, 1995, Springer. pp. 35-36). Laplace foresaw what would happen to us in 150 years later, and, even more, suggested the possible tool to handle the problem. But he did omit the detailed arguments for the solution. Thus we would like to write the supplement in modern terms for Laplace in this research note. We formulate the problem with a lottery box model, to which Markov chain theory can be applied. By applying Markov chains repeatedly, one expects the uniform distribution on k states as stationary distribution. Additionally, we show that the probability of even-number of successes in binomial distribution with trials and the success probability $\theta$ approaches to 0.5, as n increases to infinity. Our theory is illustrated to the cases of truncated geometric distribution and the US 1970 draft lottery.