• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.167-174
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• 1994

The creep behavior and creep fracture of alumina at high temperature were investigated under four point flexural test. The steady-state creep behavior was observed at low bending stress and the primary creep until fracture was observed at high bending stress. The loading history of bending stress did not affect on the steady-stated creep rate. Intergranular fracture was dominant for fracture of alumina at room and high temperature. However, transgranular fracture was dominant on creep fracture of alumina under high temperature by nuclueation and growth of microcracks due to residual flaws or cavities in the material.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

To evaluate the bending collapse behavior of an aluminum square tube, a finite element simulation for the four-point bending test was suggested. Local buckling deformation near the center of an aluminum tube specimen was induced which has been partly inserted by two steel bars. Simulation results showed good agreements with those of experiment.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.543-551
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• 1994

The creep behavior and creep fracture of sintered alumina at high temperature were investigated under four point flexural test. Steady-state creep behavior was observed at low bending stress and primary creep until fracture was observed at hish bending stress. The loading history of bending stress did not affect on steady-state creep rate. Intergranular fracture was dominant for fracture of alumina at room and high temperature. However, transgranular fracture was dominant on creep of alumina under high temperature by nucleation and growth of microcracks due to residual flaws or cavities in the material.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2013

반도체센서의 응력에 따른 전기적 특성을 프로브 스테이션 위에서 측정하기 위해 소형 4점 굽힘 장치를 개발하였다. 4점 굽힘 장치는 $60{\times}83mm^2$의 면적을 갖는 소형 장치로 마이크로미터를 통해 정확한 변위를 인가함으로서 가해진 응력을 구할 수 있다. 유한요소해석법을 사용하여 기기의 오차를 예측하고 정밀도를 향상하였다. 실험적으로는 4점 굽힘 장치로 인가된 응력을 검증하기 위해 스트레인 게이지로 검증하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.229-247
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• 2014

A numerical study of the influence of shear-span/depth ratio on the cohesive crack fracture parameters and double - K fracture parameters of concrete is carried out in this paper. For the study the standard bending specimen geometry loaded with four point bending test is used. For four point loading, the shear - span/depth ratio is varied as 0.4, 1 and 1.75 and the ao/D ratio is varied from 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 for laboratory specimens having size range from 100 - 500 mm. The input parameters for determining the double - K fracture parameters are taken from the developed fictitious crack model. It is found that the cohesive crack fracture parameters are independent of shear-span/depth ratio. Further, the unstable fracture toughness of double-K fracture model is independent of shear-span/depth ratio whereas, the initial cracking toughness of the material is dependent on the shear-span/depth ratio.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.185.1-185.1
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 젯 프린팅 시스템을 이용하여 graphene이 올려져 있는 유연성 있는 PET 기판 위에 Ag 용액을 그리드로 간격에 따라 타진하였다. Ag 그리드 간격을 200 um, 300 um, 400 um, 500 um로 증가시켰으며, 이때 UV/Vis spectrometry, four-point probe를 이용하여 전기적, 광학적 특성을 분석하였다. Graphene/Ag-grid 하이브리드 투명전극은 그리드 간격 400 um에서 21Ohm/sq.의 면저항과 550 nm에서 84.08%의 투과도를 확인하였다. 또한, graphene/Ag-grid 하이브리드 투명전극의 기계적 응력에 따른 전기적 안정성을 알아보기 위해 radius에 따른 bending, fatigue test와 twist bending, rolling test를 진행하였다. Fatigue bending은 speed 30 mm/s, outer bending radius 20 mm, inner bending radius 22.5 mm로 bending test를 5000번 진행하였으며, twist bending, rolling test를 각각 10000번 진행하였다. 이 결과를 통해 bending-release cycle 조건에서도 초기저항 대비 5% 이내의 매우 우수한 전기적 안정성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이러한 graphene/Ag-grid 하이브리드 투명전극의 우수한 특성을 얻음으로써, graphene 박막의 플렉시블 투명전극으로서의 적용가능성을 타진할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권5호
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• pp.539-550
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• 2022

A detailed experimental program was conducted to investigate the flexural behavior of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams reinforced with high strength steel (HSS) rebars with a specified yield strength of 600 MPa via direct tensile test and monotonic four-point bending test. First, two sets of direct tensile test specimens, with the same reinforcement ratio but different yield strength of reinforcement, were fabricated and tested. Subsequently, six simply supported beams, including two plain UHPC beams and four reinforced UHPC beams, were prepared and tested under four-point bending load. The results showed that the balanced-reinforced UHPC beams reinforced with HSS rebars could improve the ultimate load-bearing capacity, deformation capacity, ductility properties, etc. more effectively owing to interaction between high strength of HSS rebar and strain-hardening characteristic of UHPC. In addition, the UHPC with steel rebars kept strain compatibility prior to the yielding of the steel rebar, further satisfied the plane-section assumption. Most importantly, the crack pattern of the UHPC beam reinforced with HSS rebars was prone to transform from single main crack failure corresponding to the normal-strength steel, to multiple main cracks failure under the condition of balanced-reinforced failure, which validated by the conclusion of direct tensile tests cooperated with acoustic emission (AE) source locating technique as well.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2018

A smart glass fiber reinforced polymer (SMFRP) reinforcing bar with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was fabricated using a pultrusion technique, while ribs were formed to improve bonding between concrete and SMFRP. Then, strain of SMFRP bars were measured for a uniaxial tension test of an SMFRP bar, and a four-point bending test of concrete beams reinforced with SMFRP bars. The results of a uniaxial tension test illustrate that the strain obtained from an FBG sensor agrees well with that obtained from electrical resistance strain gauge (ERSG). Additionally, concrete beams reinforced with SMFRP bars were fabricated, and actual flexural test were performed while the strain of with an FBG sensor was compared with that of ERSG. The experimental results demonstrate that SMFRP bars can be used as reinforcement of concrete member while providing deformation information. Furthermore, SMFRP bars may provide stronger durability and smart monitoring to reinforced concrete members under corrosive environments during a service life.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

In order to reduce the accidents occurring at construction sites, it is necessary to approach with harmonious measures considering various aspects such as systems, training, facilities, and protection equipments. Suggestion of safe construction method can be a good alternative. In the previous study, the half-depth precast deck with RC rib panel was proposed as an alternative method for safe bridge deck construction, and the performance required by the design code was verified through a four-point bending test. But the actual bridge deck is subjected to the repetitive action of the wheel load rather than the bending condition due to the four-point load. In this study, fatigue test was performed by repeating the wheel load $2{\times}10^6$ cycles to verify the safety of the half-depth precast deck with RC rib panel under actual conditions. As a result, fatigue effect due to repetition of wheel load was not significant in terms of serviceability such as crack width and deflection. In the residual strength test conducted after the fatigue test, the half-depth precast deck with RC rib panel failed by punching shear which is typical failure mode of bridge decks and the residual strength was similar to the punching strength of the RC and PSC bridge decks in spite of the fatigue effects.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 현장에서 사용되는 온실 강관의 이음 방법에 대해 휨성능을 평가하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 가장 휨성능이 우수한 이음 방법을 알아보았다. 실험 결과, 모든 실험체는 이음이 없는 실험체 보다 휨성능이 작았다. 그러나 모든 실험체의 최대 휨모멘트는 이음이 없는 실험체 소성모멘트의 1.07~1.3정도로 나타났다. 또한 연결방법에 따른 결과는 연결핀 보다 인발 실험체가 상대적으로 큰 휨성능을 보였다. 현장 이음 방법의 파괴 모드는 연결핀과 강관 끝부분의 응력집중에 의한 국부좌굴이 지배적이었다. 현장시공 시 강관을 절단 후 연결할 경우, 이음 없이 사용하는 것이 가장 우수한 휨성능을 발휘하지만 부득이 강관을 절단할 경우는 연결핀보다는 인발 강관에 직결나사로 고정한 이음 방법(SPJ-F)으로 시공하는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단된다.