• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.327-336
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• 1977

A chinical analysis was performed on 383 ases of hest injurjes eperienced at Department of thoraci Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 21 year period From 1957 to 1977. Of 383 patients o hest injuries, 209 cases were result from nonpenetrating injuries whereas 175 were from penetrating injuries, and there were 258 cases of hemothorax or/and pneumothorax, 162 of rib fracture, 33 of foreign body, 26 of clavicle frcture, 26 of lung contusion, 17 of diaphragmati laceration, 14 of hemoperiardium, 14 of flail chest and others. Stab wound was the most common in penetrating injuries and followed by gunshot and shell fragments. The majority of nonpenetrating chest injury paiens were traffi accident vitims and falls accounted for the next largest group of accidents. Chest injuries were frequently encountered in the age group between 16 and 50 years, and 321 patients were male comparing to 62 of female. In blunt hest injuries the patients with five or more rib fractures had a 85 per ent incidence of intrathoracic injury and 19 per cent had an intraabdominal organ damage, whereas those with four or less rib fractures had a 69 per cent and a 6 per cent incidence respectively. The principal associated injuries were cerebral contusion on 19 cases, renal contusion on 10, liver laceration on 7, peripheral vessel laceration on 5, spleen laceration on 3 and extremity fracture on 18 patients. The principles of therapy for early complications of chest trauma were rapid reexpansion of the lungs by thoracentesis (46 cases) and closed thoracotomy (125 cases) but open thoracotomy had to be done on 90 cases (23.5%) because of massive bleeding or intrapleural hematoma, foreign body, cardiac injury, diaphragmatic laceration and bronhial rupture. The over all mortality was 2.87 per cent (11 among 383 cases), 8 cases were from penetrating injuries and 3 from nonpenetrating injuries.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.337-342
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• 1977

A clinical analysis was performed on 383 cases of chest injurjes experienced at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 21 year period from 1957 to 1977. Of 383 patients of chest injuries, 209 cases were result from nonpenetrating injuries whereas 175 were from penetrating injuries, and there were 258 cases of hemothorax or/and pneumothorax, 162 of rib fracture, 33 of foreign body, 26 of clavicle fracture, 26 of lung contusion, 17 of diaphragmatic laceration, 14 of hemopericardium, 14 of flail chest and others. Stab wound was the most common in penetrating injuries and followed by gunshot and shell fragments. The majority of nonpenetrating chest injury patients were traffic accident victims. and fails accounted for the next largest group of accidents. Chest injuries were frequently encountered in the age group between 16 and 50 years, and 321 patients were male comparing to 62 of female. In blunt chest injuries the patients with five or more rib fractures had a 85 per cent incidence-of intrathoracic injury and 19 per cent had an intraabdominal organ damage, whereas those with four or less rib fractures had a 69 per cent and a 6 per cent incidence respectively. The principal associated injuries were cerebral contusion on 19 cases, renal contusion on 10, liver laceration on 7, peripheral vessel laceration on 5, spleen laceration on 3 and extremity fracture on 18 patients. The principles of therapy for early complications of chest trauma were rapid reexpansion of the lungs by thoracentesis [46 cases] and closed thoracotomy [125 cases] but open thoracotomy .had to be done on 90 cases [23-5%] because of massive bleeding or intrapleural hematoma, foreign body, cardiac injury, diaphragmatic laceration and bronchial rupture. The over all mortality was 2.87 per cent [11 among 383 cases], 8 cases were from penetrating injuries and 3 from nonpenetrating injuries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.27-34
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• 2002

Utilizing information and knowledge is one of the major objectives in the management of construction firm. This trend has been developed both inside of the firms and overall industry-wise. Therefore conventional methods of performance evaluation based on the financial statements such as balance sheet under GAAP(Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) are not sufficient to cover various Performance of constriction firms. Core competency of construction firms needs to be evaluated by the new performance evaluation model. In this research, the concept of BSC (Balanced Score Cards) is utilized to develop the performance evaluation model for construction firms considering four major performance indicators including financial perspective, customer perspective, learn and growth perspective, anti internal business perspective. A model of performance evaluation including criteria is proposed to evaluate construction firms based on their vision and strategy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.38-47
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• 2015

This study evaluated non-liturgical space of catholic churches based on the four principles of universal design; accessible design, supportive design, safety-oriented design, and adaptable design. To design those spaces in terms of supportive design principle, diaper exchanging station needs to be placed in the restroom. Findings of this study are as follows: In terms of accessible design, valid width of entrance door to each room(more than 800mm), installation of elevator, height of riser in the stair, and width of step board were appropriate, but there were many spaces where door sils were not removed. In terms of supportive design, notice board at teacher's room and installation of storage closet, and width of passage to office(more than 1,200mm) were also appropriate, but storage closet at a meeting and prayer room, and space for storing flowers appeared inappropriate. To design those spaces in terms of supportive design principle, diaper exchanging station needs to be placed in the restroom. In terms of safety-oriented design, installation of round-edged furniture, use of non-slip flooring material, installation of safety emergency bell at a restroom, and installation of wall handle were required. In terms of adaptable design, space for wheelchair users at each room, installation of the furniture that can adjust the height, installation of desk with different height at an office, installation of toilet and basin considering children were considered to be necessary.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.112-120
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• 2010

Human can recognize the environment by detecting spatial perception, and most of environmental perception depends on visual perception. In view that the acquisition of spatial information is accomplished through visual recognition, analysis of visual structure contained in the space is thought to be very important sector in studying the characteristic of the space. The history of studies on visual structure of space, however, wasn't too long, and furthermore most of the theories up to now focused on static and planar principles. Under this circumstance, this study is intended to suggest new theory by combining Isovist theory and VGA theory that have been actively discussed as the theory on visual perception-based spatial structure and supplementing them between each other to expand into 3-dimensional model. The suggested theory is a complex principle in dimensional and dynamic form in consideration of visual direction, which forms 3-dimentional virtual model that enables visualization of the property of spatial structure as the routine discriminating whether visual connection is made between viewing point and target point, and the target point is included in the visual field quadrangular pyramid or not. Such model was built up by an analysis application where four probe paths were applied to simulate the visual structure that occurs in virtual space, and then the characteristics were analyzed through quantification. In result, in spite of the path with equal space and equal length, significant difference in the acquired quantity of spatial information could be found depending on the probe sequence. On the contrary, it was found that probe direction may not affect the acquired quantity of information and visual property of the space.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper studies the pulse diagnosis as found in Youksimanpil, which is a series of medical charts containing 150 diagnosis records of Yi Suki, a doctor who was active in Joseon during the 17-18th centuries. Through this effort, the paper aims to shed light on how pulse was utilized in the Korean medicine, and in process tries to reveal the essence of Korean medicine's treatment method. Methods : 60 charts where pulse method was used are selected in Youksimanpil and a table is created with them. Figures are drawn to explain four steps of pulse-sensing from the simple method to highly advanced method. Charts are presented with the corresponding original texts and their translations. With these efforts, the paper attempts to reveal the broad understanding of the doctor of Joseon period who consistently kept to the most basic principle of pulse diagnosis. Results : The efficiency of pulse diagnosis depends on the unity and simplicity in diagnosis and prescription. There were continued efforts between the doctors in Joseon to collect and compare the experiences they gained from clinical practices in order to organize their findings and form a system. These are: (1) individual pulse, (2) patternized pulse, (3) balance between left and right pulses, (4) balance between pulse and body, and (5) the doctor's extemporaneous diagnosis. In that efforts, they protect the principle of holistic diagnosis, which is one of Korean medicine's core principles. Conclusions : Thanks to the existence of medical charts that presents in detail how the texts of Donguibogam were applied in real clinical practices, today we can see Korean medicine's highly advanced synergy between textual knowledge and clinical experiences as recorded in the form of charts.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.427-431
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• 2007

Applications in present-day mobile communication systems particularly require miniaturized dimensions and low-profiles of antenna in order to meet the mobile units. Thus, size reductions and bandwidth enhancements are becoming crucial design considerations for practical applications of microstrip antennas. The motivation of further experiments have been stepped to follow those studies for achieving compact and broadband, even multiplied operation modes, which are greatly increased with much attentions recently. To obtain broadband, single-feed, circularly polarized characteristics of microstrip antennas, a design with feed-line ought to be a factor of two. Usually, diagonally balanced-line feeds with hybrid coupler are employed to attain circular polarizations. We firstly formulated DGS (Defected Ground Structures) based operation principles of the entire microstrip components and therefore were able to derive impedance variance of feed-lines. After verifying corresponding experimental results, we targeted the frequency bands of UHF RFID (Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency IDentification) and approximately of 0.4-2.4GHz have exhibited remarkable two resonance amplitudes as a dual band antenna. Our secondary researches were aimed to design quad band microstrip antenna which represents four resonance characteristics within the identical frequency bands as well. Microstrip patch has been meandered to lengthen the electrical paths, and the other design criteria with respecting physical parameters including radiation patterns and impedance bandwidths measurements will be described for verification. Advisable applications of these antennas can be GSM850, GSM900, GPS (L1-1575 and L2-1227) and UMTS-2110 of cellular systems, which extremely desire multiband and minimum size.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

The Korean academics of classical learning, Seowon which from the middle of Joseon Dynasty was complexly reflected in "the illustration of Taiji(太極圖說)" Five-Elements school(陰陽五行說), "Zhou Yi(周易)" and a theory on spherical heaven and square ground(天圓地方) which based on orientalism. Also the theory of Xiangshu Xue(象數學) was a significant factor to decide the size(number of facade module) of Seowon architecture. So, in this study, how the oriental thought was adopted and reflected in existing 21 Seowon in South Korea. The size of Seowon architecture was adopted a theory of combination with heaven, earth and human(天地人三合論) that based on the theory of Xiangshu Xue on "the illustration of Taiji" and "Zhou Yi". "Zhou Yi" was the central thought of Confucian culture in Joseon Dynasty, with which Seowon space was divided into two, ancestral rites space and lecture space. It coincides with balance of yin(陰) and yang(陽), Five-Elements(五行) and four seasons(四季節). In lecture space, lecture hall is relevant with the water(水) and winter, and front tower structure or outer three-door is the fire(火) and summer. Also, central garden means the soil(土) and center. Thus, the size and spatial composition was planned with the philosophy, "the illustration of Taiji", Five-Elements school and a theory on spherical heaven and square ground. Yin and yang has an idea of the heaven and earth, and Five-Elements has an idea of direction and season with which spatial composition of Seowon could be set. And the numeral meaning on the theory of Xiangshu Xue established an ideal background for spatial composition of Seowon architecture.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2013

This road map aims to establish a stable and integrated healthcare system for the Korean Peninsula by improving health conditions and building a foundation for healthcare in North Korea through a series of effective healthcare programs. With a basic time frame extending from the present in stages towards unification, the roadmap is composed of four successive phases. The first and second phases, each expected to last five years, respectively, focus on disease treatment and nutritional treatment. These phases would thereby safeguard the health of the most vulnerable populations in North Korea, while fulfilling the basic health needs of other groups by modernizing existing medical facilities. Based on the gains of the first two phases, the third phase, for ten years, would prepare for unification of the Koreas by promoting the health of all the North Korean people and improving basic infrastructural elements such as health workforce capacity and medical institutions. The fourth phase, assuming that unification will take place, provides fundamental principles and directions for establishing an integrated healthcare system across the Korean Peninsula. We are hoping to increase the consistency of the program and overcome several existing concerns of the current program with this roadmap.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.233-257
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• 2008

The integration, openness, participation, and technology are essential elements of digital information resources in order to establish an unified and cooperative network of various digital knowledge-information abroad. This study analyzes policies, technologies and administrative aspects of international cooperative networks such as WDL, IPL, TEL. Based on the analysis, a number of collection standards for international cooperation are drawn. Analyzed standards are divided into four different aspects and applied to produce detailed appraisal standards for digital knowledge-information. In conclusion, in order to map out strategies and policies for developing an international cooperative network, the study proposes a number of principles and models for making an appraisal of collections.