• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Hyeolbuchugeo-tang (HBC) on Osteoporosis. Methods: We induced RAW 264.7 cells to differentiate to Osteoclasts by RANKL and treated RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells with HBC (0, 150, 350, $700{\mu}g/ml$). To measure osteoclast differentiation and activation, we counted TRAP (+) MNCs and measured mRNA expressions of its related genes (TRAP, MMP-9, cathepsin K, NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$) by RT-PCR. To assess bone resorption, the Bone pit formation were examined under a microscope. Results: HBC decreased TRAP (+) MNCs and inhibited mRNA expressions of TRAP, MMP-9, cathepsin K, NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF in osteoclast. And HBC inhibited Bone pit formation. Conclusions: HBC inhibited osteoclast differentiation and activation and bone resorption. Taken together, these results indicate that HBC might have potentials for prevention and treatment of Osteoporosis.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 2019

Leptin, an adipokine regulating energy metabolism, appears to be associated with breast cancer progression. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mediates the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The regulation of IGF-1 expression by leptin in breast cancer cells is unclear. Here, we found that leptin upregulates IGF-1 expression at the transcriptional level in breast cancer cells. Activating protein-1 (AP-1)-binding element within the proximal region of IGF-1 was necessary for leptin-induced IGF-1 promoter activation. Forced expression of AP-1 components, c-FOS or c-JUN, enhanced leptin-induced IGF-1 expression, while knockdown of c-FOS or c-JUN abrogated leptin responsiveness. All three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK) mediated leptin-induced IGF-1 expression. These results suggest that leptin contributes to breast cancer progression through the transcriptional upregulation of leptin via the MAPK pathway.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effects of Hansu-Daebowon (HDW) on bone resorption in vitro and bone loss in vivo. Methods: Osteoclast differentiation was measured by counting TRAP (+) MNC formed from RAW 264.7 in the presence of RANKL. Bone pit formation was determined in an artificial bone slice loaded with RANKL-stimulated osteoclasts. To elucidate the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of HDW on bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation, osteoclastogenic genes (i.e. TRAP, MMP-9, NFATc1, c-Fos, and Cathepsin K) were measured using real time PCR. Furthermore, bone loss was observed using micro-CT in an LPS-treated mammal model. Results: HDW inhibited the bone pit formation in vitro and inhibited bone loss in vivo. Moreover, HDW decreased the number of TRAP (+) MNCs in the presence of RANKL, and HDW inhibited the expressions of cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, NFATc1, and c-Fos in the osteoclasts. Conclusion: HDW exerts inhibitory effects on bone loss and bone resorption resulting from the inhibitions of osteoclast differentiation and osteoclastogenic gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of treadmill exercise with initial pain control using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on induced pain of knee osteoarthritis in rats. METHODS: Thirty adult male Sprague - Dawley rats were divided randomly into the TENS Group (TG, n = 10), Treadmill Exercise Group (TEG, n = 10), and Treadmill with TENS Group (TTG, n = 10). In the TG, TENS was performed for 20 min per day for two weeks with a TENS program at the knee joint. The TEG performed treadmill exercise 15 m/min for 20 min per day for two weeks. The TTG performed initial pain control by TENS program during the 1st ~ 3rd days, and treadmill exercise was performed using the TEG methods from the 4th day. The lumbar spine was extracted and processed using western blot analysis to evaluate pain (c-fos expression). RESULTS: The results showed that c-fos expression was decreased significantly in all groups after each intervention (p < .05). In particular, TTG produced the most significant decrease compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that treadmill exercise with initial pain control using TENS is a suitable method for relieving pain in knee osteoarthritis.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.523-533
• /
• 2022

A novel metaheuristic search method, namely black widow optimization (BWO) is employed to increase the accuracy of slope stability analysis. The BWO is a recently-developed optimizer that supervises the training of an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the factor of safety (FOS) of a single-layer cohesive soil slope. The designed slope bears a loaded foundation in different distances from the crest. A sensitivity analysis is conducted based on the number of active individuals in the BWO algorithm, and it was shown that the best performance is acquired for the population size of 40. Evaluation of the results revealed that the capability of the ANN was significantly enhanced by applying the BWO. In this sense, the learning root mean square error fell down by 23.34%. Also, the correlation between the testing data rose from 0.9573 to 0.9737. Therefore, the postposed BWO-ANN can be promisingly used for the early prediction of FOS in real-world projects.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.781-786
• /
• 2013

Nutrients fortified dairy products declare their contents on the label for nutrition claim and marketing. However, there are few monitoring studies about relations between actual quantities of fortified nutrients and the described ones on the label. This study was carried out for comparing actual fortified nutrient contents with labeled ones. Forty calcium fortified dairy products and twenty four fructooligosaccharides (FOS) fortified dairy products were sampled at supermarkets located in Anyang, Korea from March to November in 2010. Calcium contents were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry followed by microwave sample digestion, and FOS contents were analyzed by HPLC-ELSD followed by solvent extraction. In fresh milk, calcium contents ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 mg/mL, and those values were 87~127% of their labeled contents. In fermented milk products and cheeses, calcium contents ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 mg/g (89~131% of their labeled contents), 4.2 to 23.0 mg/g (83~127% of their labeled contents), respectively. FOS contents ranged from 9.09 to 18.89 mg/g in FOS contents labeled products and showed 83~154% compared to their labeled quantity, and ranged from 1.3~30.8 mg/g in products without quantity labeling. In conclusion, the amounts of calcium and FOS in dairy products were above 80% compared to their labeled ones and conformed to the Korean official livestock products labeling standard.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.145-167
• /
• 2004

Objective : Neuropathic pain can be caused by a partial peripheral nerve injury. This kind of pain is usually accompanied by spontaneous burning pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. It is not clear that scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture can control neuropathic pain effectively. The purpose of this study is to examine if scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture may be effective to the neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic pain, under isoflurane 2.5% anesthesia, tibial nerve and sural nerve was resected. After the neuropathic surgery, the author examined if the animals exhibited the behavioral signs of allodynia. The allodynia was assessed by stimulating the medial malleolus with von Frey filament and acetone. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture was injected at Hwando(GB30) one time a day for one week. After that the author examined the withdrawl response of neuropathic rats' legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also the author examined c-fos in the midbrain central gray of neuropathic rats and the change of WBC count in the blood of neuropathic rats. Results & Conclusion : 1. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) decreased the withdrawl response of mechanical allodynia in SHA-1, SHA-2 and SAH-3 group as compared with control group. 2. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) decreased the withdrawl response of chemical allodynia(cold allodynia) in SHA-1, SHA-2 and SAH-3 group as compared with control group. 3. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) showed the significant difference between sham group and control group(p=0.01), sham and SHA-3 group(p=0.026), control group and SHA-1 group(p=0.01), control group and SHA-2 group(p=0.024) in the c-fos expression. 4. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) showed the significant difference between sham group and SHA-3 group(p=0.010), control group and SHA-3 group(p=0.006) in the WBC count.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.104-121
• /
• 2020

Objectives : Since neuropathic pain shows a variety of symptoms via various mechanisms, there are many difficulties in treatment and various treatments have been tried. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Araliae Continentalis Radix pharmacopuncture (ACR) on neuropathic pain. Methods : After dividing the white rats into six groups, the sciatic nerves of five groups except the normal group were excised to induce neuropathic pain. Except normal and control group, the other four groups were given: saline (Saline group), ACR 1.100 mg/kg (ACR 1 group), ACR 2.743 mg/kg (ACR 2 group), and ACR 5.486 mg/kg (ACR 3 group) at GB30, twice a week for a total of six times in three weeks. Withdrawal response react time and force intensity, c-Fos, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed to investigate the efficacy of ACR in each group. Body weight, WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT, AST, ALT, BUN, and Cr changes were observed to check the safety of ACR. Results : Both withdrawal response react time & force intensity were significantly increased in the ACR2 and ACR3 groups at 3 weeks. C-Fos tended to decrease in all ACR groups and significantly decreased in ACR3 group. In blood serum, TNF-α showed a tendency to decrease in all ACR groups and a significant decrease in ACR3 group. But IL-6 and IFN-γ did not change significantly in all experimental groups. In the spinal cord, IFN-γ was significantly decreased in the ACR3 group. But TNF-α and IL-6 were not significantly changed in all experimental groups. Body weight was not changed significantly in all experimental groups. RBC increased significantly in ACR2 group, HGB increased in ACR3 group, and PLT increased significantly in all experimental groups. ALT significantly decreased in ACR1 group, and there were no significant changes in AST, BUN, and Cr in all experimental groups. Conclusions : At high concentrations, ACR pharmacopuncture reduced c-Fos, and TNF-α in the blood serum and IFN-γ in the spinal cord thereby suppressed allodynia. More in-depth studies about pharmacopuncture concentration or mechanism are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2020

Objectives : Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and osteoporosis fracture is the leading cause of decreased life. Bisphosphonate and selective estrogen receptor modulators are the best choice of treatment for osteoporosis. However, when used for a long time, they increase the probability of side effect such as osteonecrosis of the jaw. Thus, it is crucial to develop alternative medicine to treat osteoporosis. Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, a herbal medicine, is mainly to treat rheumatoid arthritis. However, the effect of the water extract of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (w-GM) on osteoporosis has not been investigated. Thus, we examine whether w-GM can inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells were used as an osteoclast differentiation model by treating them with RANKL. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were used to determine the effect of w-GM on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells, TRAP activity and pit formation assay were examined. In addition, protein expressions were measured by western blot and mRNA expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results : Treatment with w-GM inhibited the number of TRAP-positive cells, TRAP activity and pit area. In addition, w-GM decreased protein expression such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). It also inhibited the mRNA levels such as c-Fos, NFATc1, TRAP, NF-κB, calcitonin receptor and cathepsin K in RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that w-GM has inhibitory effects via osteoclast differentiation, thus it could be a new medication for osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.10
• /
• pp.1453-1459
• /
• 2016

Yacon syrup, which contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS), was used as a substitute for sugar to make functional healthy sponge cake. Regarding characteristics of sponge cake with various yacon syrup concentrations, height and volume decreased while moisture content increased with increasing yacon syrup concentration. Sponge cake with increasing yacon syrup content showed a greater green-yellowish color. Springiness, cohesiveness, hardness, and brittleness decreased with increasing yacon syrup concentration. Hardness values of cakes made with 100% sugar (YS 0) and yacon syrup substitute for 10% sugar (YS 10) were not significantly different. Overall acceptance of sponge cake decreased with increasing yacon syrup content, whereas those of YS 0 and YS 10 were not significantly different. For storage period, moisture content of sponge cake with increasing yacon syrup concentration decreased during storage, whereas the decreasing moisture content was less than that of YS 0. The color of sponge cake with various yacon syrup concentrations did not change significantly during storage. Springiness and cohesiveness decreased during storage. Hardness increased with storage period, whereas that of sponge cake made with yacon syrup was lower than that of YS 0. In conclusion, sponge cake made with YS 10 is the best to make sponge cake with high consumer acceptance, reduced sugar content, and FOS.