• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.744-754
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• 2013

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for recently synthesized imidazole-(benz)azole and imidazole - piperazine derivatives was studied for their anticancer activities against breast (MCF-7) cell lines. The statistically significant 2D-QSAR models ($r^2=0.8901$; $q^2=0.8130$; F test = 36.4635; $r^2$ se = 0.1696; $q^2$ se = 0.12212; pred_$r^2=0.4229$; pred_$r^2$ se = 0.4606 and $r^2=0.8763$; $q^2=0.7617$; F test = 31.8737; $r^2$ se = 0.1951; $q^2$ se = 0.2708; pred_$r^2=0.4386$; pred_$r^2$ se = 0.3950) were developed using molecular design suite (VLifeMDS 4.2). The study was performed with 18 compounds (data set) using random selection and manual selection methods used for the division of the data set into training and test set. Multiple linear regression (MLR) methodology with stepwise (SW) forward-backward variable selection method was used for building the QSAR models. The results of the 2D-QSAR models were further compared with 3D-QSAR models generated by kNN-MFA, (k-Nearest Neighbor Molecular Field Analysis) investigating the substitutional requirements for the favorable anticancer activity. The results derived may be useful in further designing novel imidazole-(benz)azole and imidazole-piperazine derivatives against breast (MCF-7) cell lines prior to synthesis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of backward walking exercise on changes in the cervical angle and gait parameters in subjects with moderate forward head posture. Methods : Four subjects were selected for this study. In particular, subjects with an average of 43 subjects with moderate craniovertebral angles were selected as the criteria for subject selection. The exercise program consisted of a 5 minutes warm-up exercise, 20 minutes main exercise, and 5 minutes cool-down exercise. In the main exercise, the treadmill speed was 2.5 km/h for men, 2.0 km/h for women in the first week, from the 2nd week to the 4th week, it was increased by 0.5 km/h every week. Results : Craniovertebral angle increased by 2.06±2.46 ° before and after the backward walking exercise, and craniorotational angle decreased by -1.69±3.33 ° before and after exercise. As for the gait parameters, in the amount of change before and after the backward walking exercise, the left foot pressure was 4.58±5.70 % from front to back and the right foot pressure was 5.08±3.06 % from front to back. The left step length and right step length showed a change of -.33±4.43 cm and -2.08±7.26 cm, respectively. stride length showed a change of -2.59±11.18 cm. The left and right stance phase showed a change of -1.02±2.03 % and -1.23±1.54 %, respectively. The left and right swing phase showed changes of 1.02±2.03 % and 1.22±1.53 %, respectively. The left and right step times were -.01±.06 sec and -.02±.12 sec, respectively. The stride time showed a change of -.03±.18 sec. Conclusion : Changes in cervical angle and gait parameters were confirmed by performing backward walking exercise for subjects with moderate forward head posture for 4 weeks. Therefore, additional research should be conducted based on this case study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2007

인간과 컴퓨터간의 상호교류 하는데 있어서 감정 인식은 필수라 하겠다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 음성 신호 및 얼굴 영상을 BL(Bayesian Learning)과 PCA(Principal Component Analysis)에 적용하여 5가지 감정 (Normal, Happy, Sad, Anger, Surprise) 으로 패턴 분류하였다. 그리고 각각 신호의 단점을 보완하고 인식률을 높이기 위해 결정 융합 방법과 특징 융합 방법을 이용하여 감정융합을 실행하였다. 결정 융합 방법은 각각 인식 시스템을 통해 얻어진 인식 결과 값을 퍼지 소속 함수에 적용하여 감정 융합하였으며, 특정 융합 방법은 SFS(Sequential Forward Selection)특정 선택 방법을 통해 우수한 특정들을 선택한 후 MLP(Multi Layer Perceptron) 기반 신경망(Neural Networks)에 적용하여 감정 융합을 실행하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2875-2878
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an EEG-based mental state prediction method during a mental tasks. In the experimental task, a subject goes through the process of responding to visual stimulus, understanding the given problem, controlling hand motions, and hitting a key. Considering the subject's varying brain activities, we model subjects' mental states with defining selection time. EEG signals from four subjects were recorded while they performed three mental tasks. Feature vectors defined by these representations were classified with a standard, feed-forward neural network trained via the error back-propagation algorithm. We expect that the proposed detection method can be a basic technology for brain-computer interface by combining with left/right hand movement or cognitive decision discrimination methods.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to derive approximate closed-form error rates for M-ary burst symbol transmission (MBST) of dual-hop adaptive decode-and-forward (ADF) cooperative relay systems over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Within a burst, there are pilot symbols and data symbols. Pilot symbols are used for channel estimation schemes and each relay node's transmission mode selection schemes. At first, our focus was on ADF relay systems' error-events at relay nodes. Each event's occurrence probability and probability density function (PDF) were then derived. With error-event based approach, we derived a tractable form of PDF for combined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Averaged error rates were then derived as approximate expressions for arbitrary link SNR with different modulation orders and numbers of relays. Its accuracy was verified by comparison with simulation results.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

Engineering rock mass classification is extensively used to determine the reasonable support system throughout the tunneling process in the field. Selection of support system based on the results of engineering rock mass classification is simple and straight-forward. However, this method cannot consider the effect of in-situ stresses, mechanical properties of support material, and support installation time on the behavior or rock-support system To handle the various conditions encountered in the underground excavation sites rock-support system. To handle the various conditions encountered in th eunderground excavation sites rock-support interaction program has been developed. This program can analyze the interaction between rock mass and support materials and also can simulate the tunnel excavation-support insstallation process by controlling the support installation time and the stiffness of support system. Practical applicability of this program was verfied by comparing the results of support design to those from rock mass classification for virtual underground excavation at the drilling site KD-06 in Geoje island.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.9-11
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• 2010

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems assisted by multi-relays with single antenna are considered. Signal transmission consists of two hops. In the first hop, the source node broadcasts the vector symbols to all relays, then all relays forward the received signals multiplied by each power gain to the destination simultaneously. Unlike the case of full cooperation between relays such as single relay with multiple antennas, in our case there is no closed form solution for optimal relay power gain with respect to minimum mean square error (MMSE). Thus we propose an alternative approach in which we use an approximation of the cost function based on rank-one matrix decomposition. As a cost function, we choose the trace of MSE matrix. We give several simulation results to validate that our proposed method obtains a negligible performance loss compared to optimal solution obtained by exhaustive search.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2019

This paper introduces the development and current prosperity of the branch discipline of visual anthropology and describes the status and current situation of modern visual anthropology and analyzes the rationality that the achievements of visual anthropology is viewed as texts and enjoy the same achievements, making it more basis and scientific in the selection of visual anthropology in subsequent research. This article comprehensively uses Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation system of visual anthropology, as well as put forward the basic principles of screening films using this evaluation system in subsequent studies and a simple outlook for future expansion.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1889-1910
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• 2017

This paper investigates a protocol so-called Adaptive Harvest Then Transmit (AHTT) for wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) in multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink systems, which assists in transmitting signals from a multi-antenna transmitter to a single-antenna receiver. Particularly, the power constrained relay is supplied with power by utilizing radio frequency (RF) signals from the source. In order to take advantage of multiple antennas, two different linear processing schemes, including Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and Selection Combination (SC) are studied. The system outage capacity and ergodic capacity are evaluated for performance analysis. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation is also considered. Our numerical and simulation results prove that the implementation of multiple antennas helps boost the energy harvesting capability. Therefore, this paper puts forward a new way to the energy efficiency (EE) enhancement, which contributes to better system performance.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3E
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a classification system of TV program scenes based on audio information. The system classifies the video scene into six categories of commercials, basketball games, football games, news reports, weather forecasts and music videos. Two type of audio feature set are extracted from each audio frame-timbral features and coefficient domain features which result in 58-dimensional feature vector. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the system, 58-dimensional feature set is further optimized to yield l0-dimensional features through Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) method. This down-sized feature set is finally used to train and classify the given TV program scenes using κ -NN, Gaussian pattern matching algorithm. The classification result of 91.6% reported here shows the promising performance of the video scene classification based on the audio information. Finally, the system stability problem corresponding to different query length is investigated.