• 치과방사선
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.315-327
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of the orthopantomograph as a diagnostic aid to observe maxillary sinus and adjacent structures. For achieving this goal. the lead plates were attached to the five walls of the maxillary sinus of a human dry skull. The dry skull was placed in fourteen different positions; standard. 20mm forward. 20mm backward. 10 degree upward. 10 degree downward. 20mm lateral. forward & upward, forward & downward. forward & lateral. backward & upward. backward & downward, backward & lateral. upward & lateral. downward & lateral position. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The image of the medial wall was observed very differently according to the head positions. 2. The image of the anterior wall was observed at medial third to half of the maxillary sinus in each head position. 3. the image of the posterior wall was always observed at lateral third of the maxillary sinus in all head positions and more obviously in the downward-lateral position. 4. The image of the superior wall was observed at the inferior third to half of the orbit in each head position. 5. The image of the inferior wall was always observed at the inferior third of maxillary sinus in all head positions and observed more obviously in the standard and downward-lateral positions. 6. The images of the zygomatic process. zygomatic arch and zygomaticotemporal suture were observed very well in the downward-lateral position.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1978

The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of condylar movement of normal adults. The author has observed roentgenographic images of four serial positions of condylar head taken by modified transcranail lateral oblique projection. The serial positions are centric occlusion, rest position, 1 inch open position and maximal open position. The results were obtained as follow; 1. Inter-incisal distance was 46.85㎜ in maximal open position. 2. The length between the deepest point of glenoid fossa and summit of condylar head in rest position was wider than that in centric occlusion by 0.8㎜. 3. In 1 inch open position, condylar head moved forward from the standard line in 12.64㎜ of horizontal direction and moved downwards from the standard line in 1.84㎜ of vertical direction. 4. In maximal open position, condylar head moved forward from the standard line in 19.06㎜ of horizontal direction and moved downwards from thestanard line in 0.4㎜ of vertical direction. 5. In centric occlusion, the width between glenoid fossa and margin of condylar head was greater in the posterior portion than in the anterior portion by 0.4㎜. 6. Except for the estimated figures of 1 inch open position, all of the estimated figures was greater in male than in female.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was to investigate whether the two different head postures, natural and ideal head posture, affect head/shoulder posture and muscle activity. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects with the forward head and round shoulder posture were participated in this study. This study utilized a within-subjects design with subjects being positioned into two sitting positions: natural head posture (NHP) and ideal head posture (IHP). Forward head angle (FHA) and forward shoulder angle (FSA) of each subject were measured for assessing the head/shoulder posture and muscle activities of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) during the forward overhead reaching. Results: There were significant increases in both FHA and FSA after taking IHP, which showed greater angles than in taking NHP. In change of muscle activities, there were significant decreases in both LT and SA after taking IHP, which showed lower activities than in taking a NHP, whereas there was no significant change in UT. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that postural alterations associated with forward head and rounded shoulder postures could alter scapular kinetics and muscle activity during the forward overhead reaching.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2014

Background: As the increase of forward head position, we studied the change of thickness of deep cervical flexor (DCF) compared of with sternocleidomastoid (SCM). we measured and analysed the change of thickness of the neck flexor for forward head position and cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted the study selecting 35 healthy adults (12 males, 23 females). We measured the craniovertebral angle (CVA), instructed them to perform the CCFE, and measured the DCF and SCM using ultrasonography during the contraction and relaxation period. Results: Intra-reliability of SCM is .96, longus capitis is .92 and longus coli is .97. we compared according to the change of forward head position, Correlation of DCF is .841, and DCF/SCM is .754 by significant positive correlation. At the comparison of CCFE and Resting muscle thickness, SCM and DCF is .00, DCF/SCM is .68. Conclusion: There is a strong positive correlation between the change amount of DCF and DCF/SCM as the increase of CVA.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of head posture and occlusal splint on the vertical dimension in mandibular rest position and swallowing. Thirty health dental students ware selected lot this study and BioEGNⓡ(Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used for measuring interocclusal distance during rest - swallowing - rest - tapping movement. This swallowing movements were observed in both normal head posture(NHP) and forward head posture (FHP). Thickness of occlusal splint was about 2mm at posterior molar area and even tooth contact were achieved on light biting. The four mandibular positions at which interocclusal distance measured were swallowing position, after swallowing position in which interocclusal distance was maximum, rest position follows swallowing, and tapping position after rest. Changes of distance in each position were measured for three mandibular planes, that is, sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plane, respectively. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In normal head posture, the mandible was raised 1.03mm without splint, and 0.77mm with splint on swallowing, and there was no significant difference between the two. In horizontal plane, however, mandible was displaced more anteriorly in both swallowing position and tapping position with splint. 2. In forward head posture, the mandible was less raised with splint on swallowing, but features in horizontal plane were almost same as those in normal head posture. 3. In natural dentition, significant difference between NHP and FHP were observed in horizontal plane trajectory for swallowing and tapping position. But the difference for same positions were observed in frontal trajectory with splint. 4. Total amount of mandibular movement of two groups classified with sagittal interocclusal distance of swallowing position generally showed significant difference between the higher and the lower height group in head posture without splint. 5. Correlationship among total amount of mandibular movement for three mandibular planes were observed between sagittal plane and horizontal plane, and between sagittal plane and frontal plane in head posture without splint.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare muscle activity after applying two muscle energy techniques (MET) to subjects with forward head posture to see if the post isometric relaxation (PIR) technique is more effective than the reciprocal inhibition (RI) technique. Methods : The muscle activity was measured using EMG after applying the PIR and RI techniques to 30 adults at K College. Subjects were selected for forward head posture whose ear center was 2.5 ㎝ front of the center of the shoulder. EMG equipment was used to measure muscle activity, and the measurement sites were measured in cervical flexor and extensor muscles. The experiment period was performed once a week for a total of two weeks, and after the pre-measurement was performed for 5 minutes PIR and RI exercise. In the PIR technique, the head is tilted back in a sitting position, and the experimenter applies resistance with the same force for 7~10 seconds and repeats 3-5 times after rest. In the RI technique, in a sitting position, the subject gives the force to bend the head forward, and the experimenter applies resistance with the same force for 7 to 10 seconds, and repeats 3 to 5 times after rest. Results : The result is same as the following. In the comparison of muscle activity, there was a significant decrease in both PIR and RI at 1 and 2 weeks. And there was a greater decrease in muscle activity in PIR. There was no difference in the comparison of decrease in muscle activity at 1 week and 2 week. Conclusion : Both PRI and RI can be said to be effective in improving the function of the forward head posture in the neck muscles. Therefore, the selection of the two techniques in clinical practice should be appropriately performed under the judgment of experts according to the patient's situation.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 1984

The author analysed the bone changes, the positional relationships between condylar head and articular fossa, and the interrelationship between the bone changes and the abnormal position of condylar head, from 1,036 radiographs of 259 patients with temporomandibular joint arthrosis, which were obtained by the oblique-lateral transcranial projection and orthopantomograms. The results were as follows: 1. Among the radiographic bone changes of the temporomandibular joint arthrosis, deformity was 36.90%(217 case), sclerosis 34.18% (20 cases), errosive chang 25.85% (152 cases) and marginal proliferation 3.06% (18 cases) respectively. 2. In the positional changes between condylar head and articular fossa, the downward positioning of condylar head in centric occlusion was most frequent(36.90%), of which frequency was signifiantly higher than forward positioning (11.22%) and backward positioning(4.76%) in same condition. Also, radiographs showed that the enlargement of articular space showed higher frequency than its narrowing. In the opening position of mouth, the restricted movement of condylar head within articular fossa was most frequent(35.03%). The forward positioning and the downward positioning was 15.65% and 9.52% respectively. Also, radiographs revealed that the incomplete movement or no positional change of condylar head was most frequent. 3. In the interrelationship between bone changes and abnormal position of condylar head, deformity was 42.79% in the cases of downward positioning of condylar head in centric occlusion and 37.50% in those of normal positioning of condylar head in same condition. This revealed that deformity was most frequent bone change in above condylar positionings. However, erossive change was 34.62% in the cases of downward positioning of condylar head in centric occlusion and 33.33% in those of forward positioning. In opening position of condylar head, and deformity in the cases of normal positioning, forward positioning and downward positioning of condylar head was 38.38%, 36.96% and 44.64% respectively. 4. Bone changes of condylar head was 47.11%, articular eminence 41.50% and articular fossa 11.39% respectively. This revealed that the frequencies of bone changes. were higher in the projected portion of bony structures of temporomandibular joint than their depressed portions. On the otherhand, in the bone changes of condylar head, deformity was 59.57% which was the most frequent. In the bone changes of articular eminence and articular fossa, however, sclersis was 41.39% and 65.67% respectively, which was the most frequent in those portions.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 1987

Diagnosis and treatment plans of patients are depended on cephalogram in most case. However, conventional cephalogram may change diagnosis because it ignores a conception of natural head position. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of head positions between conventional X-ray taking and x-ray taking in natural head position, and correlation between above results and craniofacial morphology, 60 male students in dental college, Yon sei Univ. were selected, and every cephalogram is studied by comparison of the change of head position. The results are as follows. 1. When taking X-ray by using conventional method, external auditary meatus FH was more tilted than ear rod FM by $2.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.8$ in forward and downward direction. 2. As facial form becomes concave, natural head position and head position, appeared in X-ray taking by using conventional method, become more similiar. 3. Change in head position had showed high correlations with facial form (N-A-Pog angle), and there was high significance to concave group when compared with average group, but significance to convex group was not found. 4. Multiple regression equation concerning change of head position was solved. ${\Delta}FH=24.5\;+\;0.31$ NAPog + 0.43 Prominence of Chin + 0.13 Facial length -0.32 Anterior facial height.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2018

Background: In this paper, the relationship between the Cranio-Vertebral Angle (CVA) and the vital capacity in each position is reviewed, and the vital capacity in the position is studied. Methods: This study targeted 20 non-smoking female students of U university, which is located in Gyeongju-si. To review the Forward Head Posture (FHP) of each subject, CVA was measured, and FVC, FEV1, and FEF (25-75%) were measured and analyzed using a spirometer. Subjects were ordered to exhale three times with ease and then inhale up to their total lung capacity. After then, they were requested to exhale longer than six seconds. Then the inspiration and expiration were repeated. The measurement was executed in three positions, including supine, prone, and sitting. In each position the measurement was repeated twice, and a one-minute break was given between each cycle, so it was measured six times in total. SPSS 14.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data. The subjects' general properties were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the correlation between the angle and the respiration variable result in each position was analyzed. The result of the respiration variable in each position was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA, and then a Scheffe post-hoc comparison was executed. Results: According to the analysis result of the correlation between the angle and respiration variable in each position, the sitting position and FEF (25-75%) showed a positive correlation (P<0.05). The respiration variable in each position showed a significant difference in FVC (p<0.05), and the Scheffe post-hoc comparison differed in prone and sitting positions. Conclusion: To increase the FVC of FHP patients, different exercises for each position can be applied, and the result of this study can be utilized as background data for further research.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 1992

저자는 파노라마 방사선사진을 이용하여 악관절 진단시에 진단학적 유용성을 알아보기 위하여 5개의 건조 두개골을 대상으로 하악과두의 4부위에 자각 인위적으로 형성한 골편을 부착시켜 피사체를 통상적인 위치, 전방으로 25㎜ 이동시킨 위치 및 전후 반대방향으로 위치시킨 상태에서 촬영하여 그 상을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 피사체가 통상적인 위치에 있을 경우에는 골증식체가 전외부와 전중부에 있을 때 전내부와 상방부에 있을 때보다 관찰이 용이하였다 (p<0.01). 피사체가 25㎜ 전방이동한 경우에는 골증식체가 전중부와 전내부에 있을 때 전외부와 상방부에 있을 때보다 관찰이 용이하였다. (p<0.05). 피사체가 반대방향으로 위치한 경우에는 골증식체가 전중부에 있을 때 타부위에서보다 관찰이 용이 하였다 (p<0.05)