• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: An official analytical method was developed to determine etofenprox residues in agricultural commodities using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS AND RESULTS: The etofenprox residue was extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised rice grain, apple, mandarin, cabbage, and soybean. The extract was then serially purified by liquid-liquid partition and Florisil column chromatography. For rice and soybean samples, acetonitrile/n-hexane partition was additionally coupled to remove nonpolar lipids. Reversed phase HPLC using an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate etofenprox from co-extractives. Intact etofenprox was sensitively detected by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm. Recovery experiment at the quantitation limit validated that the proposed method could apparently determine the etofenprox residue at 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries from five crop samples fortified at three levels in triplicate were in the range of 93.6~106.4%. Relative standard deviations of the analytical method were all less than 10%, irrespective of crop types. A selected-ion monitoring LC/mass spectrometry with positive atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization was also provided to confirm the suspected residue. CONCLUSION(s): The proposed method is simple, rapid and sensitive enough to be employed in routine inspection or monitoring of agricultural products for the etofenprox residue.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

목 적 : IDA는 이유기 영유아에게서 흔한 영양장애이다. 본 연구는 이유기 영유아의 이유식 진행 상황 및 이유지식 등에 관해 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2006년 3월부터 2007년 7월까지 10개 대학병원에 내원한 6-36개월의 영유아 가운데, IDA로 진단된 129명 및 IDA가 없는 166명을 비교군으로 하여 분석하였다. 대상아의 부모에게서 이유식 진행 상황 및 이유지식을 묻는 문제가 포함된 설문지를 작성하도록 하였다. 결 과 : IDA군의 혈역학적 지표는 IDA가 없는 비교군과 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 생후 6개월까지 모유만 먹인 경우는 각각 85%, 34%로 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 이유식 시작시기는 각각 6.3개월, 6.4개월로 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 처음으로 시작한 음식은 두 군 모두 미음, 죽, 과즙이 80% 이상을 차지하였고, 두 군 간에 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). IDA군에서 첫 1개월 내에 여러 가지 이유식을 골고루 잘 먹게 된 경우는 40 %였고, 비교군에서는 38%였다. 두 군 모두 모유 영양아에서 철분강화 음식의 필요성을 묻는 문제의 정답률이 가장 낮았다. IDA로 진단된 환아에서 ferritin이 10 ng/mL 미만인 경우는 42%였고, mean corpuscular volume (MCV)이 72 fL 미만인 경우는 92%이었다. 결 론 : IDA를 조기에 발견하고 예방하기 위해 이유기 영유아에 있어 철저한 식이력 조사와, 고위험군에 대한 선별 검사가 필요하다. 또 철분이 함유된 이유식을 골고루 섭취하기까지의 적응 기간을 고려하여, 4-5개월에 이유식을 시작하는 것이 보다 안전한 방법으로 생각된다. 마지막으로, 현재의 이유식 지도에 있어 모유 영양아에서 철분 강화 식이의 필요성에 대하여 보호자에게 인식시킬 필요가 있다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2013

Calcium intake has been insufficient in all age groups in previous Korean national surveys. This study was conducted to investigate calcium intake in Korean and American populations at different ages. We analyzed two national survey data: the 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the 2007~2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Statistically, survey procedures were applied using the weight, cluster, and strata variables. The mean calcium intake of Koreans at ages of 1~2 y, 3~5 y, 6~11 y, 12~18 y, 19~64 y, and 65+y was lower than American populations at those ages. The sufficient proportions based on Korean Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 1~2 y, 3~5 y, 6~11 y, 12~18 y, 19~64 y, and 65+y in Koreans were 45.5%, 33.1%, 24.3%, 16.6%, 32.7%, and 19.0%. While the sufficient rates based on American EAR of 1~3 y, 4~8 y, 9~13 y, 14~18 y, 19~30 y, 31~50 y, 51~70 y, and 71+y in US population were 88.5%, 54.4%, 35.2%, 35.8%, 55.3%, 55.2%, 40.6%, and 24.5%. Overall, the major foods contributing to calcium intakes in Koreans were milk, baechukimchi, and anchovies, whereas, milk products, pasta, or bread were major contributions to calcium in American populations. The calcium supplement intakes in the American population were 5.5 mg (1~2 y), 15.5 mg (3~5 y), 13.9 mg (6~11 y), 35.7 mg (12~18 y), 150.3 mg (19~64 y) and 334.4 mg (${\geq}65$ y). These results suggest that Korean adolescents and older adults are the most insufficient in dietary calcium intakes among Koreans. In order to accurately estimate calcium intakes in Korean populations, calcium supplements and calcium-fortified foods should be considered.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

효모에서 사람의 H-, L-ferritin을 생산하기 위해서, 기존에 복제된 vector를 사용하였으며,단백질을 발현하기 위해서 각각의 증폭된 ferritin 유전자를 GALI promoter에 의해 조절되는 pYES2.1/V5-His-TOPO 효모 발현 vector에 삽입하였다. Western blot 분석을 통해서 사람의 H-, L-ferritin subunits을 함유한 재조합 효모에서 사람의 ferritin이 발현된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) 분석을 통해서 형질변환된 효모의 철 함유량이 대조군과 비교하여 $1.6{\sim}l.8$배 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 향후 ferritin이 함유된 형질변환 효모를 사용하여 잠재적으로 철이 강화된 영양성분을 기능성 식품과 사료에 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1996

Infanthood is a crucial period when mental and emotional developments take place along with physical growth. Adequate supply of nutrition is essential during this period and there is an urgent need for proper education and guidance on balanced nutrition. Therefore, this study was designed to assess to current status of lactation and to investigate mothers' perspectives on human milk and formular milk. As random samples for this study, a total of 352 mothers having infant under the age of 4 were surveyed. 27.3% of mother surveyed were breast-feeding, 38.0% were formula-feeding and 34.7% were mixed-feeding. According to the result of this study, the percentage of breast feeding was on the decrease, while the dependence on formular milk was on the rise. The main reason of formula-feeding was insufficient secretion of human milk on mothers part. The major factors that affect to select feeding method were employment status, degree of education, family income and age. Also, the interviewees desired the product fortified with special ingredients that are hot contained in formular milk currently available in the market. The most concerned problem of formula milk was indigestion and the interviewees wanted the formular milk to be improved digestibility.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of 30 restaurants targeted for customized-visit consulting. For this process, experts visited restaurants and conducted consulting to improve the effectiveness of management for restaurants. A frequency analysis was used for general details, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to consult employees and customer groups. The analysis and consulting results were as follows: Firstly,menu need to be improved through restaurants' sanitary state and menu quality improvement. New menu should be developed through continuous training for restaurant operators, the relevant organizations, and cooking skill experts. Secondly, restaurants' cooking skill and knowledge should be secured by training of restaurant operators from the relevant organizations and experts to acquire cooking skills. In conclusion, restaurants' capability needs to be consolidated through persistent and cyclical process to maintain competitive menus and cooking skills. The results also showed that employee group's MOT, foods, menu, and facility education/training should be fortified. In order to reinvigorate the restaurant industry, marketers need to offer continuous education/training and consulting for employees to improve their satisfaction.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2012

식물미네랄(phyto-minerals) 함량을 높인 미네랄강화 농작물(biofortification foods)을 개발하기 위하여 전기분해를 이용하여 10종(Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, Zn, Li, Sn, V, Ti, Se, S)의 미량요소를 함유하는 복합미네랄액을 조제하였다. 양액과 SCB 액비에 복합미량요소액을 방울토마토 처리한 결과 양액+복합미량요소액 처리구는 Li, Zn, Sr, Se, Ti이 증가되었고, SCB+복합미량요소액 처리구는 Li, Zn, Se, Co, Sr, Ti 함량이 유의성있게 증가하였다. 양액+SCB+복합미량요소액 처리구는 SCB액비, NS액비 처리구보다 Li, Zn, Se, Co, Ti 함량이 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 토마토의 생육과 수량은 양액처리구에서 가장 높았고, 복합 미량요소액 처리로 감소하였다. 토마토의 수량은 표준양액처리구와 비교할때 NS+복합미량요소액 처리구와 SCB+양액+복합 미량요소액 혼합시용구는 각각 97%와 94%의 토마토 과실 수량를 나타내었으나 미량요소 강화효과가 있었으므로 혼합용액을 조제하면 토마토 재배용 양액으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate physicochemical and sensory properties, the texture profile, and antioxidant activity of ginseng extract-supplemented quark cheese as a new cheese product intended to improve public health. After addition of less than 1.0% ginseng extract, the moisture content of quark significantly decreased, while fat and protein levels increased, although microbial counts and lactose and ash contents were not affected significantly (p<0.05). In terms of color, $L^*$ values decreased significantly with increasing concentration of ginseng extract, while $a^*$ values increased significantly (p<0.05). The results of texture profiling showed that cohesiveness and springiness were unaffected, whereas hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased significantly. The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities of the cheese fortified with 0%, 0.5%, or 1.0% of the ginseng extract were $4.22%{\pm}0.12%$, $20.14%{\pm}1.34%$, and $56.32%{\pm}1.54%$, respectively. The results of sensory analysis indicated that bitterness, ginseng odor, and aftertaste significantly improved with increasing concentration of ginseng extract (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the overall quality attributes of quark cheese between the no-supplement control and samples with less than 0.5% of the ginseng extract (p>0.05), suggesting that these products could help to promote public health as functional foods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 2009

학동기 아동은 신체 발육이 왕성하고 평생의 식습관을 형성하는 과정인 만큼 칼슘확보를 위한 다양한 시도가 필요하다. 본 연구는 우유나 유 가공품을 기피하거나 충분히 섭취하지 못하는 일부 아동들의 식생활을 보완할 수 있도록 학교급식에서 공급할 수 있는 고칼슘음식의 개발을 시도하였다. 이를 바탕으로 경기도 초등학교 영양사를 대상으로 칼슘영양 및 칼슘강화에 대한 인식과 개발된 칼슘급원음식의 수용도를 설문조사하여 분석하였다. 조사대상 영양사(총 118명)들의 90% 이상이 학교급식 식단구성에서 칼슘의 중요성은 잘 인식하고 있었다. 학교급식에서 우유공급은 79.7%의 영양사가 '매일' 또는 '일부' 한다고 응답하였다. 우유 외에 칼슘공급 음식개발의 필요성은 80%의 영양사가 인식하고 있었으나 실제 개발은 30% 수준이었다. 20종의 개발된 고칼슘 음식의 칼슘함유량이 1식당 학교급식 칼슘권장량을 초과한 음식은 3종이었으며 수용도 4점 이상(최고 5점)을 받은 음식은 2종으로 제한되었다. 참치추어강정, 무청김치치즈전, 치즈멸치볼, 무청갈비찜은 칼슘함량과 수용도 모두에서 우수하였다. 수용도는 연령에 영향을 받아 20대 영양사군에서 높았다. 칼슘강화식품에 대한 인식은 사용에 긍정적인 응답이 41.5%, 부정적 응답이 33.0%였다. 사용정도는 '사용한다'는 38.1%, '사용하지 않는다'는 응답이 48.4%에 달하였다. 칼슘강화식품에 대하여 대상자들은(70.3%) 잘 인지하고 있었으며 칼슘강화식품 사용의사에 대해서는 39.8%가 '있다', 33.1%는 '없다'고 응답하였다. 칼슘강화식품에 대하여 20대군이 30대 이상 군에 비해 칼슘강화식품에 대한 긍정적인 생각과 높은 이용의도를 보였다. 학교급식에서 우유공급을 하지 않는 군이 공급 군들에 비하여 칼슘강화식품에 대해 더 긍정적 인식을 가졌으며 칼슘강화식품 사용정도와 이용의도가 유의적이지는 않으나 높았다. 또한 칼슘공급 음식개발 필요성을 높게 인식하거나 많이 개발하는 군에서 칼슘강화식품에 대해 더 긍정적이었으나, 실제 사용 정도 및 이용의도에서는 차이가 없었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium (Se) supplementation level on Se contents of green tea and milk vetch. Four different concentrations of sodium selenite ($Na_2SeO_3$) solutions (0.0, 3.3, 33.0 and 165.0${\mu}g/mL$) were prepared and one liter of each solution was well mixed with 10 kg of compost (cowpea soil) to give four different levels of Se-containing soil: $T_1$, 0; $T_2$, 33; $T_3$, 330; $T_4$, and 1,650${\mu}g$/100 g soil. Green tea plants and milk vetch were individually cultivated in those soils for 60 days. Se contents of freeze-dried green tea leaves were 6.87, 10.40, 12.04, and 20.19 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively; all of which were significantly different (p<0.05) from the others except for $T_2$ and $T_3$. The results showed that Se-contents of green tea leaves were increased 1.5$\sim$2.9 times as the Se level in the soil increased. Regression equation between Se contents in green tea (Y) and soil Se supplementation level (X) was: Y=0.007X＋8.857. However, Se contents in the milk vetch were increased significantly (p<0.05) more with the same treatments $T_3$ (74 ${\mu}g/g$) and $T_4$ (187$\mu$g/g) in comparison to those at $T_1$ (5.0 ${\mu}g/g$) and $T_2$ (12.0$\mu$g/g). The increases ranged from approximately between 2.4 to 37.4 times that of the control group. Regression equation between Se contents in milk vetch (Y) and soil Se supplementation level (X) was: Y=0.1063X＋15.989. The large difference of Se contents between green tea leaves and milk vetch would be attributed by the difference of protein contents between the 30% or higher protein-content of legumes and 15$\sim$20% protein of shrubs. The present study clearly indicates that green tea leaves and milk vetch can be enriched in selenium by supplementing the soil with Se. Therefore, Se-enriched green tea or milk vetch powder could be utilized as functional foods in Se-fortified green tea drinks or salads, or as food additives to enhance the daily intake of Se.