• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.544-548
• /
• 1997

Effects of four kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity(W.H.C) and protein solubility of yellow-corvenia(Pseudosciance manchurica) and hair tail(Trichurus lepturns) meat paste were investigated. The formulations of four kinds of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphates such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyro-phosphate, sodium acid pyro-phosphate, potassium pyro-phosphate, sodium tetra meta-phosphate, sodium ultra meta-phosphate and sodium hexa meta-phosphate, and monoglyceride at different mixture ratios. Among the four kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 50%, sodium pyro-phosphate 20%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 20%, sodium acid pyrophosphate 5% and sodium ultra meta-phosphate 5% was most effective on enhancing the W.H.C and protein solubility of yellow corvenia meat paste, and in case of hair tail meat paste, phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 40%, sodium pyro-phosphate 30%, potassium pyro-phosphate 15%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 10%, and sodium hexa meta-phosphate 5% was more effective than other phosphate complex, and their optimum addition level was 0.4% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat paste product) were evaluated as best when 0.3% of phosphate B complex was added. The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 45 minutes at 85$^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2005

The herbicide molinate has been detected with high frequency in the main river during the growing season in Korea. To elucidate the exposure of molinate in agricultural environment, the persistence and the degradation characteristics of molinate were investigated in paddy ecosystems. The half-lives of molinate were 4.1 days with soil aquatic system, and 4.2 days in only aquatic system. Initial dissipation rate of molinate in water was greater with soil aquatic system than that of only aquatic system. Photolysis of molinate was occurred about 31.0% of molinate treated in pure water, when irradiated at 5,530 $J/cm^2$ by the xenon lamp, but its hydrolysis was stable. For the accelerated photolysis of molinate in aqueous solution, several photosensitizers were screened, showing that the hydroperoxide($H_2O_2$) and acetone were prominent among the chemical tested. When hydroperoxide and zinkoxide(ZnO) were used as photosensitizer, their photolysis were accelerated greater than 98% and 58% in aqueous solution, respectively. Elution rate of molinate as granular formulations in aqueous system was more than 90% in 30 hour at $35^{\circ}C$. Molinate concentration pattern in paddy water was rapidly decrease from treatment till 7 days in paddy rice field and its half-lives were 3.7 days($Y=1.9258{\times}e^{-0.1865X}$(r=-0.9402)).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.266-273
• /
• 2011

Although turmeric has numerous pharmacological effects, the poor water-solubility of curcuminoids, active components of turmeric, restricts their systemic availability in orally administered formulations and limits their therapeutic potential. In this study we attempted turmeric fermentation using several probiotic bacteria to improve its solubility, and also investigated the effects of turmeric and fermented turmeric on anti-inflammatory activity. Fermented turmeric, by L. johnsonii IDCC 9203, more strongly inhibited LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines than non-fermented turmeric and fermented turmeric by other probiotic strains. We used an NC/Nga mouse model for mite antigen-induced atopic dermatitis to examine the efficacy of the fermented turmeric. Fermented turmeric-fed mice exhibited a significantly reduced serum IgE level and mitigated acute inflammation. When the fermented turmeric was pre-treated by oral administration, it had more preventive activity against acute anaphylactic reaction than the non-fermented group. In addition, we observed that fermentation of turmeric leads to increased water-solubility of curcumin and a change in the active components ratios for bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycrucumin and curcumin. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that fermented turmeric by L. johnsonii IDCC 9203 could be used as a functional food ingredient for improving treatments for atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.3
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2009

In this study, linear programming was applied to a case study in Gwangreung Experimental Forest of Korea Forest Research Institute investigating the effect of the desired future conditions on forest management. Considering the social, economic and ecological demands of people from the forest, the forest functions were classified into four including natural conservation, timber production, water yield and scenic conservation. The forest land areas were divided into four-types of forest functional zones and forest management prescriptions including the desired future conditions by the forest function type were established. The Model II linear programming was used in optimizing the forest management planning. The model includes management policies, as the constraints, for non-declining yield, allowable cutting area, allowable % age class distribution and allowable % species allocation as well as the land and other accounting regimes. Maximization of timber production was used the objective function. Based on the Model II formulations, the effects of the desired future conditions by the forest function type on forest management planning were investigated in terms of timber production, net present value and stand structures over time.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.5-22
• /
• 2004

The notion of independence is currently a focal point in public discourses in relation to the elderly. In most countries, the promotion of independence, not the alleviation of dependence, has been addressed as a priority goal in the formulation of social policies for the elderly and the term of independence is used in policy documents as if it were unproblematic. In most cases, policy documents do not offer a clear definition of independence, but generally the term is interpreted as self-sufficiency and health. Accordingly, in order to promote independence of the elderly, concrete strategies such as employment, social activities, participation, direct payments are being introduced in many advanced countries. This study critically reviews these discourses and strategies, and attempts at developing an understanding of how independence and dependence is constructed in contemporary social policies for the elderly. It is our critical point that we explores the meaning of the independence and dependence from the perspective of the elderly. Findings of this study are as follows: The elderly participated in this study tended to construct the meaning of 'independence' as privacy, self-esteem, autonomy and freedom. They also tended to perceive and interpret, from their perspective, the 'dependence' as a natural law and process, affection among human beings, reward and fruit of their lives, social justice and social responsibility. In this sense current policies for the elderly have not fully reflected the perspective of the elderly. Therefore, it is argued what is important in policy formulations for the elderly is to make efforts to reflect the perspective of the elderly on policy-makings for the elderly in terms of independence and dependence.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2015

In this research, water and ethanol extract of Momordica charantia shells, fruits and seeds were tested to see possibility as natural functional cosmetic agent. Water and ethanol extract showed 69.45 mg/g and 70.87 mg/g polyphenol concentration, respectively. Momordica charantia water and ethanol extracts did not indicate cell toxicity up to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in MTT assay. Tyrosinase inhibition effects of water and ethanol extract were lower than arbutin, however, ethanol extract showed better DOPA oxidation inhibition effect than arbutin. Elastase inhibition effects of ethanol extract displayed similar efficacy with adenosine at higher concentrations. Solution formulations (5% extract) were stable for 28 days in both extracts, however, lotion formulation (1% extract) showed considerable variation in viscosity whereas ethanol extraction indicated relative stability. In conclusion, water and ethanol extract of Momordica charantia shells, fruits and seeds indicated strong possibility for whitening and antiwrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 1997

A simple, accurate and reproducible capillary electrophoresis(CE) assay has been developed for the determination of berberine, cinnamic acid, and glycyrrhizin which are used in traditional Korean medicinal preparations. Separation of these compounds was performed in 20 mM phosphate buffer(pH 7.5) and acetonitrile(75:25, v/v) using a bare fused silica capillary($57 cm{\times}75 {\mu}m$ i.d.) at 25$^{\circ}C$. With the electric field of 350 V/cm, the time needed for the separation of berberine, cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizin was within 13 min. Calibration curves were linear for 1∼100 ${\mu}g/mL$ berberine, 0.3∼100 ${\mu}g/mL$ cinnamic acid and 2.5∼100 ${\mu}g/mL$ glycyrrhizin. The ranges of relative standard deviations(n=5) for those samples were between 0.96∼2.35%. The limits of detection(S/N=3) for berberine, cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizin were 0.5, 0.1 and 2.0 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The numbers of theoretical plates were 181,000(berberine), 88,000(cinnamic acid) and 169,000(glycyrrhizin), while they were 3,100∼4,800 in HPLC.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.583-590
• /
• 2016

This paper presents a dynamic crack propagation algorithm with Rayleigh damping effect based on the MLS(Moving Least Squares) Difference Method. Dynamic equilibrium equation and constitutive equation are derived by considering Rayliegh damping and governing equations are discretized by the MLS derivative approximation; the proportional damping, which has not been properly treated in the conventional strong formulations, was implemented in both the equilibrium equation and constitutive equation. Dynamic equilibrium equation including time relevant terms is integrated by the Central Difference Method and the discrete equations are simplified by lagging the velocity one step behind. A geometrical feature of crack is modeled by imposing the traction-free condition onto the nodes placed at crack surfaces and the effect of movement and addition of the nodes at every time step due to crack growth is appropriately reflected on the construction of total system. The robustness of the proposed numerical algorithm was proved by simulating single and multiple crack growth problems and the effect of proportional damping on the dynamic crack propagation analysis was effectively demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2017

The longitudinal dynamic instability which can occur in the fueling process of a space launch vehicle is called pogo. It is caused by coupling between the fuselage and propulsion system and they would be formed as a closed-loop system. so that the amplitude of the response may increase or decrease. In this paper, a mathematical model which is applicable to the systematic pogo analysis of a general launch vehicle is developed for an example of space shuttle. The formulations are composed of the linearized second-order differential equation for the propulsion system, and of the pressure, weight displacement, and generalized displacement. Those are important parameters for pogo analysis, are derived through eigenvalue analysis. By the formulation suggested in this paper, it is expected that mathematical modeling method of the pogo system can be obtained and systematic pogo stability analysis for any launch vehicle will be enabled.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2003

The clinical efficacies of Korean Red Ginseng for improving sexual function has been reported only by self-reporting questionnaires.AVS-Penogram is a method evaluating natural penile blood flow changes by Gamma-camera after intravenous injection of Techmetium 99$\^$m/-RBC and also stimulating by erotic video tape. To more objectively evaluate the efficacies of Korean Red Ginseng for erectile function, we applied AVS-Penogram as a objective diagnostic tool. AVS-Penogram studies were done in 28 patients with erectile dysfunction after administration of Red Ginseng(19) or placebo(9) group. The pattern of AVS-Penogram before medication were normal type in 4, impossible in 2, unstable in 20, delayed in 1, and mixed in 1. The unstable type were the most prevalent observed in 71.4% of all patients. The patterns of AVS-penogram were 2.2. 13.1 in Red Ginseng group, while in placebo group normal 2, unstable 7. After 4 weeks in Red Ginseng group, there were 3 cases of improved penogram findings, while only 1 in placebo group. There were no statistical significancies in the type of penogram changes on both group. But the maximum radioactivity were improved in 11 patients(57.9%) in Red Ginseng group, while 2(22.2%) in placebo group. There were statistical significancies in comparing the maximal radioactivity of penogram on both group. These AVS-Penogram findings shows, encouraging results of by increased penile blood flow Korean Red Ginseng our medication. Further study is more needed to reconfirm these results by more concentrated active formulations of sapanonin St other active ginsenosides. These promising results will lead to develop a new remedy for erectile dysfunction by Korean Red Ginseng