• Mycobiology
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2007

Systemic effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains, viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf4) and P. aeruginosa (Pag), was evaluated on pea (Pisum sativum) against the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe pisi. Foliar spray of the two PGPR strains was done on specific nodal leaves of pea and conidial germination of E. pisi was observed on other nodal leaves, distal to the treated ones. Conidial germination was reduced on distant leaves and at the same time, specific as well as total phenolic compounds increased in the leaves distal to those applied with PGPR strains, thereby indicating a positive correlation. The strains induced accumulation of phenolic compounds in pea leaves and the amount increased when such leaves were get inoculated with E. pisi conidia. Between the two strains, Pag was found to be more effective than Pf4 as its effect was more persistent in pea leaves. Foliar application of PGPR strains for the control of powdery mildew of pea is demonstrated in vitro while correlating it with the increased accumulation of plant phenolics.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.334-344
• /
• 2022

Bacterial wilt is a re-emerging disease on dry bean and can affect many other crop species within the Fabaceae. The causal agent, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CFF), is a small, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is seed-transmitted. Infections in the host become systemic, leading to wilting and economic loss. Clean seed programs and bactericidal seed treatments are two critical management tools. This study characterizes the efficacies of five bactericidal chemicals against CFF. It was hypothesized that this bacterium was capable of forming biofilms, and that the cells within biofilms would be more tolerant to bactericidal treatments. The minimum biocide eradication concentration assay protocol was used to grow CFF biofilms, expose the biofilms to bactericides, and enumerate survivors compared to a non-treated control (water). Streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate had EC95 values at the lowest concentrations and are likely the best candidates for seed treatment products for controlling seed-borne bacterial wilt of bean. The results showed that CFF formed biofilms during at least two phases of the bacterial wilt disease cycle, and the biofilms were much more difficult to eradicate than their planktonic counterparts. Overall, biofilm formation by CFF is an important part of the bacterial wilt disease cycle in dry edible bean and antibiofilm bactericides such as streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate may be best suited for use in disease management.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.301-314
• /
• 2022

The moisture and dimensional behaviors of a nail-laminated timber (NLT)-concrete slab composed of an NLT-plywood composite and topping concrete are monitored for 385 days. The slab is developed for using as flexural elements such as floors. The humidity control of wood gently introduces significant fluctuations under the ambient relative humidity into the slab, and fluctuations in the relative humidity result in dimensional changes. The equilibrium moisture content of the slab increases from 6.7% to 15.3% during the monitoring period, resulting in a width (radial) strain of 0.58%. The length (longitudinal) strain is negligible, and the height (tangential) strain is excluded from the analysis because of abstruse signal patterns generated. Concrete pouring causes a permanent increase in the width of the NLT-plywood composite. However, the width deforms because the weight of the concrete mixture loosens the nail-laminated structure, not because of the significant amount of moisture in the mixture. The dimensional stabilization effect of the nail-laminated system is demonstrated as the composite strain is lower than the total strain of lumber and plywood, which are elements constituting the nail-laminated structure.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1299-1308
• /
• 2023

Carya cathayensis is an important economic nut tree that is endemic to eastern China. As such, outbreaks of root rot disease in C. cathayensis result in reduced yields and serious economic losses. Moreover, while soil bacterial communities play a crucial role in plant health and are associated with plant disease outbreaks, their diversity and composition in C. cathayensis are not clearly understood. In this study, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were found to be the most dominant bacterial communities (accounting for approximately 80.32% of the total) in the root tissue, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil of healthy C. cathayensis specimens. Further analysis revealed the abundance of genera belonging to Proteobacteria, namely, Acidibacter, Bradyrhizobium, Paraburkholderia, Sphaerotilus, and Steroidobacter, was higher in the root tissues of healthy C. cathayensis specimens than in those of diseased and dead trees. In addition, the abundance of four genera belonging to Actinobacteria, namely, Actinoallomurus, Actinomadura, Actinocrinis, and Gaiella, was significantly higher in the root tissues of healthy C. cathayensis specimens than in those of diseased and dead trees. Altogether, these results suggest that disruption in the balance of these bacterial communities may be associated with the development of root rot in C. cathayensis, and further, our study provides theoretical guidance for the isolation and control of pathogens and diseases related to this important tree species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2000

The objective of this study was to introduce the current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. 1. In order to change the recent direction of the forest conservation and erosion control projects which are focused on the restoration of stream side ecology, we have to quit the past erosion control policy such as water control purpose, and establish new plans regarding on the forest conservation and erosion control which is considered the regional environmental restoration of watershed. 2. When we restore stream side and river side ecosystem, we should establish restoration plans which can keep the original nature of stream and river. 3. The forest conservation and erosion control construction projects for the restoration of stream and river ecosystem should be planned for the perfect restoration of their ecosystem by way of sustainable maintenance and management. 4. The restoration direction of stream and river ecosystem needs to be planned to restore the diversity of small geographies such as waterway, shoal and puddles rather than flattening of stream bed. 5. The main principle in the restoration of stream and river ecosystem is to accomplish forest conservation and erosion control construction projects which can conserve the existing stream and river ecosystem.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.812-826
• /
• 2012

국내 수목장에 대한 국민의 관심증대와 수목장 확산을 위한 정부 관계기관의 노력에도 불구하고 수목장 선택 비율은 여전히 저조한 실정이다. 따라서 어떠한 요인이 수목장 선택행동에 영향을 미치는 지를 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Ajzen의 계획행동이론(Theory of Planned Behavior: TPB)을 적용하여 태도(Attitude: ATT), 주관적 규범(Subjective Norm: SN), 지각된 행동통제(Perceived Behavioral Control: PBC) 및 관습(Custom: CUST)과 수목장 선택 의도(Intention: INT)와의 관계를 조사하였다. 2011년 9월중 광주광역시 시민을 대상으로 행정구역별로(동구, 서구, 남구, 북구, 광산구) 비례층화추출법을 이용하여 표본을 선정하였으며 총 412명의 응답이 본 연구를 위해 이용되었다. 구조방정식 모델링 결과, 4개 변수(ATT, SN, PBC, CUST) 모두 수목장 선택의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 영향력은 SN(${\beta}$=0.459), ATT(${\beta}$=0.247), PBC(${\beta}$=0.152), CUST(${\beta}$=0.102) 순으로 크게 조사되었으며 이들 4개 변수는 수목장 선택의도의 53.0%를 설명하였다. 연구결과에 대한 토의와 수목장 참여의도 및 행동 증진을 위한 몇 가지 방안을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.429-434
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 긴병꽃풀에 대한 항염증 효과를 검증함으로써 천연 기능성 소재로서의 사용 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 대식세포(Raw264.7)에서 긴병꽃풀 70% 에탄올 추출물의 세포 생존율을 확인한 결과 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 95.8%의 생존율을 보였고, 특히 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 37.4%의 Nitric oxide (NO) 발현을 감소시키는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. Western blot과 RT-PCR을 이용한 실험에서는 대조군인 Vit. C와 비교하였을 때 긴병꽃풀 추출물에서 iNOS와 COX-2의 mRNA 발현이 억제되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 종합하였을 때 긴병꽃풀 추출물의 항염증 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제83권4호
• /
• pp.498-504
• /
• 1994

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 최근(最近) 잣나무넓적잎벌이 국부적(局部的)으로 대발생(大發生)하여 잣나무에 치명적(致命的) 피해(被害)를 가(加)하고, 또한 급진적(急進的)으로 확산(擴散)되고 있는 중부지방(中部地方)의 잣나무임분(林分)에 대(對)하여 해충(害蟲)에 의(依)한 피해(被害)가 잣구과(毬果)의 화아형성(花芽形成)과 구과(毬果) 및 종자생산량(種字生產量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하여 경제적(經濟的) 피해수준(被害水準)을 결정(決定)하고 방제전략(防除戰略)의 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공(提供)하기 위(爲)하여 경기도(京畿道) 가평군(加平郡)의 임분(林分)을 대상(對象)으로 실시(實施)하였으며 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 잣나무넓적잎벌 피해(被害)로 인(因)한 잣나무구과(毬果)의 화아형성(花芽形成) 저해(沮害)는 엽손실율(葉損失率) 30-40% 범위(範圍)에서부터 나타나며 70% 이상(以上)에서는 착과현상(着果現象)은 거의 일어나지 않았다. 2. 2년생(年生) 구과(毬果)에서의 착과율(着果率)과 현존량(現存量)의 감소(減少)는 엽손실율(葉損失率) 61-70% 범위(範圍)에서 부터 나타나며 잣종실생산(種實生產)에 미치는 엽손실율(葉損失率)의 허용한계수준(許容限界水準)은 51% 범위(範圍)였다. 3. 잣나무넓적잎벌 피해(被害)로 인(因)한 잣나무의 생장저해(生長沮害)는 엽손실율(葉損失率) 50% 범위(範圍)에서, 그리고 구과(毬果)의 생산량(生產量)을 저해(沮害)하는 엽손실율(葉損失率)의 범위(範圍)는 30~40%이다. 따라서 본해충(本害蟲)의 구제(驅除)를 대상(對象)으로 하는 피해허용한계(被害許容限界)는 목재생산(木材生產)과 구과생산(毬果生產)의 두 경우(境遇)로서 엽손실율(葉損失率) 각각(各各) 50%와 30% 수준(水準)인 것으로 추정(推定)된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제89권3호
• /
• pp.422-430
• /
• 2000

화강암 모재의 갈색산림토양에 3년생 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis) 묘목을 이식하여 1999년 4월 21일부터 11월 17일까지 210일간 pH 5.6(대조구), 4.0, 3.0, 2.5 및 2.0의 인공산성우를 조제하여 살포한 결과, 잣나무 묘목의 가시장해는 pH 2.5 및 pH 2.0 처리구에서 관찰되었다. 잎과 뿌리 그리고 개체 건중량은 대조구에 비해 pH 2.0 처리구에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며, T/R비는 타 처리구에 비해 pH 2.0 처리구에서 현저히 증가하였다. 잣나무 묘목의 각 기관내 원소성분을 분석한 결과, 잎의 Ca, P농도 및 chlorophyll함량은 대조구에 비해 pH 2.0 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, N농도는 모든 기관에 있어서 처리구 pH가 감소함에 따라 증가하였다. 잣나무 묘목을 육성한 토양을 분석한 결과, 처리구의 pH가 감소함에 따라 토양 pH가 저하되고 Ca, Mg, Al 및 Mn 농도가 증가하였는데, 특히 토양 pH 4.4 전후에서 급격한 증가를 보였다. 한편, 잣나무 묘목의 개체건중량과 토양의 pH 및 Al농도와의 사이에 각각 높은 상관(r=0.90, p<0.05 ; r=-0.94, p<0.01)이 인정되었다. 이 결과는 토양의 pH 및 Al농도는 산림수종의 생장에 미치는 산성우의 영향평가에 있어 중요한 지표가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1989

^x As mentioned above, I consider the change of role that is related with Japanese thought of Natural Environmental Conservation, and I divide each part of periods into forest, farmland, open space, urban planning, environmental conservation etc. To summary the content of each period of Natural Environmental Conservation thought is as follows. 1) Previous period before formation(before 1919) In the previous period of Meiji, it could be said that the consciousness of the Natural Environmental Conservation was coming to existence. In this, so called, Natural Environmental Conservation, the thought of Forest Preservation was the main current and it was the thought of territorial integrity for the security of resource, the forestry conservancy and flood control in the forestry farmland. Since the age of Meiji, the theory of Natural Conservation appears from the theory of Japanese landscaping and systematic management about public parks was enforced, but the regular theory of Natural Environmental Conservation did not attain full growth. 2) The period of formation(1919~ 1954) In the period of formation, the base of Natural Environmental Conservation had been established. Parks and Open spaces were admitted as a public facilities in each city, and legislations which supported it had been continuously enacted and so on. In this period, the afforestation counter plan was emphasized on the side of territorial integrity. In the mountainous district. tree planting was emphasized to recover the forest which had been destroied by war. 3) The period of development(1955~ 1974) In the period of development, varied policies was institutionalized for the Natural Environmental Conservation. However, all sorts of development policy had performed simultaneously, thus development had complicated relation with preservation. But after 1970's the framework of system of Natural Environmental Conservation improvement was constituted to control the many kinds of development, and the spontaneous campaign of nature preservation by private lead was being taken root. This is the more progressive period. 4) The pried of root(after 1975) After the latter of 1970's, the role of Natural Environmental Conservation began to take root not in the direction of control but inducement, and, getting out of development - oriented policy, aimed at relation between human being and natural environment and the side of amenity of human environment. Besides, the current of Natural Environmental Conservation had been seperately progressed in the cities and forests. Since this period, it was the character that cities and forests began to be unified as 'amenity'space of man.