• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 2020

In this study, forest-related research papers published in North Korean journals were analyzed to understand the research trends in North Korean forest science. The Korea Science and Technology Information Institute (KISTI) North Korea Science and Technology Network (NKtech) is constructing a database related to science and technology in North Korea. From this, a total of 1,389 articles published from 1962 to 2016 were collected with forest science key words based on the South Korean National Science and Technology Standard Classification System. The topics were divided into four categories: afforestation, forest protection, forest use, and forest management. In the field of afforestation, research activities on nursery and agroforestry were active, and the survival rate was emphasized. In the forest protection field, there was a significant research effort into forest pests, and efforts were being made to reduce soil erosion through agroforestry. In the field of forest use, research activities on pulp/paper and mushrooms were active. In the forest management field, activities related to "ecological information" were conspicuous, and efforts were being made to reduce carbon. These results suggest that the perspective of North Korean forest research has changed from nature reorganization to nature protection. Thus, a comparative study on forest science and technology in each sub-sector of the forest research field, along with analysis of the relationship between policy direction and research direction of North Korea over time, would be worthwhile future investigations. To overcome the problem of technical terminology, a compilation/dictionary of inter-Korean forestry terminology would be useful for effective communication between the two Koreas.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2011

The objectives of this research were to predict land-use/land-cover change at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (SERS) and to analyze its consequences on the distribution for Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus), which is a popular species for bird-watching activity. The Dyna-CLUE model was used to determine land-use allocation between 2008 and 2020 under two scenarios. Trend scenario was a continuation of recent land-use change (2002-2008), while the integrated land-use management scenario aimed to protect 45% of study area under intact forest, rehabilitated forest and reforestation for renewable energy. The maximum entropy model (Maxent), Geographic Information System (GIS) and FRAGSTATS package were used to predict bird occurrence and assess landscape fragmentation indices, respectively. The results revealed that parts of secondary growth, agriculture areas and dry dipterocarp forest close to road networks would be converted to other land use classes, especially eucalyptus plantation. Distance to dry evergreen forest, distance to secondary growth and distance to road were important factors for Black-crested Bulbul distribution because this species prefers to inhabit ecotones between dense forest and open woodland. The predicted for occurrence of Black-crested Bulbul in 2008 covers an area of 3,802 ha and relatively reduces to 3,342 ha in 2020 for trend scenario and to 3,627 ha for integrated-land use management scenario. However, intact habitats would be severely fragmented, which can be noticed by total habitat area, largest patch index and total core area indices, especially under the trend scenario. These consequences are likely to diminish the recreation and education values of the SERS to the public.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

This study analyzes the climate change in Korea and its impact on the occurrence of forest fire events. The forest fire occurrences in Korea tend to concentrate around large cities. In addition, the spatial distribution of the forest fire occurrence seems to agree with local climate conditions. Though the occurrence of the forest fire shows strong interannual variation, it also exhibits a positive trend. Because the forest fire frequently occurs during early spring, we examined long term climate variability in Korea for the early spring seasons. The climate change in Korea generally has brought warmer, drier, and less precipitable conditions during the early spring. The changes of the atmospheric conditions provide favorable condition for the forest fire. The climate changes in Korea also depict distinct spatial variability according to the atmospheric variables. We compared the regional trend of the fire occurrence with the climate trends. The results show the sharpest growing in the forest fire occurrence over southwest of Korea. This study suggests that the decrease in the precipitation day might affect the sharp increasement of the forest fire occurrence in the southwest of Korea.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.69
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• pp.77-104
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the research trend of forest play. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the vitalization of forest play research by analyzing the research period, research content, and research methods. For this study, 57 domestic master's and doctoral dissertations were extracted through the National Assembly Library and the Research Information Sharing Service(RISS) with the keywords of 'forest', 'play', and 'forest play'. The frequency and percentage were calculated by analyzing forest play research based on four criteria: research period, research content, research method, and research subject. As a result of the research, first, the trend of forest play research by period is from 2011 to 2021, with 49 articles (85.9%) for master's degrees and 8 articles (14.1%) for doctor's degrees. Second, the trend by research content was found to be 16 basic studies (28.1%) and 41 practical studies (71.9%). Forest play research is being actively conducted centered on practical research. Third, the trends by research method were in the order of 39 quantitative studies (68.4%), 17 qualitative studies (29.8%), and 1 literature study (1.8%). Forest play research is focused on quantitative research, and comparatively qualitative research and literature research account for a low proportion. Fourth, the trend by study subject was 56 single subject studies (98.2%). The single subjects were 52 children (91.2%), 3 teachers (5.2%), and 1 parent (1.8%). As for the mixed subjects, there is one study (1.8%) targeting children and parents, and it is necessary to conduct a study with mixed subjects. As for the study of material subjects, 42 articles (73.7%) in the natural environment, 13 articles (22.8%) in educational institutions, and 2 articles (3.5%) in the media were found in the order. Research on the home environment related to forest play is insufficient, so research on parents, children-parents, and home environment related to forest play should be conducted in the future.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

The high costs for ethanol production with lignocellulosic biomass as a second generation energy materials currently deter commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass, especially wood biomass which is considered as the most recalcitrant material for enzymatic hydrolysis mainly due to the high lignified structure and the nature of the lignin component. Therefore, overcoming recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass for converting carbohydrates into sugar that can subsequently be converted into biobased fuels and biobased products is the primary technical and economic challenge for bioconversion process. This study was mainly reviewed on the research trend of the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis for lignocellulosic biomass after pretreatment in bioethanol production process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plantation thinning on physical and mechanical properties of Larix kaempferi. Tree samples were obtained from unthinned, moderately, heavily thinned plantations where located in Kwangryung forest research stand. The effects of different thinning methods on the bending and parallel to grain compressive strengths of Larix kaempferi were explored. Average latewood ratio with various thinning treatments revealed the trend of unthinning < moderate thinning < heavy thinning treatment. Average annual ring width with various thinning treatments showed the trend of unthinning < moderate thinning or heavy thinning treatment. Average bending and parallel to grain compressive strengths with various thinning treatments revealed the trend of unthinning > moderate thinning > heavy thinning treatment. This indicates that thinning treatment reduces average bending and parallel to grain compressive strength properties.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.377-382
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• 2021

In order to advance forest resource management, it is necessary to solve problems such as the aging of forest-related industry workers and the field investigation system centered on manpower. Therefore, in this study, the trend of establishment and utilization of overseas forest geospatial information applied with the latest technology for scientific forest resource management was investigated to identify the domestic application plan. Overseas, photogrammetry and LiDAR technologies were being used to construct and utilize forest geospatial information. In the case of photogrammetry, it was used to measure the volume of vegetation, diameter, and tree height. And LiDAR technology has been applied to the measurement of diameter, and tree height. Through the analysis of overseas cases, it was identified how to construct forest geospatial information using photogrammetry and LiDAR, and it was found that LiDAR showed higher accuracy than photogrammetry. In the future, if the construction of forest geospatial information using various LiDAR sensors are performed and the accuracy and work efficiency are analyzed, it will be possible to present the possibility of using new technologies in the construction of forest geospatial information in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1313-1318
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• 2007

Illicium anisatum was bred under four different light intensity. Those condition were full sunlight(PPFD $1600{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 30% treatment(PPFD $400{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), 50% treatment(PPFD $250{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) and 70% treatment(PPFD $100{\mu} mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$), respectively. Chlorophyll a and b were increased according to decrease of light intensity. Thirty percent and 50% treatment had not significant different in chlorophyll a and b. Thirty percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity through invested photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic activity trend of 50% treatment was similar to 30% treatment. Seventy percent treatment was shown the best photosynthetic activity at low light intensity but that was decreased to lower value than 30% and 50% treatment under high intensity. Control, bred full sunlight, was shown the worst photosynthetic activity at measured all light intensity. That result could imply that was caused by photo-inhibition because of long term exposed of shade tolerant plant at high light intensity. Leaf characteristics had not significant different in leaf length, width and area but leaf dry weight had similar trend to photosynthetic activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2008

Two-year-old seedlings of Ilex rotunda were grown under control (full sunlight) and three different shading condition. Those conditions were full sunlight (PPFD 1600${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), 30% (PPFD 400${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), 50% (PPFD 250${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) and 70% treatment (PPFD 100${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$). Total chlorophyll contents were inverse proportion to light intensity. Seedlings under full sunlight showed the highest photosynthetic activity such as photosynthetic rate, intercellular $CO_2$ concentration and water use efficiency. Photosynthetic activity trend was increased at the higher light intensity than the lower treatment over PPFD 500${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Especially, seedlings under 70% treatment showed the worst photosynthetic activity at high light intensity. That result was regular for adapted plant in low intensity environment. Leaf area was also inverse proportion to light intensity, while dry weight per leaf area was shown the opposite trend.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

This study was conducted to monitor the vegetation recovery in the areas damaged by the forest fires on the east coast that occurred in April 2000. The study site was a forest fire-damaged area in Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, and 21 monitoring areas (12 natural restoration sites, 9 artificial restoration sites) were selected to analyze the vegetation recovery trend since 1998. The vegetation recovery trend was compared by calculating the values according to the year using the difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based on satellite images (Landsat TM/ETM+ and Sentinel-2A). As the result of this study, all 21 sites, vegetation was recovered, and both groups showed the greatest recovery in summer. In the case of the dNBR, the artificial restored sites showed higher values than the natural restored sites, and in the case of the NDVI, the natural restored sites were higher than the artificially restored sites in summer and autumn. However, the difference between the two groups of natural and artificial restoration sites was not significant. Therefore, the direction of forest restoration after forest fire damage can be effectively restored if properly implemented for the purpose of restoration of the target site.