• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.19-29
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• 1969

This study investigated the vertical distribution of the vegetation in Mt. Hanla of Quelpart Island from 1967 to 1969. According to the physiognomy and life form of plants, the following plant communities are observed and arranged tentatively from the foot to the top. A. North-facing slope. (1) Grass land(0∼600m) (2) Deciduous broad-leaved forest(600∼1200m) (3) Mixed forest(broad and needle leaved forest : 1200∼1300m) (4) Evergreen coniferous forest(1300∼1700m) (5) Scrub communities(1700∼1950m) B. South-facing slope. (1) Grass land(0∼700) (2) Deciduous broad-leaved forest(700∼1300m) (3) Mixed forest(1300∼1550m) (4) Evergreen coniferous forest (1550∼850m) (5) Scrub communities(1850∼1950m) D. West-facing slope. (1) Grass land(0∼650) (2) Deciduous brod-leaved forest(650∼1400m) (3) Mixed forest(1400∼1500m) (4) Evergreen coniferous forest(1500∼1750m) (5) Scrub communities(1750∼1950m) The relation of the geological map and vegetation are as follows: (1) In the region of lava of Mt. Hanla are mainly distribut4ed deciduous broad-leaved forest. (2) In the region of Mt. Hanla are mainly distributed scrub. (3) In the region of lava of Gogun-san are involved deciduous broad-leaved forest, scrub and grass land of Gaimi-Dung.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.305-310
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• 1997

There are many parameters in prediction of forest fire spread. The variables such as fuel moisture, fuel loading, wind velocity, wind direction, relative humidity, slope, and solar aspect have important effects on fire. Particularly, wind and slope factors are considered to be the most important parameters in propagation of forest fire. Generally, slope effect cause different wind distribution in mountain area. However, this effect is disregarded in complex geometry. In this paper, wind is estimated by applying computational fluid dynamics to the forest geometry. Wind velocity data is obtained by using CFD code with Newtonian model and slope is calculated with geometrical data. These data are applied fer 2-dimentional forest fire spreading algorithm with Korean ROS(Rate Of Spread). Finally, the comparison between the simulation and the real forest fire is made. The algorithm spread of forest fire will help fire fighter to get the basic data far fire suppression and the prediction to behavior of forest fire.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2015

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

Forest fire occurrence in Korea is highly related to human activities and its spatial distribution shows a strong spatial dependency with cluster pattern. In this study, we analyzed spatial distribution pattern of forest fire with point pattern analysis considering spatial dependency. Distributional pattern was derived from Ripley's K-function according to causes and distances. Spatially clustered intensity was found out using Kernel intensity estimation. As a result, forest fires in Korea show clustered pattern, although the degrees of clustering for each cause are different. Furthermore, spatial clustering pattern can be classified into two groups in terms of degrees of clustering and distance. The first group shows the national-wide cluster pattern related to the human activity near forests, such as human-induced accidental fire in mountain and field incineration. Another group shows localized cluster pattern which is clustered within a short distance. It is associated with the smoker fire, arson, accidental by children. The range of localized clustering was 30 km. Beyond of this range, the patterns of forest fire became random distribution gradually. Kernel intensity analysis showed that the latter group, which have localized cluster pattern, was occurred in near Seoul with high densed population.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2016

Systematic and efficient forestry management is required because of the long-term low profitability of timber production and forest products. In this situation, non-timber forest products can be the solution to secure stable sources of income for workers in the forestry field. However, the existing studies for non-timber forest products focus on effective production and economic analysis and provide plans for increasing the income and improving the marketing system. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the spatial distribution as well as quantitative concentration of non-timber forest production. To achieve this goal, this study examined the regional concentration and dispersion of non-timber forest production in 2001, 2007, and 2014 using the coefficient of localization(CL) and location quotient(LQ) and investigated the change in spatial distribution using spatial statistics. The production of chestnuts generally showed a concentrated pattern in 2014 based on the outputs of the CL and LQ, but the result of spatial autocorrelation indicated a decrease in the spatial concentration. In addition, astringent persimmon showed more concentration from the output of CL than oak mushroom, but Moran's I suggests the opposite. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the spatial distribution to understand and improve the marketing system and intensify the production of forest products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.321-329
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• 2005

Based on the data representing four typical Korean pine forest types, the age structure, DBH distribution, species composition, and forking rule were systemically analyzed for old-growth Korean pine forest in Liangshui Nature Reserve, northeast China. The age structure of Korean pine trees was strongly uneven-aged with one dominated peak following normal distribution, and age of trees varied from 100 to 180 years within a stand. The DBH and height differences in same age class (20 years) varied from 28 cm~64 cm and 5 to 20 m, respectively. Many conifer and hard wood species, such as spruce, fir, costata birch, basswood, oak, and elm, were mixed with dominated trees of Korean pine. The canopy of the old-growth Korean pine forest can be divided into two layers, and differences of mean age and height between Layer I and Layer II were ranged 80~150 years and 7~13 m, respectively. The Weibull function was used to model the diameter distribution and performed well to describe size-class distribution either with a single peak in over-story canopy and inverse J-shape in under-story canopy for old-growth Korean pine stands. The forking height of Korean pine trees ranged from 16m to 24 m (mean 19.4 m) and tree age about 120 to 160 years old. The results will provide a scientific basis to protect and recover the ecosystem of natural old-growth Korean pine and also provide the model in management of Korean pine plantation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.762-771
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• 2017

Predicting the amount and distribution of moisture content within wood allows calculating the various mechanical dynamics of the wood as well as determining the drying time. For boxed-heart wood with a large cross-section, since it is difficult to measure the moisture content of the interior, it is necessary to predict the moisture content distribution. This study predicted the moisture movement in boxed-heart red pine timber, during high temperature drying, by using the three-dimensional finite difference method for the efficient drying process. During drying for 72 h, the predicted and actual moisture content of the tested wood tended to decrease at a similar rate. In contrast, the actual moisture content at 196 and 240 h was lower than predicted because surface checking of the wood occurred from 72 h and excessive water emission was unexpectedly occurred from the checked and splitted surface.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

Wood decay fungi were collected in 47 different locations in eight provinces of South Korea from 2011 to 2013. One thousand and five hundreds three fruiting bodies of wood-decay fungi were collected, identified, and classified into 2 phyla, 7 classes, 19 orders, 56 families, 159 genera and 365 species. The most dominant genus and species found were Trametes and T. versicolor. The highest species diversity was found in broad-leaved forest (273 species), and was also found at elevations of 500-1,000 m (227 species). A total of 333 species were collected from broad-leaved trees, 87 species from coniferous trees, and 55 species were collected from both forest types. Gymnopilus liquiritiae was the most dominant species in coniferous trees, while T. versicolor, which was mostly collected from tree trunks below 500 m in elevation, was dominant in broad-leaved trees. Results from the quantitative cluster analysis of wood decay fungi showed that the highest species diversity index was 1.80 in the mixed forests, while the highest similarity among forest types was shown between the broad-leaved and mixed forests.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2009

This research aims at having a grip on the actual condition of vegetation distribution Byeonsanbando National Park and to propose a survey and drawing criteria for vegetation map. Thus, this research conducted a survey of the vegetation distribution on Byeonsanbando National Park through review of the literatures on vegetation surveys on the National Parks in the past and at the present and preparing criteria for survey and drawing of vegetation. The actual vegetation of Bye on san ban do National Park was classified into eight plant communities and other land; the Substitution forest, or natural forest was classified into four plant communities including Quercus variabilis community, deciduous forest, Pinus densiflora community, and mixed forest while afforested land was classified into four forest types: P. rigida forest, P. thunbergii forest, P. rigida forest, P. rigitaeda forest, P. rigida - thunbergii forest, etc. The area belonging to grade 7 in Nature Degree was found to be the largest, covering 69.1% in Byeonsanbando National Park while the area belonging to grade 9 was very rare, covering 0.36%. Thus, it is suggested that criteria for survey and drawing map needed for the systematic survey and management of vegetation in National Parks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.827-835
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• 2010

Reliable forest statistics provides important information to meet the UNFCCC. In this respect, the national forest inventory has played a crucial role to provide the reliable forest statistics for several decades. However, the previous forest statistics calculated by administrative district has not provided spatial information in a small scale. Thus, this study focused on developing models to estimate an explicit spatial distribution of forest growing stock. For this, first, stand volume model by stand types was developed using National Forest Inventory(NFI) data. Second, forest type map was integrated with this model. NFI data were used to calculate plot-level stand volume and basal area. The stand types of NFI plot including the species composition, age class, DBH class and crown density class are very crucial data to be connected with forest type map. Finally, polygonlevel stand volume map was developed with spatial uncertainty map. Average stand volume was estimated at 85.7 $m^3$/ha in the study area, and at 95% significance interval it was ranged from 79.7 $m^3$/ha to 91.8 $m^3$/ha.