• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2014

Drug-resistance and imbalance of apoptotic regulation limit chemotherapy clinical application for the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. The reactivation of p53 is an attractive therapeutic strategy in cancer with disrupted-p53 function. Nutlin-3, a MDM2 antagonist, has antitumor activity in various cancers. The post-translational modifications of p53 are a hot topic, but there are some controversy ideas about the function of phospho-$Ser^{392}$-p53 protein in cancer cell lines in response to Nutlin-3. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Nutlin-3 and phospho-$Ser^{392}$-p53 protein expression levels in SMMC-7721 (wild-type TP53) and HuH-7 cells (mutant TP53). We demonstrated that Nutlin-3 induced apoptosis through down-regulation phospho-$Ser^{392}$-p53 in two HCC cells. The result suggests that inhibition of p53 phosphorylation on $Ser^{392}$ presents an alternative for HCC chemotherapy.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.122-127
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• 2021

A mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1,2-indanedione (PVP-IND) is known to be the best reagent for developing latent fingerprints deposited on the surface of a thermal paper. However, no study has evaluated whether PVP-IND could enhance fingerprints in blood deposited on the surface of thermal paper. Therefore, in this study, the ability of PVP-IND to enhance the fingerprints in blood was investigated. Furthermore, aqueous amido black solution, which is known to be the best reagent for enhancing fingerprints in blood deposited on the surface of thermal paper, was used for comparison with PVP-IND. Therefore, while enhancing the fingerprints in diluted blood, PVP-IND enhanced the quality of fingerprints compared to aqueous amido black solution. The ridge diffused when the undiluted fingerprints in blood were enhanced with PVP-IND because PVP reacted with amino acids in blood; however, amido black solution yielded better results. When treated with PVP-IND, it is presumed that the ridge diffused due to the reaction of PVP and amino acids contained in the blood.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.237-241
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• 2022

The effect of washing fingerprints deposited on glass that were contaminated with a flammable liquid (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and thinner) was studied by washing with hexane or heptane. The fingerprints were visualized using fuming cyanoacrylate, followed by basic yellow 40 staining. After comparing the washing effect, by dividing one fingerprint into four sections, it was confirmed that the ridge detail was damaged by dissolving the fingerprints in flammable liquid. As a result of washing fingerprints contaminated with flammable liquids using hexane or heptane, fingerprints contaminated with gasoline, kerosene, and thinner did not show a washing effect because the ridge detail was damaged at the time of contamination, and only fingerprints contaminated with diesel exhibited improved ridge detail quality. Because hexane and heptane washing damage the ridge detail, it was found that fingerprints contaminated with gasoline, kerosene, and thinner were better enhanced directly without the washing process. In addition, it was found that the amount of the washing solvent and contact time should be minimized when washing fingerprints contaminated with diesel.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.242-248
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• 2022

The effect of ethylenediamine (EDA) on the reaction of luminol or Bluestar with blood and bleaches was studied. For this purpose, blood, chlorine bleach, and oxygen bleach were applied to filter paper, treated with EDA-containing luminol or Bluestar, and the changes in chemiluminescence intensity were observed. It was found that the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol (or Bluestar)-blood reaction did not change with the increasing concentration of EDA. However, the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol (or Bluestar)-chlorine bleach reaction decreased and the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol (or Bluestar)-oxygen bleach reaction increased, with increasing EDA concentration. Thus, it was found that when EDA was added to luminol (or Bluestar), which is a blood-sensitive reagent, EDA suppressed the false-positive reaction induced by chlorine bleach and induced a false-positive reaction with oxygen bleach. Consequently, the addition of EDA is not recommended for enhancing bloodstains with luminol or Bluestar.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.324-331
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• 2023

Latent fingerprints on wet paper cannot be developed using amino acid reaction reagents. Therefore, physical developer (PD) or lipid staining reagents like oil red O (ORO) should be utilized. However, ORO is not very effective in developing fingerprints that are older than approximately 4 weeks. On the other hand, PD performs well in developing older fingerprints, but it cannot do so for relatively fresh fingerprints. Additionally, PD has the disadvantage of taking a long time to develop fingerprints. In this study, in order to overcome the limitations of PD, we attempted to increase its reactivity by applying Ag-PD, which involves depositing silver onto paper using vacuum metal deposition (VMD), and compared this with fingerprints developed using ORO and PD. As a result, Ag-PD showed superior fingerprint development compared to ORO and PD on wet paper stored for 2~8 weeks, and the fingerprint development time for PD was significantly reduced to 90~150 seconds.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 2017

Nowadays, digital forensic experts are not only computer experts who restore and find deleted files, but also general experts who posses various capabilities including knowledge about processes/laws, communication skills, and ethics. However, there have been few studies about qualifications or competencies required for digital forensic experts comparing with their importance. Therefore, in this study, AHP questionnaires were distributed to digital forensic experts and analyzed to derive priorities of competencies; the first-tier questions which consisted of knowledge, technology, and attitude, and the second-tier ones which have 20 items. Research findings showed that the most important competency was knowledge, followed by technology and attitude but no significant difference was found. Among 20 items of the second-tier competencies, the most important competency was "digital forensics equipment/tool program utilization skill" and it was followed by "data extraction and imaging skill from storage devices." Attitude such as "judgment," "morality," "communication skill," "concentration" were subsequently followed. The least critical one was "substantial law related to actual cases." Previous studies on training/education for digital forensics experts focused on law, IT knowledge, and usage of analytic tools while attitude-related competencies have not given proper attention. We hope this study can provide helpful implications to design curriculum and qualifying exam to foster digital forensic experts.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1013-1024
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• 1998

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2014

The aims of this work were the identification and the classification of fresh lubricants and used engine oils of vehicles for the application in forensic science field-80 kinds of fresh lubricants were purchased and 86 kinds of used engine oils were sampled from 24 kinds of diesel and gasoline vehicles with different driving conditions. The sample of lubricants and used engine oils were analyzed by GC/MS. The Bayesian model technique was developed for classification or identification. Both the wavelet fitting and the principal component analysis (PCA) techniques as a data dimension reduction were applied. In fresh lubricants classification, the rates of matching by Bayesian model technique with wavelet fitting and PCA were 97.5% and 96.7%, respectively. The Bayesian model technique with wavelet fitting was better to classify lubricants than it with PCA based on dimension reduction. And we selected the Bayesian model technique with wavelet fitting for classification of lubricants. The other experiment was the analysis of used engine oils which were collected from vehicles with the several mileage up to 5,000 km after replacing engine oil. The eighty six kinds of used engine oil sample with the mileage were collected. In vehicle classification (total 24 classes), the rate of matching by Bayesian model with wavelet fitting was 86.4%. However, in the vehicle's fuel type classification (whether it is gasoline vehicle or diesel vehicle, only total 2 classes), the rate of matching was 99.6%. In the used engine oil brands classification (total 6 classes), the rate of matching was 97.3%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.455-458
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• 2011

일명 일심회 사건으로 디지털 포렌식이 과학수사에서 활용되는 가운데 판결한 최근 사례로서 1심 판결과 2심 판결에서 디지털 증거의 채택여부를 달리하였다. 학계와 법조계의 의견이 분분한 가운데 일심회 판결문의 1심 판결에 대한 중요성은 수차례에 걸쳐 연구되고 논의되었으나 2심 판결에서 이를 번복하므로 디지털 증거의 인정여부를 위한 문제점과 해결, 절차에 대한 연구가 다시 시작할 시점에 이르렀다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 증거가 법적증거로 인정될 수 있는가에 대한 논의를 시작으로, 일심회 사건의 1심과 2심의 판결을 중심으로 디지털 포렌식 증거의 분석을 통해서 문제점과 해결방안을 제시한다. 본 연구결과 디지털 포렌식의 수사현장에서 필요한 조건을 검토하고, 이를 이행함으로써 과학수사의 일환으로 디지털 증거가 법정에서 채택할 수 있도록 한다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2020

Alcohol, which can easily be obtained in the same way as ordinary beverages, is harmful enough to cause death due to excessive drinking and chronic alcohol intake, so it is important to maintain a proper amount of drinking and healthy drinking habits. In addition, the incidence of behavioral disturbances and impaired judgments that can be caused by chronic alcohol drinking of more than adequate amounts of alcohol is also significant. Accordingly it is very useful for forensic science to check whether the person involved is drunken or is alcoholism state in various accidents. Currently, in Korea, alcohol consumption is determined by detecting the level of alcohol or alcohol metabolism 'ethyl glucuronide (EtG)' in blood or urine samples. However, analysis of alcohol or EtG in blood or urine can only provide information about the current state of alcohol consumption because of a narrow window of detection time. Therefore, it is important to analyze the EtG as a long-term direct alcohol metabolite bio-marker in human hair and to investigate relationship between alcohol consumption and EtG concentration for the evaluation of chronic ethanol consumption. In this study, we established an analytical method for the detection of EtG in Korean hair efficiently and validated selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, recovery, process efficiency, accuracy and precision using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, the assay performance was evaluated in Korean social drinker's hair and the postmortem hair of a chronic alcoholism. The results of this study can be useful in monitoring the alcohol abuse of Korean in clinical cases and legal procedures related to custody and provide a useful tool to evaluate postmortem diagnosis of alcoholic ketoacidosis in forensics.