• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

Background : The cun measurement system, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the directional method is less likely dependable in locating acupoints than the proportional method because the influencing factors are different.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2760-2766
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• 2013

Introduction : The projection method to check existence and nonexistence of radius groove penetration of screw after distal radius fracture operation clinical using the T-type plate and the radiation of radial groove tangential is to propose a new test. Material and Methods : On the tangential projection view of radius groove, elevation angle of distal radius is 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 degree. and forearm and radiation detector of angle is 60, 70, 80, degree each changed. that analyzed check existence and nonexistence of radius groove penetration of screw. Results : For the image of Radial groove tangential. the case of not radius groove penetration of screw(63.95%, n=55), medial penetration of radius groove(10.47%, n=9) or lateral penetration of radius groove(25.58%, n=22) was analysis. The radius groove penetrating of screw length was a range of 0.43 ~ 2.72mm, the average was 1.06mm. the check existence and nonexistence of radius groove penetration of medial or lateral was analysis that it accurate for the image of Radial groove tangential. the radiography of radial groove is well described elevation angle of distal radius 2.5 to 7.5 degree(90% over), forearm and radiation detector of angle 70degree(80%over) Conclusion : It is elevation angle of distal radius is 5degree, forearm and radiation detector of angle 70degree recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1944-1947
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• 2005

In this paper, the control of a prosthetic arm using the flex sensor signal is described. The flex sensors are attached to the biceps and triceps brchii muscle. The signals are passed a differential amplifier and noise filter. And then the signals are converted to digital data by PCI 6036E ADC. From the data, position and velocity of arm joint are obtained. Also motion of the forearm - flexion and extension, the pronation and supination are abstracted from the data by proposed algorithm. A two D.O.F arm with RC servo-motor is designed for experiment. The arm length is 200 mm, weight is 4.5 N. The rotation angle of elbow joint is $120^{\circ}$. Also the rotation angle of the wrist is $180^{\circ}$. Through the experiment, we verified the possibility of the prosthetic arm control using the flex sensor signal. We will try to improve the control accuracy of the prosthetic arm continuously.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.165-177
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• 2013

This is the third in a series on coronary artery bypass which reviews three alternative arterial conduits. The radial artery has become the most widely used of the three and accumulating experience demonstrates better patency at 10 years versus saphenous vein. Drawbacks are a long incision on the forearm, the propensity for spasm and persistent sensory disturbance in about 10%. The first is answered by endoscopic harvest which may yield a shorter conduit but reduces sensory nerve injury. Spasm is managed pharmacologically and by less harvest trauma. The gastroepiploic artery is used in situ and free and although the abdominal cavity is entered complications are minimal and patency compares favorably with the radial artery. Use of the inferior epigastric artery remains minimal and its similar length often requires composite use but limited patency data are supportive. Other arteries have had rare use and this is unlikely to change because the three presented here have significant advantages and acceptance.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2017

Background: Previous studies of radial nerve conduction study (NCS) did not present how to measure the length of the radial nerve across the elbow, and did not even mention how to manage the spiral course of the nerve. This study aimed to applicate the most reliable method to measure the length of the radial nerve during NCS. Methods: Three points (A, B, and C) were determined along the relatively straight course of the radial nerve. The distance was measured using three different methods: L1) straight distance corresponding to the A-C distance, L2) sum of the distances corresponding to the A-B-C distance, L3) based on the L2, but the elbow is flexed at a $45^{\circ}$ angle. We compared the three methods of distance measurement and the calculated nerve conduction velocities (V1, V2, and V3) in normal healthy subjects. Results: 19 normal participants were enrolled. The mean value for method L1, L2 and L3 were $22.5{\pm}1.8cm$, $24.0{\pm}2.1cm$, and $23.2{\pm}2.1cm$ (p < 0.001). Calculated conduction velocities using those distance measurement methods as follows (p < 0.001): V1 ($60.9{\pm}2.7m/s$), V2 ($64.6{\pm}3.3m/s$), and V3 ($63.4{\pm}3.9m/s$). V2 was significantly greater than V1 and V3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: The distance measurement using a stopover point near the lateral epicondyle between two stimulus points in position of a fully extended elbow with forearm pronation is the most appropriate posture for radial motor NCS.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2021

Purpose: A large defect by fourth-degree burns in the upper limb requires flap reconstruction. Since severe vascular damage and decrease in blood circulation after vascular anastomosis can occur in defects caused by fourth-degree burns. Because of the disadvantages, it is difficult to apply free flap surgery to fourth-degree burns. We reconstructed a upper extremity using the pedicled Latissimus Dorsi (LD) flap in two stages. The purpose of our study is to review our experience and suggest two-staged pedicled Latissimus Dorsi (LD) flap in fourth-degree burns of upper extremities. Methods: A retrospective review was performed from 2016 to 2019, on a total of 12 fourth-degree burn patients undergone two-staged pedicled LD flap surgery as reconstruction of upper extremities in our hospital. We reviewed the location of the injury, etiology, TBSA (%), size of burns requiring flap surgery, period from 1st surgery to secondary division surgery, complications. Results: Using two-staged LD flap as a primary reconstruction, the outcome is satisfactory. This flap preserves the elbow joint and maintains the length of the forearm. We obtain low donor-site morbidity, simplicity and a small incision in the donor site. Conclusion: Using two-staged LD flap in fourth-degree burns of upper extremity is effective, such as preserving elbow joint and maintaining the length of the forearm. Successful reconstruction was achieved with excellent cosmetic results with reducing a postoperative scar, donor-site morbidity. Due to these advantages, two-staged pedicled LD flap can be an optimal option for reconstruction of fourth-degree burns in the upper limb.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2000

Recommendable reconstructive surgery in the patient with thumb amputation through base of the first metacarpal bone is pollicization. Some patients who do not agree with harvest sound finger as a new thumb, we can consider other options as toe transplantation or osteoplastic thumb reconstruction for creating thumb. Toe transplantation to the thumb is effective procedure in the amputation of distal to metacarpal shaft, it is rarely indicated in the cases of proximal to base of the first metacarpal bone. We performed three cases of modified osteoplastic thumb reconstruction with free vascularized rib that combined with scapular free flap or radial forearm flap. The length of transplanted rib ranged from 7~11cm, the donor vessels are posterior intercostal artery and vein which anastomosed to radial artery. The grafted rib wrapped with additional free flap for creating new thumb. Result of that procedure was not much encouraging, aesthetic appearance and mobility of thumb were not so satisfactory but reconstructed thumb gave improvement of the hand function without sacrificing toe or other digit. That gave reasonable stability for powerful side pinch and three pod pinch and opposable thumb with normal carpo-metacarpal joint motion that can give much function to the thumb absent hand. In spite of those disadvantages, thumb reconstruction with rib transfer can be useful for patients who do not want to lose another part of the body for creating thumb in basal amputation of the thumb metacarpal.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.253-256
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• 2012

A radial forearm free flap has been conventionally used for urethral reconstruction. However, aesthetic and functional complications occur frequently at the donor site. The use of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap can resolve these disadvantages. Here, we report our case with a review of literature. A 69-year-old man visited our hospital with multiple contusions of the abdomen and genital amputation. After necrotic tissue debridement, the length of the residual corpus carvernosum was 1.5 cm and that of the corpus spongiosum and urethra was 1 cm. For the reconstruction of the penis, a SCIP flap and anterolateral thigh free flap was performed. The primary closure was performed at the donor site. Three weeks postoperatively, the patient had a urethral foley catheter removed. The neourethra was functioning well without stricture. Four months postoperatively, the patient had no complications such as urethral stricture. A good recovery was also achieved with no aesthetic deficits at the donor site. SCIP flap is appropriate for urethral reconstruction. Because of its proximity to the recipient sites, it makes surgical preparation easier and the primary closure at the donor site available. It is also advantageous in that its location is almost unnoticeable.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1998

We carried out 107 replantations of amputated digits since last 1988. Among them, clean Gillotine amputation was 19 digits, mild crush amputation was 51 digits, severe crush amputation was 28 digits and avulsion type amputation was 9 digits. Vein grafts were used on 24 of these cases. The donor site of the vein graft was the volar aspect of the ipsilateral wrist or lower forearm. The average length of the vein graft was 1.8cm(1.0-3.0cm) and the average diameter of the vein graft was 1.5mm(1.0-2.0mm). Sixty-one of 107 digits were successfully replanted for an 57% success rate. The survival rate of the replantation using the vein graft was 66.7%. We analysed the functional results of the successfully replanted digits according to Nakamura and Tamai's criteria. The functional results of the replantated digits using vein graft were better than that of without using vein graft(more than fair results, 81.2% vs 73.3%). We conclude that the jucidious use of autogenous vein grafts in digital replantation surgery will improve the survival rate and promote the functional result.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2013

Background Robots have allowed head and neck surgeons to extirpate oropharyngeal tumors safely without the need for lip-split incision or mandibulotomy. Using robots in oropharyngeal reconstruction is new but essential for oropharyngeal defects that result from robotic tumor excision. We report our experience with robotic free-flap reconstruction of head and neck defects to exemplify the necessity for robotic reconstruction. Methods We investigated head and neck cancer patients who underwent ablation surgery and free-flap reconstruction by robot. Between July 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012, 5 cases were performed and patient demographics, location of tumor, pathologic stage, reconstruction methods, flap size, recipient vessel, necessary pedicle length, and operation time were investigated. Results Among five free-flap reconstructions, four were radial forearm free flaps and one was an anterolateral thigh free-flap. Four flaps used the superior thyroid artery and one flap used a facial artery as the recipient vessel. The average pedicle length was 8.8 cm. Flap insetting and microanastomosis were achieved using a specially manufactured robotic instrument. The total operation time was 1,041.0 minutes (range, 814 to 1,132 minutes), and complications including flap necrosis, hematoma, and wound dehiscence did not occur. Conclusions This study demonstrates the clinically applicable use of robots in oropharyngeal reconstruction, especially using a free flap. A robot can assist the operator in insetting the flap at a deep portion of the oropharynx without the need to perform a traditional mandibulotomy. Robot-assisted reconstruction may substitute for existing surgical methods and is accepted as the most up-to-date method.