• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-99
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• 2010

To properly answer the question 'Why have Vietnamese Women kept appearing in Korean Films and TV dramas?', We need to induce Postcolonial discourse along with historical and cultural similarities between Korea and Vietnam. It is because the relationship of two countries can be defined as a neocolonialism specially in view of economic relationship. Koreans need to locate themselves on the superior position by othering Vietnamese women, who are close enough to be compared and also distant enough to be othered. This paper is intended to bring their being in Korean films and TV dramas under the light of postcolonial discourse. According to the postcolonial concepts such as ambivalence, stereotyping and subaltern, Korean films and TV dramas are classified into three groups, which are Vietnam war melodramas, Horror movies based in Vietnam, and TV dramas with Vietnamese brides. War melodramas have been othering Vietnamese woman through ambivalence of the fear of Vietcom warrior and the fascination of exotic beauty. Horror movies, produced about 10 years later, brought the Vietnamese women back to Korean audience, stereotyping them into ghosts, which are incarnated through the suppression and eruption of sexual desire. The third group consists mainly of TV dramas. Their story usually evolves around Vietnamese brides migrating into Korea. The women are forced into the position of Subaltern, not representing themselves in their own voices. Facing multi-cultural society, our visual media are requested to modify their neocolonial approach of presenting Vietnamese women. To accomplish the goal, they have to find ways of storytelling to show the women in their everyday lives and help them to speak for themselves.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.400-420
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• 1998

We already know that it is very difficult to obtain an "isolated field" for direct bonding during the surgical exposure of unerupted teeth. The aim of this in-vitro study is to simulate the clinical situation of forced eruption and to evaluate the tensile strengths of preligatured button with several types of contamination which can happen during the surgical exposure of unerupted teeth. Four orthodontic direct bonding systems were used. ($Ortho-One^{TM}$, $Rely-a-Bond^{(R)}$, $Ortho-Two^{TM}$, Phase $II^{(R)}$) Each material was divided into four groups(n=20) : Group 1. (Control, no contamination), Group 2. (Rinse etching agent with saline instead of water), Group 3. (Blood contamination of etched surface for 30 seconds), Group 4. (Blood contamination of primed surface for 30 seconds) 320 bovine anterior permanent teeth were divided into the above mentioned 16 groups. Enamel surface was flattened and ground under water coolant. Pre-ligatured buttons were prepared to the same form. (Cut 0.25 ligature wire 10 cm in length. Twist the ligature wire 30 times clockwise. Mark the wire 15mm and 35mm points from button. Make a loop sticking two points together and twist the loop 6 times counterclockwise.) The bonded specimens were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ saline solution for 3 days. Then the tensile strength of each sample was measured with Instron universal testing machine, crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The following results were obtained: 1. As compared to control groups (Group 1) of each material, Rely-a-Bond had a significantly lower mean tensile strengths than other material. (p<0.01) 2. In Group 2. of Ortho-One and Rely-a-Bond, the mean tensile strengths decreased about 7.7% and 11.1%, respectively with statistical significances. (p<0.05) 3. In Group 2. of Ortho-Two and Phase II, the mean tensile strengths did not decrease. 4. In Group 3. of Ortho-One, Rely-a-Bond, Ortho-Two, and Phase II, the mean tensile strengths decreased about 60.8%, 56.1%, 60.2%, and 46.0%, respectively with statistical significances. (p<0.01) 5. In Group 4. of Ortho-One and Rely-a-Bond, the mean tensile strengths did not decrease. 6. In Group 4. of Ortho-Two and Phase II, the mean tensile strengths were decreased about 20.95% and 22.28%, respectively with statistical significances. (p<0.01) There were formations of a hump shaped mass from bonding resin under blood contamination which disturbed direct bonding procedure. According to Reynolds, the proper bond strength for clinical manipulation should be at least 45N or about 4.5Kg.F. According to these results, it can be concluded that Ortho-One could be used during surgical exposure of unerupted teeth. In any case, blood contamination of the etched surface should be avoided, but the blood contamination of primed surface of Ortho-One may not decrease bond strength. Just 'blowing-out' is enough to remove blood from primed surface of Ortho-One. You can verify the clean surface of the primer of Ortho-One after blowing out the blood contamination.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.367-375
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• 2008

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment. Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient's cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems. In comparison to adult's bones, children's bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases, we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.381-386
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• 2010

As the vertical fracture occurs at the various locations following the long axis of a root, treatment method of crown-root fractured anterior teeth is decided according to the depth. If the fracture line is close to the crown, gingivectomy, orthodontic - forced eruption or surgical extrusion of apical fragment could be done. If the line is over 1/3 length of the root, the prognosis is poor and extraction is usually undertaken. However, extraction of maxillary incisor at growing children causes many complications such as esthetic, phonetic problem and alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, preservation of tooth is the highest priority. Recently, intentional replantation with composite resin could be considered as alternative treatment of crown-root fractured anterior tooth. This report presents a patient in mixed dentition with deep vertical crown-root fracture of the maxillary permanent central incisors by trauma. Intentional replantation of the fractured teeth was performed using composite resin. After 2 years, specific clinical symptom has not been found and the patient was satisfied of esthetic result. This method suggests the new technique to preserve a tooth as an alternative to extraction, although it is technically sensitive and the reports of long-term prognosis is insufficient.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the treatment outcome after surgical-orthodontic treatment of the maxillary impacted incisors using multiple regression analysis. The study enrolled 83 patients who had surgical-orthodontic treatment in impacted maxillary central incisor between January 2005 and December 2015. Possible explanatory variables related to the prognosis of impacted incisor were age, gender, tooth developmental stage, height, position and angle of the teeth. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that as the height of the stem cell from apical papilla (SCAP) increased, the tooth length ratio increased by 0.345 units (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in gender, tooth development stage, distance and angle between the center line and the tooth, and the height of incisal tip of the tooth. In conclusion, the height of the SCAP of the impacted central incisor is factor affecting the tooth length after orthodontic traction.