• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 전국의 686개 농가에 대한 설문조사를 통해 농가의 GM 기술과 GM 작물 및 이를 활용한 사료에 대한 인식, 농가의 생산 현황과 속성을 바탕으로 농가의 GM 벼(쌀)와 GM 사료작물에 대한 기술 수용성을 분석하였다. 개별적인 농가 속성에 따라 수용 의사가 다르지만, 2개의 GM 기술 수용성 추정에서 공통적으로 GM 기술 수용 의사를 높이는 변수는 GM 농작물의 필요성에 대한 인식과 잡곡이나 조사료 재배여부로 나타났다. 평균적인 경종 농가의 경우 7.8% 유의수준에서 농가소득이 47% 증가할 경우 벼(쌀)에 대한 GM 기술을 수용하고, 벼(쌀)를 제외한 사료작물의 경우에는 14.1% 유의수준에서 농가소득이 43% 증가할 때 GM 기술을 수용하는 것으로 분석되었다. 벼(쌀)와 비교해서 사료 작물은 상대적으로 적은 소득 증가에도 불구하고 수용 가능성이 나타났다. 그러나 두 가지 경우 모두 통계적 유의성이 5%를 넘어가 신뢰도에 문제가 있다. 앞으로 GM 기술에 대한 신뢰성이 높아짐에 따라 CVM에서 발생하는 가상적 편의가 줄어든다면 통계적 유의성이 높아질 것으로 기대되므로 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2009

본 시험은 직파시기가 총체 벼의 수량 및 사료에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2005년부 터 2006년까지 축산과학원 초지사료연구센터 시험포장에서 수행되었다. 총체 벼 품종은 남일벼로 하였고 4월 25일부터 6월 4일까지 15일 간격으로 직파하였고 5월 25일 이앙구를 대조구로 하였다. 출수기는 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 지연되었으며 조단백질 함량은 증가되었다. ADF 및 NDF 함량은 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 증가되었으며 평균 TDN 함량은 61.5%이었고 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 감소되었다. 건물수량은 4월 25일 직파 및 5월 25일 이앙구에서 각각 15,185 및 15,815kg/ha로 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 직파시기가 늦어짐에 따라 수량적인 감소가 있지만 답리작 수확과 연계할 때 5월 중순경 직파를 하는 것이 연중 조사료 생산 측면에서 가장 우수하다고 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.335-342
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to observe the fermentative quality and anthocyanin content in whole crop colored barley silage during storage periods and anthocyanin stability in in vitro ruminal fluid. Silages of colored barley cultivar "Boanchalbori" and normal barley cultivar "Yuyeonbori" were stored during 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. The in vitro ruminal fluid was fermented for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hrs. For the feed value, crude protein of colored barley silage was slightly increased in the silage compared to that of normal barley silage, and being increased up to 2 months after ensiling and thereafter maintained at the similar level. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of both the barley significantly increased by prolonged storage of 2 months (p<0.05), but they were maintained at the constant level after 2 months of storing silage. Whereas TDN (total digestible nutrients) contents of them were decreased by the prolonged storage of 2 months (p<0.05), then maintained at the constant levels. The fermentative quality and pH values in both the barley silages were slightly decreased during the storage time. Lactic acid and acetic acid contents were increased during prolonged storage period, but not significantly different among treatments. Butyric acid was not detected. In the colored barley silage, pH value showed slightly lower compared to that of the normal barley silage but not significant, and lactic acid content was significantly higher than the normal barley silage (p<0.05). The total anthocyanin content in the whole crop colored barley silage decreased to 42% after 2 months of ensilage, however maintained at the constant level until 12 months of ensilage. In the case of anthocyanin stability on in vitro ruminal fluid digestion, the pH value of the ruminal fluid was slightly lower at 6, 12, 24, 48h incubation time and the content of anthocyanin was at similar levels. These results indicated that the colored barley showed higher fermentation quality, and total anthocyanin content was maintained stable at 42% level of the first value in storing silage. As the anthocyanin had higher stability in the ruminal fluid, the colored barley has a potential as functional feeds for Ruminants.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2013

We have previously investigated the proteome changes of rice leaves under heat stress (Lee et al. in Proteomics 2007a, 7:3369-3383), wherein a group of antioxidant proteins and heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be regulated differently. The present study focuses on the biochemical changes and gene expression profiles of heat shock protein and antioxidant genes in rice leaves in response to heat stress ($42^{\circ}C$) during a wide range of exposure times. The results show that hydrogen peroxide and proline contents increased significantly, suggesting an oxidative burst and osmotic imbalance under heat stress. The mRNA levels of chaperone 60, HSP70, HSP100, chloroplastic HSP26, and mitochondrial small HSP responded rapidly and showed maximum expression after 0.5 or 2 h under heat stress. Transcript levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) showed a rapid and marked accumulation upon heat stress. While prolonged exposure to heat stress resulted in increased transcript levels of monodehydroascorbate reductase, peroxidase, glyoxalase 1, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin peroxidase, 2-Cysteine peroxiredoxin, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1, while the transcription of catalase was suppressed. Consistent with their changes in gene expression, the enzyme activities of APX and DHAR also increased significantly following exposure to heat stress. These results suggest that oxidative stress is usually caused by heat stress, and plants apply complex HSP- and antioxidant-mediated defense mechanisms to cope with heat stress.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 전남 장흥군에 위치한 삼산간척지에서 이탈리안 라이그라스(IRG)의 종자 생산단지 조성 추진을 위한 안정적인 종자 생산 기술을 개발하고자 수행하였다. IRG 종자는 가을 파종 기준으로 출수 후 35일에 종자를 수확하는 것이 가장 많은 수량성(2,232kg/ha)을 나타내었고, 출수 후 45일, 55일로 수확 시기가 늦춰짐에 따라 탈립으로 인해 수량성이 감소하였다. 출수 후 35일 수확 시 벼 입모중 파종은 벼 후작 파종과 비교하여 종자 수량성이 약 80% 수준이었고, 봄 파종은 벼 후작의 40% 수준으로 수량 차이가 컸다. 가장 많은 종자 수량을 얻은 것은 국내산 종자를 사용하여 벼 후작으로 30kg/ha 조파하는 것으로 2,507kg/ha의 종실 수량을 보였다. 가을 파종 시험구에서 출수 후 35일에 수확한 종자의 발아율은 최고 92.7%에서 최저 42.0%로 50.7%의 큰 차이가 있었고, 출수 후 45일에서 출수 후 55일로 수확 시기가 늦어질수록 각각 26.7%와 28.7%로 그 차이가 줄어들었다. 종자 채종 후 부산물인 IRG 짚은 출수 후 35일 수확을 기준할 때 벼 후작으로 수입산 종자를 20kg/ha 조파하는 것이 ha당 생초중이 36,667kg, 건물중이 14,500kg, TDN 수량이 7,895kg로 높았다. 가을에 파종한 IRG의 짚은 평균 건물중이 11,871kg/ha이었고, 조단백질 함량은 5.7%, TDN 함량은 54.4%를 나타내었는데, 이는 통상 수확하는 IRG 조사료에 비해 사료가치가 낮으나, 볏짚보다는 높은 수준이었다. 결론적으로 삼산간척지에서 국내산 종자를 10월 상순에 30kg/ha 수준으로 조파하여 출수 후 35일에 수확할 경우 ha당 대략 종자 2.5톤과 부산물로 짚을 11톤 정도 생산할 수 있다. 따라서 종자대가 kg당 2,500원, 짚이 kg당 100원에 판매된다고 가정하면, 종자 수확 시 범용콤바인 작업비로 ha당 100만 원이 별도로 소요된다고 하더라도 조사료 생산 시보다 약 339만 원/ha의 추가 수익을 발생할 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.265-269
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different feeding ratios of whole crop barley silage on the embryo production in Hanwoo donors. All donors were basically fed 2.5 kg concentrate daily. Donors were divided into three groups according to the different feeding of forage; hay 70% and rice straw 30% (control, n = 21), whole crop barley silage 80% and rice straw 20% (T1, n = 25), and whole crop barley silage 60% and rice straw 40% (T2, n = 23) fed based on TDN 6.70/ BW 500 kg. All Hanwoo donors received a CIDR together with injections of 1 mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone ($P_4$, Day 0). Four days later, they were superovulated with 28 mg FSH twice daily IM in decreasing doses over 4 days. Then donors received 2 doses of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (25 and 15 mg) with the 5th and 6th injections of FSH on Day 6. CIDR were withdrawn at the 6th FSH injection and the donors received $100\;{\mu}g$ GnRH 36 h after the second $PGF_2{\alpha}$ injection. The donors were artificially inseminated twice, at 8 and 24 h after GnRH, and embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The flush rate of the donors following positive superovulation responses did not differ among groups (76.2~96.0%, p>0.05). The number of corpus luteum (CL) at embryo recovery also did not differ among groups (10.6~14.0, p>0.05). Furthermore, the mean numbers of total ova (9.4, 10.5 and 12.0) and transferable embryos (5.3, 12.0 and 6.5) did not significantly differ among the control, T1 and T2 groups, respectively (p>0.05). However, mean concentrations of serum $P_4$ of the T1 (64.2 ng/ml) and T2 groups (55.7 ng/ml) were higher than that of control group (43.3 ng/ml, p<0.01), while serum cholesterol concentrations in the control (105.8 mg/dl) and T2 groups ($96.9\;{\pm}\;mg/dl$) were significantly lower than in the T1 group (121.1 mg/dl, p<0.05). Conclusively, whole crop barley silage can be fed a good substitute for hay forage for Hanwoo donors. Furthermore the ratios of whole crop barley silage 60% and rice straw 40% might be more worthful for embryo production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.651-654
• /
• 2016

A number of accidents relating to highly toxic hydrogen fluoride (HF) or hydrofluoric acid (HA) release have occurred over fast few decades in Korea. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the fluoride (F) concentrations in paddy soil and brown rice from 2 different areas where the soils were exposed to HF and HA. In the first case, the HF leakage accident that occurred in 2012 affected the surrounding soils and crops and consequently, crops (rice) affected by HF were unavailable for forage even though F did not accumulate in the soil. For example, at the time of accident, F concentrations in brown rice samples were $33.0-1,395mg\;kg^{-1}$, while F concentrations in soil samples were $155-295mg\;kg^{-1}$ which were less than the Korean standard guideline values of $400mg\;kg^{-1}$. However, after a year, F concentrations in brown rice were observed below the detection limit ($1mg\;kg^{-1}$), although F concentrations in soils were similar with those in 2012. Also, large amounts of wastewater discharges containing HA occurred in 2013 and some agricultural soils exceeded the Korean standard guideline values for F ($400mg\;kg^{-1}$), but soil-plant F transfer was not observed. In conclusion, it was observed that soil to plant transfer of F is unlikely although HF and HA as gas or liquid form can cause direct damage to plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2010

Fusarium proliferatum is the causal agent of stalk and root rot disease of maize, foot rot disease of rice, basal and root rot disease of onion and knife cut disease of sugarcane in Iran. In recent years, incidence and severity of these diseases have been increased in Iran. Fifty seven F. proliferatum single-spore isolates collected from diseased maize, rice, onion and sugarcane plants at different areas were used to study genetic diversity by determination of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Chlorate-resistant nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from selected isolates of F. proliferatum and used in complementation tests. All isolates in which both nit1 and NitM (or nit3) mutants were recovered, demonstrated self-compatibility. Vegetative compatibility tests by pairing nit mutants identified 30 VCGs among 57 isolates. Twenty-three isolates belonged to singlemember VCGs and the remaining 34 isolates, belonged to other seven multimember VCGs. Segregation of F. proliferatum isolates obtained from various area and host plants into different VCGs in Iran is reported for the first time. In this study, none of isolates obtained from rice complemented with any other isolates from onion and sugarcane and, non complementation occurred between onion and sugarcane isolates. Also, only one complementation occurred between one isolate of maize and one isolate of sugarcane and rice. Thus, a correlation between VCGs grouping and host preferences was founded. It is concluded that natural populations of F. proliferatum in Iran are probably genetically divergent and include isolates representing a potential risk for disease development.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: Rice fields are one of the most important habitats for various bird species. The list of bird species occurred in rice fields in Korean peninsula have been documented. However, information of listed bird species is included not only rice fields but also other wetland habitats such as lakes, tidal flats and rivers. Therefore, the study was conducted to clarify the status of bird observed in rice fields of Korea.METHODS AND RESULTS: Birds using rice fields defined as birds which forage or rest on rice paddies, levees, ditches and farming roads. Birds using rice fields recorded as total 124 species belonging to 40 families. Anatidae and Scolopacidae were the best represented family, followed by Ardeidae, Accipitridae, Motacillidae and Emberizidae; 50% of species belonged to these six families. 18 of 124 endangered wild species, which designated threatened at the national scale, found in this study regions.CONCLUSION: Despite interest in birds using rice fields of Korean peninsula, knowledge of birds and rice fields there is extremely limited. We need more studies to understand and conserve for birds in rice fields of Korea.