• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 1992

본 시험은 고령지 두과목초의 적응성을 구명하기 위하여 표고가 다른 3개지역(600,800,1000m a.s.l)에서 주구를 파종시기(추파.추파), 세구를 혼파조명(알팔파-화본과, 레드크로바-화본과, 화이트크로바-화본과)으로 두고 분할구 배치 3반복으로 수행하였다. 1.600m에서 두과목초의 적응성을 보면 알팔파, 레드클러버 및 화이트클로버 공히 추파를 했을 때 연차간 악화없이 약 30%를 유지하여 적응성이 매우 양호하였다.2. 800m에서는 화치트클로버를 춘파하므로써 연차간에 심한 감소없이 최종 예취시 약 14.0%를 점유하고 있었으며 또한 10a당 건물수량이 가장 많았다. 3. 1000m에서도 800m와 비슷한 경향으로 화이트클로버를 춘파했을 경우 어느정도 적응이 가능하였다. 4. 표고별 두과목초의 비솔 및 수량이 표고가 증가 할수록 현저하게 감소하였으며 알팔파는 800m 이상에서는 생육이 거의 불가능하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.252-257
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• 1991

초지관리용 2종 복합비료를 개발토자 시제품(N-P$_2$O$_{5}$-K$_2$O-MgO-B$_2$O$_3$: 14-10-12-3-0.2)을 일반단비와 공시하여 비효를 비교검토하였다. 대상초지로는 새로 조성된 겉뿌림 혼파초지(orchardgrass, tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass 및 ladino clover) 및 기존의 겉뿌림 단파초지(orchardgrass 우점초지)를 공시장소로하여 2년간 시험을 수행하였다. 1보에서는 토양화학성 및 무기염기의 상호균형, II보(본보)에서는 수량성 및 목초의 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며 이에 얻어진 주요결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 2년평균 건물수량은 혼파 및 단파초지 모두 동일시용수준에서 복비구가 단비구보다 월등히 높았다. 복비구의 수량증수효과를 초종별로 보면, 혼파초지에서 총수량은 소비수준에서 10.8% 보비수준에서 14.5% 증수되었다. 그러고 구성초종중 화본과목초의 수량은 소.보비수준 공히 11% 내외 증수되었고, 두과목초의 수량은 소비수준에서 21.5%, 보비수준에서 31.0% 증수되었다. 그러나 잡초수량은 거의 차이가 없었다. 화본과 단파초지의 수량은 소비수준에서 7.0%, 보비수준에서 21.8% 증수되었다. 2. 복비구가 단비구 보다 뚜렷한 증수효과를 보였으나, 시용수준과 혼.단파 및 구성초종의 특성들에 따라서 수량 증수율에 차리를 보였고, 소비보다 보비수준에서 그리고 화본과목초보다 두과목초에서 상대적으로 더 높은 증수효과를 보였다. 3. 일반성분의 함량차이를 보면, 조섬유, 조지방 및 NFE는 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 혼.단파 초지에서 공히 보비수준의 복비구가 다른 처리구보다 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. 무기양분의 함량처리를 보면 단.복비구간 처리된 차이를 보이지 않았다 Mg가 첨가된 복비시용에서도 초지토양 및 목초중 Mg함량이 적정수준에 미흡하였다.다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2009

본 연구는 친환경축산의 실천 및 유기조사료 생산을 위해 방목초지에서 혼파조합 및 질소시비 수준이 식생구성과 사초생산성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 시험은 2003년 8월부터 2005년 12월까지 난지농업연구소 시험포장에서 실시하였다. 시험처리는 혼파조합을 주구로 질소 시비수준을 세구로 하는 9처리 3반복 분할구배치법으로 배치하여 사초생산성과 식생구성변화를 조사하였다. 목초의 총 건물생산량은 두과혼파에 의해 높은 증가(P<0.01)를 보였으며, 질소시용 수준간에는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으며 식생구성비율은 1년차 봄에 화본과의 비율은 80% 정도의 비율을 차지하였으나 여름과 가을에는 두과 비율이 94% 이상의 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 혼파조합에 따른 조단백질 함량은 화본과 단파구(T1) 보다 두과목초 혼파구가 14.9%에서 18.0%로 평균 3.1% 높게 나타났으며 질소시비 수준에 따라서는 16.6~17.5%로 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.591-596
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• 1994

Chemical composition and nutritive values of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silages subjected to two cutting intervals were studies; 1st harvest in July (A), and 2nd (B) and 1st (C) harvests in November. Each forage was ensiled with 4% molasses in plastic bags and stored for 5 or 9 months. A feeding experiment with castrated goats was conducted from April to June of the following year. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) content of the harvests varied from 9.5 to 22.8% and 6.6 to 13.6% of DM, respectively. The dry matter content of the silages fed to the goats were 13.0 to 24.4%, because some effluent was removed from each silage before the feeding trial. The pH values of the silages were between 4.03 and 4.29. Goats were given sufficient silage to meet maintenance nitrogen requirements from napier grass silage. Silage C was not completely consumed, and the silage had low digestibilities of DM, CP, hemicellulose and cellulose. Nitrogen balance was slightly positive for goats consuming silage B and was negative for goats consuming silages A and C. Nitrogen utilization was discussed in terms of ruminal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen fluids. It is concluded that goats could not maintain N-equilibrium not only when a younger forage was consumed at a level of N requirement by a restricted feeding, but also when an older forage could not be consumed enough for N requirement because of feed intake limitation.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내에서 반추가축용 조사료 원으로 많이 사용하고 있는 화본과 수입조사료 6종(bermuda grass hay, klein grass hay, oat hay, orchard grass straw, tall fescue straw and timothy hay)에 대하여 최근 NRC의 nutrient requirements of daily cattle(7th revised edition, 2001)에서 권장하는 사료의 영양성분 분석방법에 따라 일반조성분과 함께 heat-stable $\alpha-amylase$ treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin(ADL), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein(NDICP)과 acid detergent insoluble crude protein(ADICP) 등의 함량을 분석하고 영양성분간의 Pearson의 상관계수를 산출하였다. 조사료에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 oat hay는 CP와 NDICP(p<0.05), CP와 ADICP(p<0.01)의 상관관계가 높게 나타났고, orchard grass straw는 CP와 NDICP의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). Tall fescue straw도 CP와 NDICP의 상관관계가 높게 나타났으며(p<0.01), timothy hay는 CP와 ADICP의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). Klein grass hay는 CF와 aNDF (p<0.01), oat hay는 CF와 ADF(p<0.05), orchard grass straw는 CF와 ADL(p<0.05), tall fescue straw는 CF와 aNDF(p<0.01), CF와 ADF(p<0.01), timothy hay는 CF와 aNDF(p<0.01), CF와ADF(p<0.05), CF와 ADL(p<0.01)에서 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이렇게 영양성분 간에 상관관계가 높은 성분들 간에는 앞으로 조사료의 영양성분에 영향을 미치는 제 요인들을 고정하여 상관관계를 조사하고, 분석점수를 많이 하여 회귀식을 만들 수 있다면 수입조사료 평가에 실질적인 적용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.914-919
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• 2007

The effect of the addition of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (mainly xylanase and cellulase activities, 15 ml/15 kg of fresh forage), on intake, total tract digestibility and nylon bag degradability of a chopped fresh Digitaria decumbens grass was studied at 2 stages of regrowth ( 21 and 56-day old grasses). Moreover, comparisons between ground and chopped grass were done using the nylon bag degradability method. DM intake (g/kg $BW^{0.75}$) and organic matter total tract digestibility for control and enzyme treatments respectively were 69.1 vs. 65.9 (p>0.05) and 0.723 vs. 0.727 (p>0.05) with the 21-day old regrowth. Based on the same parameters, values for the 56-day old grass were 58.1 vs. 52.7 (p>0.05) and 0.621 vs. 0.591 (p>0.05). Nylon bag degradation at 24 h of the dry matter for control versus enzyme treatments were 0.653 vs. 0.70 (p<0.05) and 0.644 vs. 0.733 (p<0.0001) for the 21-day old chopped and ground forage respectively, whereas with the 56-day old grass, corresponding values were 0.321 vs. 0.392 (p<0.0001) and 0.463 vs. 0.481 (p>0.05). The positive impact of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on degradability of the young and ground pangola grass may suggest that in some cases, enzyme accessibility to potentially digestible cell wall is a limiting factor in their digestion.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 1994

This experiment was canied out to determine the effects of 3cn1, 6cm, and lOcm of cutting height at harvest on the grass growth, dry matter(DM) yield, and weeds development in reed canarygrass(Phu1uris umndinacea L.) pasttire. The cultivars of reed canarygrass used in this study were Palaton. Veuture and Frontier(contro1). and the grass was harvested four times at soiling stage in 1992. The plant height at first harvest was 84, 96 and 94cm in Palaton, Venture and Frontier, respectively. The average regrowth height was same as 59cm in three cultivars. However, the regrowth height by cutting height was 61 -65cm in 6 and IOcm, and 51 -53cm in 3cm of low cutting height. Annual DM yield was not different in three cultivars of Palaton(l2.58lkg), Venture(l2,752kg), and Frontier (12,243kgIha). The yield at first harvmt wa5 significantly high in 3cm of height, however, the forage yields at second, third and fourth harvest were greatly high in 6cm of stubble height(P<0.05). Total yields by 3, 6 and lOcm of cutting height were 12.306. 14,094 and 11,342kg in Palaton, 12,794, 14,155 and 11,307kg in Venture, and 12,258, 12,940, and 11.535kglhg in Frontier, respectively. The highest yield was achieved in 6cm of stubble heigth(P<0.05). Daily DM production during grass regrowth was not affected by cultivars, and the best regrowth was observed by 6cm of cutting height. Development of weeds was high in 3cm of low stubble height, regradless of cultivars. The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose were not affected by cultivar and cutting height. In conclusion, it is suggested that the 6cm of cutting height is the most effective for grass regrowth, forage production, and weed control in reed canarygrass pasture. regradless of cultivm of Palaton, Venture and Frontier.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.325-325
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• 2017

In the 20th century, the average temperature of Korea has risen by $1.5^{\circ}C$, whereas it has risen by $0.6^{\circ}C$ globally. Few studies have investigated the effect of seeding date in hilly pastures on their growth characteristics and productivity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of seeding dates at a hilly pasture establishment on its growth characteristics and productivity caused by increasing temperatures in Korea. The experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at Pyeongchang, South Korea, at an altitude 600-700 m above sea level. The composition of grass mixture was tall fescue, orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, and white clover. Treatments comprised four seeding dates (August 13 and 27, and September 10 and 24). The establishment rate was lowest on September 24, resulting in only 20% establishment over the winter, and the proportion of weeds was highest on September 24 (58%). Early seedling growth before overwintering is a critical approach to ensure successful establishment of grassland. The main components were orchard grass and tall fescue on the early seeding date (August 13), and Kentucky bluegrass on the late seeding date (September 24). Late seeding increased the proportion of bare lands invaded by weed species, especially during second and third cutting periods. Early seeding date resulted in a progressive increase in biomass. Total annual production was significantly affected by the seeding date; lowest dry matter production was on September 24 ($2,441kg\;ha^{-1}$), whereas maximum dry matter yield was on August 27 ($6,608kg\;ha^{-1}$). The results of the study indicate that growth condition and productivity could be increased by early seeding, and seeding of grass in the Pyeongchang area should be completed before August 27. However, further studies are needed to determine the ideal seeding date at the hilly pasture establishment in Pyeongchang.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.800-807
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• 2019

Objective: The aim was to evaluate backgrounding beef steers on oat + ryegrass pastures mixed with vetch and/or using energy supplementation. Methods: A randomized block design with three treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were: grass + supplement (oat + ryegrass + supplementation), legume + supplement (oat + ryegrass + vetch + supplementation) and grass + legume (oat + ryegrass + vetch). A continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate was used. Twenty-seven intact crossbred steers (1/4 Marchigiana, 1/4 Aberdeen Angus and 2/4 Nellore) aged 7 months old and average weight of 190 kg were used. Steers were supplemented at 1% of the body weight of ground corn. The experiment lasted 84 days, between May and August 2014. Behavioral assessments were performed two times per experimental period, for 24 hours. Results: The forage mass was different between treatments, being greater for steers fed without legume. The accumulation rate, forage allowance, and stocking rate did not differ between treatments due to the adequate adjustment of forage allowance. The final weight of animals, as well as the dry matter intake (kg/d), did not differ between treatments. However, forage intake was higher for non-supplemented animals in relation to supplemented steers. Supplement intake did not alter the total digestible nutrient intake due to pasture quality. Animals fed grass + supplement had higher live weight gain per area than those fed grass + legume. Animals without supplementation spent more time in grazing. Conclusion: Feeding behavior was not altered by mixing with vetch or supplementation. Non-supplemented animals started the grazing peak earlier and spent more time in grazing than those supplemented; however, the average daily gain was similar between treatments. The live weight gain per hectare was 47% higher in pastures in which the animals received supplementation compared with those mixed with vetch, a consequence of the substitutive effect.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.245-249
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• 1998

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.), mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.], cowpea [V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.], adzuki bean [V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], maize [Zea mays L.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sorghum $\times$ sudangrass [So bicolor intraspecific hybrid], and Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Link) W.F. Wight] were grown at two planting dates (18 June and 15 July) at Cheju in 1997 to select the best forage legumes adapted to Cheju Island for grass-legume forage rotation. Averaged across planting dates and cultivars, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yields were 5,646, 1,056, and 3,637 kg/ha for soybean, 4,458, 676, and 2,661 kg/ha for mungbean, 3,289, 553, and 2,055 kg/ha for cowpea, 3,931, 674, and 2,489 kg/ha for adzuki bean, 12,695, 969, and 7,642 kg/ha for maize, 17,071, 1,260, and 8,857 kg/ha for sorghum, 16,355, 1,163, and 8,543 kg/ha for sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid, and 8,288, 929, and 4,091 kg/ha for Japanese millet. Soybean was higher in CP, ether extract (EE), and TON content but was lower in nitrogen free extract content compared with the three other legumes. The legumes had much higher CP (13.7 to 21.9%), EE (2.42 to 6.23%), and TDN (58.7 to 69.9%) content but lower in crude fiber (CF) content (17.3 to 25.3%) than did the grasses tested except maize which had relatively lower CF content but higher TDN content. These results suggest that soybean could be the best forage legume for grass-legume forage rotation in the Cheju region.