• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.7
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• pp.545-552
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• 2007

P3P(Platform for Privacy Preference) that is used in the World Wide Web is a standard to define and negotiate policies about definition, transmission, collection, and maintenance of personal information. Current P3P standard provides methods that define client personal information protection policy and P3P policy associated with web server. It also provides a method that compares these two policies. The current P3P standard, however, does not handle detail functions for safe transmission of the personal information and data. Also, it does not handle problems that can be induced by the detail functions. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, we propose a Secure P3P(S-P3P) protocol, which is a security protocol for the current P3P standard, offers mutual authentication between the web server and the client, and guarantees integrity and confidentiality of the messages and data. Furthermore, a S-P3P protocol provides non-repudiation on transmission and reception of personal information that is transmitted from the client to the web server.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate immune regulatory effects of the pharmacopuncture with MOK on hyperthyroid rats. Methods : The experimental hyperthyroidism was prepared by the intraperitoneal injection of L-thyroxine(LT4, 0.5 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. The pharmacopuncture with MOK extract(MOK pharmacopuncture) at doses of 0.3 or 3 mg/kg was injected on acupuncture points in the thyroid glands of hyperthyroid rats once a day for 2 weeks. Propylthiouracil(PTU, 10 mg/kg) as a reference group was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal neck. We measured the levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 in the sera of rats using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) and determined the expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-10, and Foxp3 in spleen tissues by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results : The treatment of MOK pharmacopuncture in hyperthyroid rats significantly decreased the serum levels of Th1 cytokine, $IFN-{\gamma}$(p<0.01 for MOK 0.3 mg/kg, p<0.05 for MOK 3 mg/kg, and p<0.05 for PTU) and significantly increased the levels of Th2 cytokine, IL-4(p<0.05 for MOK 0.3 mg/kg, p<0.001 for MOK 3 mg/kg, and p<0.05 for PTU) compared to control group. Also, the MOK pharmacopuncture significantly increased IL-4 expression(p<0.05 for MOK 3 mg/kg, and p<0.05 for PTU), IL-10(p<0.05 for MOK 3 mg/kg, and p<0.01 for PTU), and Foxp3(p<0.01 for MOK 0.3 mg/kg, p<0.05 for MOK 3 mg/kg and p<0.01 for PTU) in spleen tissues of hyperthyroid rats compared to control group. Conclusions : Our results suggest that MOK pharmacopuncture can help to ameliorate the pathological progression of hyperthyroidism by regulation of the Th1/Th2 imbalance.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.534-540
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• 2007

The Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome contains six operons (rrnA to F) for ribosomal RNA synthesis. Transcription from rrnD occurs from four promoters (p1 to p4). We found that transcripts from the p1 and p3 promoters were most abundant in vivo in the early exponential phase. However, at later phases of exponential and stationary growth, transcripts from the p1 promoter decreased drastically, with the p3 and p4 transcripts constituting the major forms. Partially purified RNA polymerase supported transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, whereas pure reconstituted RNA polymerase with core enzyme (E) and the major vegetative sigma factor ${\sigma}^{HrdB}$ ($E{\cdot}{\sigma}^{HrdB}$) did not. In order to assess any potential requirement for additional factor(s) that allow transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, we fractionated a partially purified RNA polymerase preparation by denaturing gel filtration chromatography. We found that transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters required factor(s) of about 30-35 kDa in addition to RNAP holoenzyme ($E{\cdot}{\sigma}^{HrdB}$). Therefore, transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, which contain a consensus -10 region but no -35 for ${\sigma}^{HrdB}$ recognition, are likely to be regulated by transcription factor(s) that modulate RNA polymerase holoenzyme activity in S. coelicolor.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The protein p104 was first isolated as a binding partner of the Src homology domain of phospholipase C$\gamma$1, and has been shown to associate with p85$\alpha$, Grb2. The ectopic expression of p104 reduced cellular growth rate, which was also achieved with the overexpression of only the proline-rich region of p104. The proline-rich region of p104 has been found to inhibit the colony formation of platelet-derived growth factor BB-stimulated NIH3T3 cells and MCF7 cancer cells on soft agar. Mutagenesis analysis showed that the second and third proline-rich regions are essential for growth control, as well as for interaction with p85$\alpha$. Overexpression of p104 increased the level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, $p27^{Kip1}$, and inhibited the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). In summary, p104 interacts with p85$\alpha$ and is involved in the regulation of $p27^{Kip1}$ expression for the reduction of cellular proliferation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2008

This study investigated the rheological and sensory characteristics of pickle with frozen pine mushroom. P3(Developed pickle seasoning) was the best by preference among three kinds of pine mushroom pickle seasoning. For flavor and functionality, pine mushroom pickle was processed by using three kinds of method(P3-1: P3+cinnamon 10 g, P3-2: P3+licorice 10 g and P3-3: P3+licorice 5 g+cinnamon 5 g). As a result, the product from P3-3(P3+licorice 5 g+cinnamon 5 g) was the best preferred pine mushroom pickle. The pH value of P3-3 was 2.15, 42.9 degrees Brix, and its color value was L(54.65), a(-1.61), b(17.87). Its texture level was higher than that of other products, but it would be lowered on storage. Until the 28th day of storage, microorganisms in pine mushroom pickle seasoning were detected less than 30 CFU/mL.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hormones treated (progesterone, and combination of progesterone and estradiol) on the reproductive performance of dairy cattle. The intravaginal CIDR was inserted in the vagina of cow on day 14 (P-7, PE-7), 16 (P-5, PE-5) and 18 (P-3, PE-3) post-insemination to stimulate progesterone secretion with (PE) and without estradiol(P). The CIDR was removed on 7 (P-7, PE-7), 5 (P-5, PE-5) and 3 (P-3, PE-3) days after. The cows for control group were not treated with CIDR or hormones. Conception rate, the duration needed for conception after AI and the number of AI services needed for conception were measured. Conception rate in control, CIDR without estradiol (P-7, P-5 and P-3) and CIDR treated (PE-7, PE-5 and PE-3) cows were 15.8%, 40.0%, 31.5%, 28.6%, 62.5%, 50.0% and 0%, respectively. The days needed for conception after AI in control, P-7, P-5, p-3, PE-7, PE-5 and PE-3 were 64.9, 63.0, 59.1, 8.0, 0.0, 18.9 and 83.3 days, respectively. The days needed for conception in cows treated with CIDR (PE-7) has shown longer than control and PE-3 (p<0.05). The number of AI services needed for conception in control, CIDR (PE-7, PE-5 and PE-3) and CIDR without estradiol treated cows (P-7, P-5 and P-3) were 27, 2.3, 1.9, 1.3, 1.0, 1.7 and 2.8 times, respectively. The number of AI services needed for conception have shown significantly lower in PE-7 compared to control and PE-3.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

This study focuses on the appropriate planting soil for Vitex rotundifolia by planting soil. Different soil depth levels were achieved at 15cm and 25cm in the green roof module system that was created with woody materials for a $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$ area. The soil mixture ratio was $S_{10}$, $L_{10}$, $S_7L_3$, $S_5L_5$, $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$. This study was carried out over five months between April and September, 2006. The amount of soil moisture tends to decrease according to the planting soil. For the experimental items $S_{10}$, $S_7L_3$ and $S_5L_5$, the amount of soil moisture tends to decrease rapidly. However, for the experimental items $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$, conditions containing perlite and peat moss, the amount of moisture tends to decrease more gradually. As a result, the use of soil-improving amending for the afforestation planting of roofs with a low level of management is need. After experimenting with the ratio of soil mixture for Vitex rotundifolia, the planting soil for experimental item $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$ appeared excellent. For experimental item $S_{10}$, the growth of Vitex rotundifolia seemed to be weaker than that of others, because of the low levels of moisture and organic matter in the soil. For experimental item $L_{10}$, there appeared to be a low level of growth, even when the levels of moisture and organic matter were high. This may have occurred because of the low level of soil pH and the excessive amount of exchangeable cation. At the depth of 25cm, the growth of Vitex rotundifolia is vigorous overall. For experimental item at 15cm, Vitex rotundifolia was able to survive for 14 days without any rainfall and Vitex rotundifolia was better in amended soil, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$, than natural soil, SL.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.165-180
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• 2008

The present study is a descriptive survey on factors affecting middle school students' oral health belief and oral health practice. In order to find methods for forming right beliefs and inducing desirable behavioral patterns, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 470 students at two middle schools in Cheongju and drew conclusions as follows. Of the 470 questionnaires, 457 were recovered. With 10 inappropriately answered ones excluded, 446 questionnaires were analyzed. 1. As to oral health belief according to general characteristics, susceptibility was 2.63 points (p=0.035) in male students, 2.68 (p=0.016) in 3rd year students, and 2.92 (p=0.002) in only child students. Seriousness was 2.57 (p=0.017) in male students, 2.67 (p=0.001) in 3rd?year students, and 2.92 (p=0.001) in only child students. barrier was 2.62 (p=0.009) in 3rd year students, and 2.95 (p=0.002) in only child students. Benefit was 3.40 (p=0.011) in female students, and 3.43 (p=0.003) in 1st year students. salience was 3.21 (p=0.006) in female students, and 3.24 (p=0.009) in 1st year students. 2. As to oral health belief according to oral?health?related factors, susceptibility and seriousness were 2.69 (p=0.003) and 2.72 (p=0.000), respectively, in the lower?middle class group, 2.83 (p=0.001) and 2.80 (p=0.003), respectively, in the drink taking group, and 2.80 (p=0.000) and 2.75 (p=0.000), respectively, in the low conversation group. barrier was 2.63 (p=0.018) in the lower?middle class group, 2.67 (p=0.021) in the low conversation group, and 2.77 (p=0.000) in the group fearing the visit to the dental clinic. Benefit was 3.36 (p=0.000) in the high conversation group, and 3.37 (p=0.0l5) in the group visiting the dental clinic for prevention. salience was 3.26 for beverage and 3.20 (p=0.003) for fruit and vegetable. 3. As to oral health practice according to general characteristics, the score of oral health practice was 3.21 (p=0.000) in female students, 3.30 (p=0.000) in those aged 12 or below, and 3.27 (p=0.000) in 1st?year students. 4. As to oral health practice according to factors related to oral health, the point was 3.17 (p=0.002) in the middle upper class group, 3.24 (p=0.001) in the group eating mainly fruit or vegetable, and 3.18 (p=0.030) in those with experience in education. 5. Oral health practice was in a negative correlation with susceptibility (r=-0.143), and in a positive correlation with benefit (r=0.229) and salience (r=0.286).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

The term "P2 sir-associated helper inefficiency" has been used to define the inefficient helper capability of P2 sir mutants for their satellite bacteriophage P4. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors overcoming P2 sir-associated helper inefficiency. At first, we verified whether the P2 cos region containing P4 sid71 cosP2 could overcome P2 sir-associated helper inefficiency with P2 sir3. The result was that P4 sid71 cosP2 could not overcome P2 sir-associated helper inefficiency with P2 sir3. Instead of cos region of P2, the size of the DNA packaged into a $P2_{sir}$-sized head seems to be important for overcoming P2 sir-associated helper inefficiency. In the present work, three kinds of P4 derivatives with packaged DNA sizes between those of P4 ost1 and P4 ost2, were constructed through DNA manipulation. In one P4 derivative, P4 sid71 delRI::apr, the size of the packaged DNA was identified with a CsCl buoyant equilibrium density gradient experiment. According to the burst sizes of the P4 derivatives, they could overcome P2 sir3-associated helper inefficiency. The size of the P4 derivative DNA suitable for packaging into a $P2_{sir3}$-sized head was 28-29 kb.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.722-725
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• 1999

Filamentation-suppressed recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the Alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes and the E. coli ftsZ gene was constructed and cultivated for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] with high concentration and high content. By the pH-stat fed-batch culture of this recombinant E. coli strain XL1-Blue(pJC5), the final cell concentration and P(3HB) concentration obtained in 44.25h were 172.2g cell dry weight/l and 141.9g P(3HB)/l, respectively, resulting in productivity of 3.21g P(3HB)/l-h. More importantly, the P(3HB) content obtained was 82.4 wt %, which was significantly higher than that obtained with the recombinant E. coli harboring only the PHA biosynthesis genes.