• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-89
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• 2008

The Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 of 24 Juni 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs. This Regulation describes the legal framework for agricultural products and foodstuffs obtained organically. The Regulation establishes a harmonized framework for the production, labelling and inspection of agricultural products and foodstuffs in order to increase consumer confidence in such products and ensure fair competition between producers. This article presents a study about inspection and certification system of organic production of agricultural products and foodstuffs in Germany. In order to guarantee respect for the rules of production, the Regulation provides for an inspection system to ensure that operators who produce, prepare or store organic products or import them from third countries notify the competent private and public authorities in the Member States of their activities. These inspection authorities must, at the very least, ensure application of the minimum inspection and precautionary measures laid down in Annex III to the Regulation. For the production of meat, the Regulation states that the Member States must guarantee the traceability of products throughout the production, processing and preparation chain.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.491-504
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• 2020

School food services using environment-friendly agricultural products (E.F.A.E) have been promoted by school food service center (S.F.S.C) of each county in Chungnam. Since Dangjin S.F.S.C was established for the first time in 2011, 13 S.F.S.Cs have been established in 13 counties of Chungnam. 9 S.F.S.Cs of them have been managed directly by each county and 4 S.F.S.Cs of them managed by contracted cooperatives. Price deviation of 8 foodstuffs (rice, radish, spinach, cabbage, scallion, onion, garlic and potato) which are consumed much relatively was showed differently by counties. And in the average price of 8 foodstuffs, that of foodstuffs produced within the county was lower than that of produced in Chungnam and domestic. Also, the coefficient of variation of school foodstuffs was lower than that of retail market because S.F.S.C has procured school foodstuffs by contract cultivation between each S.F.S.C and producers. Contract cultivation effected on E.F.A.E price stability and producers' farm income.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2000

The properties of pulsed photostimulated luminescence (PPSL) were measured to use as basis data for the detection of irradiated foodstuffs (34 different foods). Samples were packed in polyethylene bags and irradiated at 1, 5, and 10 kGy with a dose rate of 10 kGy/h. The samples irradiated were introduced in the sample chamber without other preparation and measured PPSL photon counts for 60 and 120 s. The PPSL photo counts of the irradiated samples were higher than the unirradiated, increased with increasing irradiation dose, and showed a good relationship between irradiation doses and photon counts in a multinomial expression. These results suggest that the detection of irradiated foodstuffs was possible by PPSL. Therefore, PPSL can be proposed as the method for the detection of irradiated foodstuffs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.373-389
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate exposure level and risk of heavy metals in livestock foodstuffs and Korean foods. Based on the "Food Intake Data," a part of the 2005 National Health & Nutrition Survey and the "2005 Seasonal Nutrition Survey", 113 Korean foods items were selected. 3 samples from different manufacturers of each 113 items of Korean foods were purchased on summer and fall, so total 678 samples were used. The food groups were classified into 15 categories. For the livestock foodstuffs category, meats and poultry (chicken, pork, pork belly, beef, beef feet soup), milks and dairy products (milk, ice cream, liquid yoghourt, sherbet), eggs (egg) were selected. It was found that the daily amount of heavy metals intake (mg/person/day) from livestock foodstuffs is 0.00020 arsenic, 0.00000 cadmium, 0.00020 lead, and 0.00006 mercury, and the daily amount of heavy metals intake (mg/person/day) from Korean foods is 0.0265 arsenic, 0.0083 cadmium, 0.0067 lead, and 0.0028 mercury. Daily amount of heavy metals intake from livestock foodstuffs was low among the food groups. For risk assessment, PDI (Probable Daily Intake) was calculated and compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake) of JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive). Relative hazard of these livestock foodstuffs was 0.006% in arsenic, 0.000% in cadmium, 0.085% in lead, and 0.149% in mercury. Relative hazard of Korean foods was 0.941% in arsenic, 14.676% in cadmium, 3.319% in lead, and 6.860% in mercury. Thus, livestock foodstuffs and Korean foods were as safe as satisfied with the recommended standards of JECFA.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

2003년도 시중에 유통중인 수입식품에 대한 방사능 오염실태를 조사하였다. 조사 대상시료는 핵실험 및 핵사고 (주변)국가나 원자력발전소를 보유한 국가에서 수입된 식품 중 허용기준치를 초과한 사례가 있는 식품류와 방사능 농도가 일반적으로 높다고 기존에 보고된 식품류 등으로 선정하였다. 모든 시료는 건조 후 분말화하여 사용하였으며, 방사능 농도는 감마핵종분석기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 2003년도에 시장에서 구입한 수입식품 시료에서는 식품공전의 방사능 잠정허용기준에 명시된 핵종(Cs-137, Cs-134, I-131) 중 Cs-137만이 검출되었으며, 나머지 핵종은 모두 최소검출방사능(MDA) 이하였다. 차가버섯을 제외한 수입식품의 방사능 농도는 17.0 Bq/kg이하 또는 모두 MDA값을 보였다. 그러나 러시아에서 수입된 차가버섯의 경우는 최대 131.25 Bq/kg으로 식약청의 식품 중의 방사능 잠정허용기준치인 370 Bq/kg 보다 낮은 값으로 나타났으나, 잠정허용기준치의 35%에 해당되었다. 따라서 전체 차가버섯 중 높은 방사능 농도를 보이는 비율을 낮지만, 국민의 방사능 오염에 대한 민감성을 고려할 때 지속적인 방사능 오염도 평가가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1996

Aspergillus flavus를 포함한 수종의 곰팡이들은 사람과 가축에 독성이 있는 저분자의 2차대사산물을 생산하며 이를 mycotoxin이라고 부른다. 우리나라 여름과 같은 적당한 온도와 습도는 유해곰팡이의 성장이 가능하여 쌀, 보리, 옥수수, 메주, 된장, 간장 및 고추장과 같은 전통식품 및 그 재료와 같은 대부분의 유기물질에서 mycotoxin이 생산될 수 있다. 지금까지 여러 사람들은 Aspergillus속, Penicillium속, Fusarium속 곰팡이를 전통식품과 그 재료로부터 분리하였으며, 그 중에서 여러 mycotoxin을 생산하는 곰팡이를 검색하였다. 또한 상기와 비슷한 시료에서 aflatoxin, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol(DON) 및 zearalenone 등의 mycotoxin오염을 확인하기도 했다. 그러나 이러한 자료들은 실험조건과 방법에서 서로 상이하며 일관성이 결여되어있고, 특히 대부분의 실험들이 일과성으로 끝났기 때문에 곰팡이독소를 중심으로 하여 전통식품을 객관적으로 평가하기 위해서는 보다 지속적이고 합리적인 실험방법과 재료가 요구된다. 이러한 목적을 위해서는 새로운 첨단기술을 응용하여 mycotoxin을 보다 간편하고 신속히 분석할 수 있는 방법을 개발해야하며, 또한 보다 지속적인 연구비 투자와 연구시설의 확충으로 연구의 활성화와 기술축적을 위한 노력을 해야할 것이다. 이 같은 합리적인 노력으로 전통식품의 mycotoxin 오염여부를 지속적으로 조사하고, 아울러 우리 전통식품의 안전성을 확보하는 것이 가능하며 그 결과 국제화 시대에 부응하는 보다나은 전통식품의 보존과 개발이 이루어지게 될 것이다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 1991

한국내에서 재래적인 방법에 의하여, 생산, 시판되고 있는 전통 발효식품인 메주 (12종), 된장 (28종) 및 간장 (28종)을 전국에서 수거하였다. 이들로부터 OA 생성하는 fungi를 분리하였다. 분리된 균으로 다시 Ochratoxin A 생성 유무를 관찰하였으며, 개괄적인 균 동정도 시도하였다. 1. Ochratoxin A를 정량조사(定量調査)한 표준곡선의 작성결과(作成結果), 감도 (Sensitivity)는 20 pg/tube 수준 이었다. 2. 본 실험에서 이용한 OA 의 분석 방법에서 OA 의 회수율(回收率)은 90% 이상 이었다. 3. 각 시료(試料)에서 분리(分離)해낸 222 fungi 중 Ochratoxin A를 생성하는 것은 39 isolates로 나타났으며, 이 중 대부분이 Aspergillus 속, Penicillium 속 그리고 Pae-cilomyces 속 이었다. 4. 전통 발효식품인 메주,된장,간장내의 곰팡이중 Ochratoxin A 생성곰팡이의 생성률은 각각 19.27%, 18.30%, 14.70%으로 나타났으며 0.2g / 2 petridish 이상의 OA 생성률은 20.5% (8/39)로 나타났다. 또한 Ochratoxin A 생성에 대한 몇가지 추론도 함께 하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1998년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.583-588
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• 1998

The effectiveness of dose reduction resulting from the application of countermeasures for ingestion pathways after nuclear accidents was investigated together with the derivation of optimized intervention levels for Korean foodstuffs. The radioactivity in foodstuffs was predicted from a dynamic food chain model DYNACON for the date which the deposition occurs. The effectiveness of countermeasures strongly depended on radionuclides, foodstuffs and date of deposition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.571-575
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• 1995

A total of 455 food samples representing 22 different food types were collected from several localities at Alexandria province in Egypt. Aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 were detected in 5 out of 455 (1.1%) of these food samples. From the same samples 206 fungal isolates were obtained. Thirty two of these isolates (15.5%) were found to be aflatoxin producers. Aspergillus flavus was the dominant isolate, while Aspergillus parasaticus was also isolated from a few other food samples. Among locally consumed foodstuffs. Peanut (7.5%) and Milk powder (6.6%) were found to be a suitable substrates for aflatoxin production. The hygienic and public health significance of the isolated aflatoxigenic strains were discussed.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2001

It is thought that the sanitary perception and hygienic food treatment of food suppliers as the first handlers of foodstuffs are extremely significant for the safe and sanitary management of food in group meal services. So in this study, a survey of 103 food suppliers who provide raw materials for 80 meal services in business places around Busan area was conducted on general matters, participation in sanitation education, sanitary perception, sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, knowledge of sanitation, etc. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. 42.7% of the subjects have worked for the food supply companies for one to five years and the main job of 36.9% of them is delivery service. Food suppliers who handle over two foodstuffs are 6839%. 2. Concerning the participation in sanitation education, 43.7% of the subjects have not experienced any such education, The reason of 23.3% of them for not having the education is that there have been no opportunity for them at all. And 83.5% of them regard the education on hygiene as necessary. 3. In the sanitary perception, 93.1% of the subjects considered the temperature control of the food delivery vehicles as important and 82.5% of them replied on of the leading causes of food poisoning as foodstuffs. 64.0% thought of their knowledge of food sanitation as not very good, but moderate. 4. Concerning sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, 50.5% of delivery vehicles were wearing sanitary uniforms and 24.3% of them washed their hands while supplying food. 5. In the score of hygienic knowledge, the average score of all food suppliers was 60.6 point. In the score of hygienic knowledge on general matters, managing supervisors got 6.31$\pm$1.70. In the score of hygienic knowledge based on the perception of food sanitation, the food suppliers with the experience of sanitation education scored 6.42$\pm$1.93 point and the point was significant(p<0.01), compared with that of the food suppliers without the experience of sanitation education. The food suppliers who answered their knowledge was very good scored the highest point, 8.00$\pm$1.41. The food suppliers who replied that sanitation education was truly necessary recorded the hygienic knowledge score of 6.75$\pm$1.77, significantly(p<0.01) high. In the score of hygienic knowledge on the basis of the practical degree of sanitary handling of food materials, the food suppliers who answered they cleaned their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.48$\pm$1.93, the food suppliers who answered they sterilized their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.29$\pm$1.89, the food suppliers who answered they controlled the temperature of their delivery vehicles irregularly scored 6.58$\pm$1.79 and the food suppliers who answered they washed their hands every time when they were working scored 6.86$\pm$2.24, significantly(p<0.05) high in comparison with every item in other factors. And the food suppliers who answered they were wearing sanitary uniforms irregularly while supplying foodstuffs scored the highest point, 6.66$\pm$2.92.