• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.73-95
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• 2021

This study uses Node2vec graph embedding method and Light GBM link prediction to explore undeveloped export candidate countries in Korea's food and beverage industry. Node2vec is the method that improves the limit of the structural equivalence representation of the network, which is known to be relatively weak compared to the existing link prediction method based on the number of common neighbors of the network. Therefore, the method is known to show excellent performance in both community detection and structural equivalence of the network. The vector value obtained by embedding the network in this way operates under the condition of a constant length from an arbitrarily designated starting point node. Therefore, it has the advantage that it is easy to apply the sequence of nodes as an input value to the model for downstream tasks such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. Based on these features of the Node2vec graph embedding method, this study applied the above method to the international trade information of the Korean food and beverage industry. Through this, we intend to contribute to creating the effect of extensive margin diversification in Korea in the global value chain relationship of the industry. The optimal predictive model derived from the results of this study recorded a precision of 0.95 and a recall of 0.79, and an F1 score of 0.86, showing excellent performance. This performance was shown to be superior to that of the binary classifier based on Logistic Regression set as the baseline model. In the baseline model, a precision of 0.95 and a recall of 0.73 were recorded, and an F1 score of 0.83 was recorded. In addition, the light GBM-based optimal prediction model derived from this study showed superior performance than the link prediction model of previous studies, which is set as a benchmarking model in this study. The predictive model of the previous study recorded only a recall rate of 0.75, but the proposed model of this study showed better performance which recall rate is 0.79. The difference in the performance of the prediction results between benchmarking model and this study model is due to the model learning strategy. In this study, groups were classified by the trade value scale, and prediction models were trained differently for these groups. Specific methods are (1) a method of randomly masking and learning a model for all trades without setting specific conditions for trade value, (2) arbitrarily masking a part of the trades with an average trade value or higher and using the model method, and (3) a method of arbitrarily masking some of the trades with the top 25% or higher trade value and learning the model. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the performance of the model trained by randomly masking some of the trades with the above-average trade value in this method was the best and appeared stably. It was found that most of the results of potential export candidates for Korea derived through the above model appeared appropriate through additional investigation. Combining the above, this study could suggest the practical utility of the link prediction method applying Node2vec and Light GBM. In addition, useful implications could be derived for weight update strategies that can perform better link prediction while training the model. On the other hand, this study also has policy utility because it is applied to trade transactions that have not been performed much in the research related to link prediction based on graph embedding. The results of this study support a rapid response to changes in the global value chain such as the recent US-China trade conflict or Japan's export regulations, and I think that it has sufficient usefulness as a tool for policy decision-making.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1131-1131
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• 2001

To develop a nondestructive quality evaluation technique of fruits, a K-mean algorism is applied to near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of apples. The K-mean algorism is one of neural network partition methods and the goal is to partition the set of objects O into K disjoint clusters, where K is assumed to be known a priori. The algorism introduced by Macqueen draws an initial partition of the objects at random. It then computes the cluster centroids, assigns objects to the closest of them and iterates until a local minimum is obtained. The advantage of using neural network is that the spectra at the wavelengths having absorptions against chemical bonds including C-H and O-H types can be selected directly as input data. In conventional multiple regression approaches, the first wavelength is selected manually around the absorbance wavelengths as showing a high correlation coefficient between the NIR $2^{nd}$ derivative spectrum and Brix value with a single regression. After that, the second and following wavelengths are selected statistically as the calibration equation shows a high correlation. Therefore, the second and following wavelengths are selected not in a NIR spectroscopic way but in a statistical way. In this research, the spectra at the six wavelengths including 900, 904, 914, 990, 1000 and 1016nm are selected as input data for K-mean analysis. 904nm is selected because the wavelength shows the highest correlation coefficients and is regarded as the absorbance wavelength. The others are selected because they show relatively high correlation coefficients and are revealed as the absorbance wavelengths against the chemical structures by B. G. Osborne. The experiment was performed with two phases. In first phase, a reflectance was acquired using fiber optics. The reflectance was calculated by comparing near infrared energy reflected from a Teflon sphere as a standard reference, and the $2^{nd}$ derivative spectra were used for K-mean analysis. Samples are intact 67 apples which are called Fuji and cultivated in Aomori prefecture in Japan. In second phase, the Brix values were measured with a commercially available refractometer in order to estimate the result of K-mean approach. The result shows a partition of the spectral data sets of 67 samples into eight clusters, and the apples are classified into samples having high Brix value and low Brix value. Consequently, the K-mean analysis realized the classification of apples on the basis of the Brix values.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2014

Purpose: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been widely used as an antiemetic agent. This systematic review was aimed at evaluation of the effect of dried ginger powder supplementation on improvement of nausea and vomiting associated with early pregnancy or motion sickness. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and KISS (Korean studies Information Service System) using keywords such as ginger or Zingiber officinale in combination with nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, or pregnancy, published in March 2013. Results: The strength of the evidence was evaluated on the selected 12 RCTs (randomized controlled trials). Eleven trials including 2,630 subjects showed that supplementation with dried ginger powder resulted in significant improvement of nausea or vomiting related to early pregnancy or motion sickness. Among the nine studies including 809 women in early pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation, ginger supplementation was superior to placebo in five studies (n = 305), and as effective as positive control (vitamin $B_6$ or dimenhydrinate) in four studies (n = 504). Ginger intake significantly reduced the episodes or severity of vomiting related to motion sickness compared to placebo or showed the same effect as several antiemetic drugs in two studies (n = 1,821). Conclusion: Our findings added evidence indicating that ginger powder supplements might improve the symptoms of nausea or vomiting related to early pregnancy or motion sickness without significant adverse events.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the contents included in the curriculum and 382 syllabi of the department of home economics education of College of Education in Korea and analyze the correlation by detailed area through the keyword network method. In order to analyze the home economics education curriculum and 382 syllabuses of a total of 11 universities, the frequency of keyword occurrence was analyzed using the KrKwic program, also the degree of connection between keywords and various centrality scales were calculated and visualized. The results of this study were as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the entire syllabi, keywords representing various fields such as family, secondary school, clothing, food, consumer, and design appeared evenly, and keywords related to teaching methods such as 'method', 'practice', 'change', and 'principle' were appeared. Those keywords showed high degree of connection and centrality. Second, in the detailed sectoral analysis, core keywords for each area appeared, and each subject were found to reflect the core keywords of the academic base. This study contributes to the conversion of curriculum of the department of home economics education to future-oriented and convergent curriculum.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-190
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• 2024

Cannabis sativa is a plant widely cultivated worldwide and has been used as a material for food, medicine, building materials and cosmetics. In this study, we assessed the functional effects of C. sativa stem and root extracts using network pharmacology and confirmed their novel functions. The components in stem and root ethanol extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and networks between the components and proteins were constructed using the STICHI database. Functional annotation of the proteins was performed using the KEGG pathway. The effects of the extracts were confirmed in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced THP-1 cells using real-time PCR. A total of 21 and 32 components were identified in stem and root extracts, respectively, and 147 and 184 proteins were linked to stem and root components, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 69 pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway, were commonly affected by the extracts. Further investigation using pathway networks revealed that terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was likely affected by the extracts, and the expression of the MVK and MVD genes, key proteins in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, was decreased in LPC-induced THP-1 cells. Therefore, this study determined the diverse function of C. sativa extracts, providing information for predicting and researching the effects of C. sativa.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.259-261
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• 2003

The nsdD gene has been predicted to encode a GATA type transcription factor with the type IVb zinc finger DNA binding domain functions in activating sexual development of A. nidulans. In several allelic mutants of nsdD producing truncated NsdD polypeptides lacking the C-terminal zinc finger, the transcription level of nsdD gene was greatly increased. Also in an over-expressed mutant, the transcription under its own promoter was reduced. These results suggest that the expression of nsdD is negatively autoregulated. When the nsdD gene was over-expressed, cleistothecia were formed in excess amounts even in the presence of 0.6 M KC1 that inhibited sexual development of the wild type. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of nsdD was repressed by 0.6 M KC1. These results strongly suggest that the inhibition of sexual development by salts was carried out via the nsdD involved regulatory network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2003

Plants have evolved differently from animals having mobile activities. Thus, plants should have developed unique defense mechanisms against biotic/abiotic stresses to which plants are differently exposed, according to seasons. Most organisms have an conserved signaling network using mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade(s). The phenomenon implied that they are functionally very important in all organisms. In fact, they constitute one of the major components of signaling pathways involved in regulating a wide range of cellular activities from growth and development to cell death. Recently, complete MAPK cascade was first characterized in Arabidopsis from the receptor kinase (FLS2) through fellowing MEKKI -MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6-WRKY22/MRKY29 pathway. Whereas, MAPK cascade signaling pathway in monocot plant including rice (0ryza sativa L.), the most important of all food crops and an established monocot plant research model, MAPKinase kinase kinases (MAPKKK) of rice are the first upstream component of the MAPK cascade, but MAPKKK has been first identified and characterized in our lab and designated as, OsEDRl based on its homology with the Arabidopsis EDRI. The Arabidopsis EDRl was regarded as a negative regulator of defense response and the role of rice OsEDRl was analyzed. Transcriptional regulation of OsEDRl was detected under various stresses and immunoblotting analysis is going on to detect the level of OsEDRl protein in the mutants showing unique phenotype. We also introduced the constitutively active and the dominant negative forms of the OsEDRl for characterizing biological function.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.199-204
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• 2013

Syntenin is an adaptor molecule containing 2 PDZ domains which mediate molecular interactions with diverse integral or cytoplasmic proteins. Most of the results on the biological function of syntenin were obtained from studies with malignant cells, necessitating exploration into the role of syntenin in normal cells. To understand its role in normal cells, we investigated expression and function of syntenin in human lymphoid tissue and cells in situ and in vitro. Syntenin expression was denser in the germinal center than in the extrafollicular area. Inside the germinal center, syntenin expression was obvious in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Flow cytometric analysis with isolated cells confirmed a weak expression of syntenin in T and B cells and a strong expression in FDCs. In FDC-like cells, HK cells, most syntenin proteins were found in the cytoplasm compared to weak expression in the nucleus. To study the function of syntenin in FDC, we examined its role in the focal adhesion of HK cells by depleting syntenin by siRNA technology. Knockdown of syntenin markedly impaired focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation in HK cells. These results suggest that syntenin may play an important role in normal physiology as well as in cancer pathology.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

A typical small firm in consumer goods sectors of developing countries is an OEM supplier to big MNCs. Lacking design and marketing capability, a small firm relies on the MNCs for survival but their long term growth is not guaranteed as the MNCs are always looking for, and ready to relocate to, cheaper production sites. In this light, we can say that there is something like "OEM trap" from which most firms from LDCs find difficult to move out (Lee 2005). In this situation, one way for long term growth and catch-up is to make a transition to the OBM (own brand manufacturer). But, the transition is not easy or even risky. This paper analyzes the cases of three companies in Korea to find out common features in their successful transition to OBM. They are Aurora World (a flush toy maker), Hankook Chinaware (a chinaware maker), and Hanacobi (a plastic-made food container maker with the Lock-and-Lock brand). These firms can be commonly characterized by 1) arranging access to external knowledge base and steady increase of in-house R&D efforts and capabilities leading to acquisition of formal IPRs and their management, and 2) establishment of global production networks with factories in lower-income countries as well as their own independent global marketing network.