• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2002

This study was performed to assets the operating characteristics of food waste composting and co-composting (food waste + sewage sludge) at a compelling facility. The facility was being operated successfully without being affected by kind of composting feed materials. Partial anaerobic condition was detected during food waste composting and co-com-posting, but these two composting systems were proven to be operated successfully under aerobic condition from the monitoring results of $O_2$, volatile solids reduction rate, temperature, and other parameters. The conductivity and chloride concentrations of compost were gradually increased during two composting periods, but the conductivity and chloride concentrations of co-compelling indicated lower values than those of food waste composting at final point(40 m). As a result, co-composting was turned out to be more desirable than food waste composting, considering salt problem. High correlations ($R^2$= 0.9265 for food waste composting and $R^2$= 0.9685 for co-composting) between CEC and volatile organic matter were found. Quality of composts produced from two composting process satisfied Korean heavy metal standard.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Background: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is gaining attention as an efficient decomposer of food waste. However, recalcitrant compounds such as plastics mixed into food waste may have negative effects on its growth and survival. Moreover, its efficiency of food waste degradation may also be affected by plastics. In addition, salt (NaCl) can also be present in high concentrations, which also reduces the efficiency of H. illucens-mediated food waste treatment. In this study, we assessed the growth of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on food waste containing polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) and NaCl. The weight of BSFL was measured every 2-4 days. Survival and substrate reduction rates and pupation ratio were determined at the end of the experiment. Results: The total larval weight of Hermetia illucens reared on food waste containing PS was greater than that of the control on days 20 and 24. However, the survival rate was lower in the group treated with 5% PS, as was substrate reduction in all PS-treated groups. The weight of BSFL reared on food waste containing PE was lower than that of the control on day 6. PE in food waste did not affect the survival rate, but the pupation ratio increased and substrate consumption decreased with increasing PE concentrations. Regardless of the plastic type, the addition of NaCl resulted in decreased larval weight and pupation ratio. Conclusions: Larval growth of black soldier fly was inhibited not by plastics but by substrate salinity. Additional safety assessments of larvae reared on food waste containing impurities are needed to enable wider application of BSFL in vermicomposting.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.606-614
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• 2017

Amount of food waste has been increased annually in Korea and re-use of food waste as a fertilizer or soil amendment in agricultural field has been studied. Therefore, main purpose of this research was to determine optimum condition of hydrolysis for food waste management. Three different solvents, HCl, $H_2SO_4$, and KOH, were used and varied concentration at the range of 10~30% and hydrolysis time at the range of 1~3 hours were evaluated. In general, reduction rate of food waste was increased when concentration of solvent and hydrolysis time was increased except when KOH was used. Among different solvents, concentration, and hydrolysis time, the highest reduction rate (97.79%) was observed when 30% of HCl was used with temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ at 2 hours of hydrolysis time. In addition, neutralization effect of alkalic materials, shell waste (SW) and egg shell (ES) was evaluated. Both SW and ES increased pH of finished acid hydrolysis solution up to 7.61 indicating that neutralization effect of SW and ES was sufficient for finished acid hydrolysis solution. Contents of organic matter was also at the range of 10.7~13.04% and 5.53~8.04% respectively when HCl and $H_2SO_4$ were used as solvent. Overall, hydrolysis technique can be used to manage food waste with selected optimum condition in this study and characteristics of finished hydrolysis solution after neutralization might be suitable for soil amendments.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2009

Waste generation was generally expected to steadily rise due to a rapid increase in population and economic growth. However, regulations on disposable goods and a volume-based waste fee system have led to a gradual reduction in the amount of waste. In the case of food waste, separation of food waste from other waste has been put in place since direct landfilling was banned in January 2005. The predicted generation amounts of food waste and wastewater in the model city were 54 ton/d and 127.3 ton/d by year 2020, respectively. However, appropriate treatment technologies for food waste and wastewater discharged from food waste treatment processes are yet to be established. In this study, the food waste and wastewater discharged from food waste treatment process in the model city were characterized by literal and field investigation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1155-1162
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• 2002

본 연구는 초등학교 학생들의 음식 물쓰레기와 환경과의 관계에 대한 인식과 감량태도를 연구하여 음식물쓰레기로 인한 환경오염에 대한 인식을 고양시키고 학교급식에서의 음식물 쓰레기를 감량시킬 수 있는 대책과 교육자료를 개발하는 데 필요한 자료를 얻고자, 부산지역에서 급식을 실시하고 있는 5개 초등학교의 ,3학년,6학년을 대상으로 조사한 총 519부(97.9%)의 설문지를 분석하였다. 학교급식의 효과 분석에서 조사대상 학생들의 71.9%가 급식시간을 기다리며 63.8%가 편식이 교정 된 것으로 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도와 감량 태도는 3학년의 경우는 각각 3.61점, 3.73점이었고 6학년은 각각3.46점 ,3.39점으로 나타났으며 3학년이 6학년보다 유의 적으로(p<0.01)높았다 생활정도가 높은 편인 학생들이 생활정도가 보통인 학생들보다 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도와 감량태도가 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높았으며 음식물쓰레기에 대한 교육을 받은 적이 있는 학생들의 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도 및 감량태도가 교육 경험이 없는 학생들보다 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높은 것으로 나타났다. 싫어하는 음식이 급식되었을 때, 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도와 감량태도가 평균 이상인 학생이 평균이하인 학생보다 잔반이 없었고 이들 학생간에는 유의적인(p<0.01) 차이를 보였다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도가 평균이상인 학생들이 평균이하의 학생들보다 밥,국, 일품식, 양식, 채소, 고기, 생선반찬, 김치를 유의적으로(p<0.01) 더 남기지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 급식되는 음식을 남기는 가장 큰 원인은 밥, 일품식의 경우는 '양이 많아서'로 나타났고, 국 및 찌개, 양식, 반찬, 김치의 경우는 '맛이 없어서'가 주원인이었다. 조사대상 학생들은 음식물쓰레기오염(4.22점 ), 공기오염 (4.13점),하천오염(4.12점)에 대해 심각하게 생각하고 있었으나 소음오염(3.55점)과 토양오염(3.70점)은 심각하게 생각하는 정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다 5학년 학생들이 3학년 학생들보다 환경오염에 대한 인식이 높았는데 특히 전반적인 환경문제, 토양오염, 물 오염, 공기오염에서 6학년이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높은 인식 점수를 나타냈다. 생활정도에 따른 차이에서, 생활정도가 높은 편이거나 보통인 학생들이 생활정도가 낮은 편인 학생들보다 음식물쓰레기의 심각성에 대한 인식점수가 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높게 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도가 평균이상인 학생들이 평균이하의 학생들보다 공기오염, 하천오염, 음식물쓰레기오염, 소음오염 에 대한 인식이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높았다. 조사대상 학생들은 전체적으로 집에서는 '쓰레기를 분리 해서 버린다'가 72.6%, 학교나 집밖에서는 '분리해서 버린다'가 35.2%로 나타나 집보다는 학교나 집밖에서 쓰레기 분리를 잘 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도는 음식물쓰레기 감량태도, 환경 문제에 대한 인식도와 유의적인(p<0.01) 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 음식물쓰레기 감량태도도 급식음식 섭취정도와 환경문제에 대한 인식도와 유의적인(p<0.01)양의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

In this paper, the expert system to reduce the amount of food waste is proposed. The method of material flow analysis (MFA) is applied. Proper handling of waste beyond the terms of the need for proactive research been mentioned before, but actually cause the waste generator research focuses on consumer behavior and the business community to analyze the flow of materials within the study are insufficient. In this paper, the type of food consumption and food waste, look at the relationship between the occurrence of secondary schools in the diet is provided for students to examine the preferences of the target model diet expert system was reconfigured. Preference for leaving the food in the diet leads to the important information that is Each diet recipes that make up the target material flow analysis (MFA) was constructed to perform all the database. This database is currently being generated from the rain while cooking diet edible plants and materials to reflect the self-esteem following the recommended diet is used to create. Reducing food waste is actually being used currently in research knowledge to the knowledge base was constructed. Future Home Smart System was developed in conjunction with the system to the user, by providing guidelines for the utilization can be expected.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1999

Community residents are tend to evade waste treatment facilities such as waste landfills, waste incinerators. Therefore, decision-makers of waste management are concerned about the reduction and recycling of food garbage. As a treatment alternative of food garbage which consists of 30% of municipal waste, producing compost and feed stuff from food garbage is environmentally amenable. In considering the characteristics of food garbage are putrid and high moisturized, methods of landfilling and incineration for food garbage are environmentally inadequate. For the institutionalization of food garbage recycling, separate discharge, establishment of collection system, securing of market for compost and feed stuff manufactured from food garbage, and tax and financial incentives for food garbage recycling facilities are necessary.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1998

The food wastes from a refectory and an eating house were heated in domestic microwave oven(700W) equipped with a fan and the drying rates and destruction of microorganisms were investigated. The drying rate was decreased with the size of food waste and the food wastes in polypropylene basket were dried faster than that on glass dish. The rate was increased with lower initial moisture content. Death rate of microorganisms was also decreased with the size of food waste. Ninety eight percent of reduction in viable cell numbers for the 400g of food waste could be achieved in 240sec of microwave irradiation. The growth of microorganisms in food wastes after microwave irradiated was observed at $32^{\circ}C$ and 95% relative humidity after 7days and the cell numbers in microwave irradiated food wastes were found to be 1/2 ~ 1/20 of the numbers in untreated wastes in accordance with the mass and the length of exposed time to microwave. To minimize the moisture and microorganisms in food wastes, the use of microwave oven are recommended.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2014

이 연구는 발생원내에서 다양한 미생물을 이용하여 음식물쓰레기를 액상소멸하는 감량방법에 관한 것이다. 실험에 사용된 반응기는 미생물이 담지된 목질재료의 woodchip과 스폰지가 함께 사용되었고, 일정한 주기로 음식물쓰레기가 섞이게 하는 교반장치로 구성되었다. 실험기간 100일 동안 음식물쓰레기의 무게변화는 누적된 총 음식물쓰레기량 대비하여 약 99%까지 감소하였다. 잔류된 약 1%는 음식물쓰레기내에 내재된 생물유래의 난분해성 물질(cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin 등)이 축적된 결과로 생각된다. 실험기간 동안 발생된 폐수의 성상 변화로 pH는 실험 초기 약 3.3에서 24시간 후에 약 5.8로 점차 증가한 반면, 염분, COD, BOD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 농도는 점차적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기의 소멸반응이 진행됨에 따라 7종의 다양한 미생물들을 동정하였으며, 소멸반응 초기의 미생물 개체수는 약 $3.3{\times}10^4$ cell/mL이었고 15 일 후에는 약 $5.1{\times}10^6$ cell/mL로 대체로 일정한 개체수를 유지하여 소멸반응이 안정화된 것으로 생각되었다. 이들 실험 결과는 음식물쓰레기의 감량화뿐만 아니라, 미생물에 의한 유기물 분해도 동시에 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

Food waste can be a valuable carbon source in biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems because of high C/N and C/P ratios. However, food waste should be pretreated to promote its hydrolysis rate because hydrolysis reaction would be a rate-limiting step. This study investigates the influence of the enzymatic pretreatment on acid fermentation of food waste. Solubilization of particulate matter in food waste by using commercial enzymes was examined. The acidification efficiency and the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production potential of enzymatically pretreated food waste were also examined. The highest volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction was obtained with an enzyme mixture ratio of 1:2:1 of carbohydrase:protease:lipase. An optimum enzyme dosage for solubilization of food waste was $0.1\%$(V/V) with the enzyme mixture ratio of 1:2:1. In the acid fermentation of enzymatically pretreated food waste, $0.1\%$(V/V) enzyme mixture dosage for pretreatment result in the maximum VFAs production and the best VFAs fraction in soluble COD(SCOD). The VFAs production at this addition level was 3.3 times higher than that of no-enzyme added fermenter. The dominant VFAs present was n-butyrate followed by acetate.