• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2006

This study is performed to compare the dietary intakes and food sources of copper (Cu) using the database of Cu content developed in this study between the elementary schoolchildren in remote rural areas (RA, n=58, $9.9{\pm}1.7$ yrs) and those in urban area (UA, n=60, $9.4{\pm}1.8$ yrs), and to analyze the relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA. The results obtained in this study were as followings: 1) Dietary intakes of calorie, calcium and iron in the RA were in the 3/5-4/5 of the Korean RDA while the UA were similar to or more than the Korean RDA, 7th ed. except iron. 2) More than 273 kinds of food consumed by the subjects were analyzed the content of Cu and database of Cu content were developed in the present study. The mean dietary intake of Cu per day in the RA was $0.99{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($170.0{\pm}13.2%$ of the USA RDA) while it was $1.22{\pm}0.07mg/d$ ($203.4{\pm}13.1%$ of the RDA) in the UA. The percentage of dietary intakes of Cu less than 213 of the RDA was 8.6% in the RA in comparison to 0% in the UA. 3) The RA and the UA consumed more than 80% of total dietary intakes of Cu from plant foods. Thus, the RA and the UA consumed Cu from cooked rice, vegetables and fruits as a major source. However the RA had less Cu from meat and their products than did the UA (p<0.05) .4) Crab stew including crab and juice was the highest food source of Cu for the total subjects, followed by seasoned bud of aralia, cooked; beef rib meat, roasted; soybean paste soup w/mallow; and soybean paste soup w/mallow & beef. Major food source of Cu was similar for the RA and the UA such as cooked rice, vegetables and fruits. 5) Mean concentration of serum Cu in the RA was $18.1{\pm}0.7{\mu}M/L$ that was in the normal value, and all subjects in this group were in more than normal value. In the RA serum Cu concentration related positively with serum ceruloplasmin concentration, serum vitamin C concentration and EC SOD activity, respectively. However, serum Cu concentration did not relate with serum TBARS concentration in the RA. Above results showed that the RA had good status of Cu nutrition based upon dietary intake and serum concentration, however some of the RA had lower intake of Cu than the RDA. The overall children in the UA had good Cu nutrition. Therefore, the subgroup of the RA should be supported to improve their Cu nutrition, and this support could give them better antioxidant status based upon positive relationship between serum Cu concentration and serum antioxidant status in the RA.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.577-582
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• 1990

Aspergillus niger로 부터 invertase 생성의 최적조건과 생성된 효소의 특성을 조사하였다. 곰팡이는 탄소원으로 inulin과 sucrose를, 질소원으로 yeast extract를 사용했을 때 최대효소 생성을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 사용한 배지의 pH를 4.5, 배양온도를 3$0^{\circ}C$로 유지했을 때 효소생성이 높았다. 효소 활성을 위한 최적조건은 pH 5.0 및 5$0^{\circ}C$였다. 효소는 pH 6.0에서 가장 안정했으며, 또한 5$0^{\circ}C$이하에서 안정하였다. 효소는 Hg++, Ag+ 및 Cu++ 이온의 첨가에 의하여 불활성화 되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate dietary supplemental trace mineral source and deletion on mineral content in tissues. Methods: Weanling crossbred pigs (n = 144; 72 barrows and 72 gilts; body weight [BW] = $7.4{\pm}1.05kg$) were used. A basal diet was prepared, and trace mineral premix containing either inorganic (ITM) or organic (OTM) trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was added to the basal diet. Pigs were blocked by sex and BW and randomly allotted to 24 pens for a total of 6 pigs per pen, and fed a diet containing either ITM or OTM supplemented at the 1998 NRC requirement estimates for each of 5 BW phases (Phase I to V) from 7 to 120 kg. The trace mineral supplementation was deleted for 6, 4, 2, and 0 wk of Phase V; regarding nutrient adequacy during this phase, the indigenous dietary Fe and Mn was sufficient, Cu was marginal and Zn was deficient. Results: At the end of Phase IV, Mn content (mg/kg on the dry matter basis) was greater (p<0.05) in heart (0.77 vs 0.68), kidney (6.32 vs 5.87), liver (9.46 vs 8.30), and longissimus dorsi (LD; 0.30 vs 0.23) of pigs fed OTM. The pigs fed OTM were greater (p<0.05) in LD Cu (2.12 vs 1.89) and Fe (21.75 vs 19.40) and metacarpal bone Zn (141.86 vs 130.05). At the end of Phase V, increased length of deletion period (from 0 to 6 wk) resulted in a decrease (linear, p<0.01) in liver Zn (196.5 to 121.8), metacarpal bone Zn (146.6 to 86.2) and an increase (linear, p<0.01) in heart Mn (0.70 to 1.08), liver Mn (7.74 to 12.96), and kidney Mn (5.58 to 7.56). The only mineral source by deletion period interaction (p<0.05) was observed in LD Zn. Conclusion: The results demonstrated differential effects of mineral deletion on tissue mineral content depending on both mineral assessed and source of the mineral.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.880-886
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 녹즙재료로 많이 이용되고 있는 신선초, 케일, 당근, 샐러리, 오이로 각각 녹즙을 제조하고 함유되어 있는 항산화 영양성분들을 측정하였다. 그 결과 5가지 녹즙에는 항산화 영양성분인 ${\beta}-carotene$, 비타민 E, 비타민 C, Se, Ca, Mn, Zn, 페놀물질들이 함유되어 있었다. ${\beta}-carotene$의 함량은 쥬스 100 g 당 당근이 59.09 mg, 케일이 3285.3 mg, 신선초가 1398.3 mg, 샐러리가 176.7 mg 오이가 61.4 mg이었다. ${\alpha}$-토코페롤의 함량은 케일녹즙이 1.41 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고, 샐러리 녹즙에는 0.04 mg/100 g이 함유되어 있어 가장 낮게 나타났다. 케일 녹즙은 비타민 C 함량도 녹즙 100 g당 105.1 mg으로 가장 높았고 그 다음은 신선초 31.4 mg, 오이 9.3 mg, 샐러리 7.5 mg, 당근 5.2 mg 순이었다. 항산화성 무기질은 대체로 신선초에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 그 양을 보면 녹즙 100 g당 Cu가 0.4 mg, Mn 0.5mg, Zn 0.24mg이고 Se은 녹즙 kg당 0.61 mg이었다. 케일녹즙에는 100 g당 Cu 0.45 mg, Mn 0.22 mg, Zn 0.24 mg이었다. Se는 1kg 당 0.33 mg로 신선초 다음으로 많은 항산화성 무기질을 함유하고 있었다. 그러나 샐러리와 오이에 함유되어 있는 황산화성 무기질의 양은 유의적으로 낮았다. 총 페놀 물질함량은 5가지 녹즙에서 $0.01{\sim}0.05%$이었으며 케일 녹즙이 가장 많은 페놀물질을 함유하고 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1994

수질오염에 따른 Cu의 함량변화 차이를 구명하기 위하여 도시하수 및 공단배출수의 영향을 받는 만경강 유역의 논 토양을 중심으로 1982년도에 표 심토로 구분 채취한 것과 1990년도에 채취한 토양시료를, 그리고 1990년의 토양 시료채취 지역에서 재배된 수도체시료 중 Cu 함량을 분석하였다. 만경강 유역의 토양 중 Cu함량은 5.20-71.70mg $kg^{-1}$였다. 평균함량은 1990년도 토양 중의 것이 1982년도 토양에서 보다 높았다. 도시하수 유입지역으로 부터 거리 별 함량변화가 1982년보다 1990년도 토양이 보다 규칙적으로 감소되는 변화를 나타냈다. 수도체의 엽신부위의 Cu함량과 토양중의 Cu, Zn 및 Pb의 함량간에 유의성이 인정되었다. 토양 중 Cu 함량과 토양 중 Zn 및 Pb 함량간에 유의한 상관관계를 나타내고 있어서 Cu가 이들 금속들과 함께 유입되는 오염물질 임을 나타냈다. 이 지역에서 재배된 현미중 Cu함량의 범위는 0.4-10.1 mg $kg^{-1}$이었고, 수도체 부위중 최고 Cu함량은 화서축으로 현미에 비하여 2.3배 높았으며, 엽초 중의 Cu함량은 토양 중 Zn 및 Pb 함량과 상관관계를 나타냈다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2018

Rice is a staple food source in Asian countries. In paddy field, rice plant can take up toxic elements through its roots from contaminated soils, and its leaves and grain can absorb the toxic elements deposited on the soil surface. A totla of 40 soil and polished rice samples were collected around four abandoned metal mines in Korea and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in rice grain grown on the contaminated soils were 0.247, 0.174, 4.694, 0.804 and 16.78 mg/kg, respectively. These levels are higher than worldwide average concentrations. Assuming the rice consumption of 169 g/day by overall households in Korea, the estimated daily intakes from the rices were found to be 33, 48, and 63% for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively, of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) suggested by the FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The study has made theoretical system by thesis journals at home and abroad, material of the Association of Convenience Store Industry of Korea, materials of Statistics Korea and reference books. First, the study examined convenience store's brand image, cognized value, quality level, reliability upon brand, structural relation of purchasing intention, and designed models and theses. Second, the first questionnaire consisted of test items of precedent study, and inspected in advance to inspect reliability and appropriateness, and made correction and supplemented problems. Third, SPSS and AMOS statistics were used to conduct empirical analysis and to find out conclusion and implications. In this study, the subject was consumers who visited local convenience stores such as GS25, Seven Eleven and CU last 3 months to buy PB food. Consumers' consumption pattern and culture made change to be reasonable and practical owing to aging society, nuclear family, women's entering into the society, one person household consumer, and convenient and prompt buying to make different consumption pattern and to make change of commodity distribution pattern. Convenience store took action against change of the trend to expand business area by new distribution channels to get another growth source. Private brand (PB) food that was distributor's brand was expanded. The PB product has been competitiveness of food service industry.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.429-433
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• 1990

Production and properties of invertase from. Aspergillus niger were investigated. Inuli and sucrose were best carbon source and yeast extract was most suitable for the production of the enzyme among tested carbon and nitrogen sources. The enzyme was maximally produced by cultivating the organism at medium of pH 4.5 and temperature of 3$0^{\circ}C$ The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were pH 5.0 and temperature of 5$0^{\circ}C$ respectively Among tested metal ions Hg2+ Cu2+ and Ag+ ions inhibited the enzyme activity drastically.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권3호통권113호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2005

The chemical forms of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analysed by sequential extraction technique to evaluate the effects of drying and heating of dredged sediments from Lake Chungcho. The most abundant fraction of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the wet and untreated sediment was organic/sulfidic fraction that is state in reducing environment such as the bottom condition of Lake Chungcho, while Pb dominated in residual fraction. This means that the source of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the Chungcho lake sediment is related to the organic degradation and Pb to the erosion from surrounding rocks. With drying and oxidation by dredging, heating treatment, and disposal of the lake sediment, the chemical forms of studied metals changed greatly from organic/sulfidic fraction to adsorbed and reducible fractions which are more labile in oxygenated environment. Organic/sulfidic fraction of Cd, Cu and Pb in the wet sediment was transformed with drying and heating treatments to the labile ones like adsorbed and reducible fraction, but Zn to carbonate and reducible fraction. Heating of the sediment at $320^{\circ}C$ greatly increased the labile fraction of Cd and Cu, while that at $105^{\circ}C$ for Pb and Zn. It is believed that the increase in labile forms of heavy metals in the sediments by drying and heating is caused by the contact with oxygen during drying and heating and by the increase of pH of the pore water at the expense of organic/sulfidic fraction. It is concluded that the drying and oxidation currently used in the treatment of dredged sediment can increase labile forms of heavy metals in the sediment, and the potential of the metal availability from the sediment.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1999

The characcteristics of anthocyanin pigments from crab apple (Malus prunifolia Wild. Borkh. "red fruit") by ethanol extract were investigated at various condition of light temperature sugar, organic acid me-tal ion and pH. The pigments were stable(over the 60%) on the light irradiation throughout 20 days sto-rage period at room temperature and in the pesenc of Al-foil red blue green and yellow cover were rage period at room temperature and in the pesence of Al-foil red blue green and yellow cover were very stable. The pigments also showed high thermal stbility(over the 67% at 115$^{\circ}C$ 10min) at pH2.5 respectively. The pigments with added organic acid greatly increased thickness of red color. The pig-ments with added metal ions at pH 2.5 such as Na+ K+, Mg2+ Ca2+ and Mn2+ were stable throughout 20 days storage period at $25^{\circ}C$. But Cu2+ addition showed the rapidly degradation of the pigments and Al3+ addition induced the color conversion from red to redish violet. The thickness of the red color of anthocyanin pigments increased increased as the pH decreased. These results indicated that crab apple antho-cyanin pigments might be potental source of natural food colorant. colorant.