• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2003

This study examined the effectiveness of two commonly used dietary assessment methods (the 24-hour recall and the food frequency questionnaire) in the epidemiological investigations of health-related habits and degenerative diseases. This cross sectional project in the Seoul area was conducted for the purpose of establishing cohort subjects and collecting reliable nutrient intake data for a further large-scale cross sectional study. The subjects were 91 volunteers from the Seoul area with a mean age of 53.5 \pm 9.6 for the males and 52.2 \pm 8.9 for the females. The subjects had a relatively high educational background, were from high socioeconomic levels, and were greatly concerned about healthrelated life styles. There was a significantly negative correlation between their smoking and their nutrient intake. Their drinking habits, their self-estimated health status and their concern or stress about being healthy did not have any influence on their nutrient intakes. Skipping meals was the most undesirable dietary habit influencing their nutrient intakes, and the next was their irregularity of eating meals. The subjects who liked legumes and fish had higher intakes of iron and niacin and those who liked milk and dairy products had higher intakes of calcium, vitamin \B_2 and fat. The subjects who considered themselves not to be healthy consumed higher amounts of fish and shell-fish, and those who considered themselves to be healthy consumed higher amounts of vegetables. The smokers consumed less fruits than non-smokers, but there was no correlation between their drinking and consumption of the food groups. There was no correlation between their food consumption frequency and their skipping meals or meal irregularity. There were positive correlations between their food likes and food consumption frequency for foods such as meat, milk and dairy products, seaweeds and fruits. Therefore, their smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity appeared to greatly influence their nutrient intakes. Significant correlations were found between their health-related habits and their food group preferences and food frequencies. This implies that simple surveying methods using criteria such as smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity, food group preferences and eating frequencies can be used as useful tools in the assessment of nutritional statuses.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.162-178
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• 2021

The study examined the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits of middle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The survey was conducted on 670 individuals (320 men and, 350 women), aged 40~64 years, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The online and written data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Although there was a significant difference in the perceived health status (P < 0.01), there were no significant differences in the subjective stress and the current disease status according to sex. For dietary habits, the scores for fruit intake (P < 0.05), meat and fish intake (P < 0.05), milk and dairy products intake (P < 0.01), and seaweed intake (P < 0.05) were higher in women than men. The scores for three-meal eating (P < 0.05) and water intake (P < 0.01) were higher in men than women. For the health-related habits, alcohol-drinking frequency, daily alcohol consumption, smoking experience, and daily smoking were higher in men than women (P < 0.001). In contrast, caffeinated beverage intake, exercise frequency, and daily smart-phone, computer, and TV using time were similar in both sexes. The meal-eating time was faster in men than women (P < 0.01). For dietary behavior changes, only appetite showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). This study provides essential information on the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits in middle-aged men and women. Nevertheless, further research and a practical nutrition program will be needed to solve undesirable dietary habits and improve the health and lifestyle of middle-aged adults according to sex.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1989

To examine closely the relations between food habits, food preferences and personality traits, 141 boys and 146 girls in the 5th and the 6th grade of primary school in Incheon were studied by questionaires. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In food habit scores, girls got 2.28/3.00 and boys got 2.24/3.00 which meant boys and girls had the similar food habits. 2. The higher were their activity, sociability, responsibility, reflectiveness, and superiority, the higher score they showed in food habits. 3. Meats, fats and processed foods had much to do with emotional stability, and those who belonged to high group in emotional stability high preference for them. But girls who had high preference for meats were low in emotional stability. 4. Fishes of which bones we can eat, and potatoes had relation to activity, and those who belonged to high group in activity showed high preference for them. 5. Vegetables and processed foods had relation to sociability. Those who belonged to high group in sociability showed high preference for vegetables, but those who belonged to middle group in sociability showed highest preference for processed foods. 6. Meats and potatoes had much to do with responsibility. Those who belonged to low group in responsibility showed high preference for them. 7. Those who belonged to the high group in emotional stability, and superiority showed the high preferene for foods respectively, and superiority showed the high preference for foods respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2011

Information regarding the status of lunch box service for children and juveniles from nutritionally vulnerable families is limited and has not been assessed from the view of beneficiaries. Therefore, this study intended to determine the satisfaction, current status, menu preferences, and dietary habits of recipients served lunch-box meals from Pocheon city. There were 41 subjects from primary schools and 73 from secondary schools. Although 94.8% answered that the foods were generally helpful, as much as 28.9% replied that the amount of food provided was too little. Only 77.2% answered that they eat the foods always or usually, 29.5% answered that they throw away leftover foods, and only 71.9% recycled empty containers, suggesting the need for instruction regarding how to deal with leftover foods and containers. Food preferences were high for deep-fried foods and meats and low for fish and vegetables, and that for vegetable egg rolls was relatively high, suggesting the need to increase vegetable intake. Adherences to guidelines regarding street foods was the lowest in both elementary and secondary school students, suggesting that the contents of nutrition education for these students should include materials to improve dietary habits, along with increasing the consumption of milk.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate dietary status, food habits, and nutritional knowledge of university students majoring in judo (n=239) and to evaluate the effect of dietary behavior on their athletic activities. Mean daily dietary intakes (3,854.0 kcal) were similar to mean daily energy consumptions (3,975.5 kcal). Average daily intakes of most vitamins and minerals were higher than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances except for the intake of vitamin A. Self-confidence on judo affected dietary behavior of the subjects: Subjects who had more self-confidence on judo showed more interest in good nutrition and concerned more about foods which could promote their athletic activities. Many side effects were manifested after sudden weight control for judo competition during school days. Therefore, it is suggested that good education on nutrition is necessary not only for athletic students, but also for coaches and trainers of the students. Ten weeks of education on nutrition significantly improved both food habits and nutritional knowledge of the subjects. Food habits were positively correlated with self-confidence on judo. Therefore, it is suggested that improvement of food habits through good education on nutrition would be helpful to improve athletic activities of the students.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.596-605
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting gone density of university students in Seoul area. Data for food habits, exercise and health-related behaviors were obtained by self administered questionnaires. BQI(bone quality index) of the subjects was measured by an Quantitative Ultrasound(QUS). The results are summarized as follows: The average hight, weight BMI and osteopenia percentage of the male and female student were 173.3cm, 68.6kg, 22.7 and 24.2%; 161.4cm, 54.4kg, 20.9 and 55.5%, respectively. The BQI and Z-score of the subjects were 99.6, -0.3 in male student group, and 82.7, -1.1 in female student group, respectively. Height, weight, fat weight, fat mass and BMI were positively related with BQI in female group. BQI was positively affected by breakfast and frequence exercise in male student group. In female student group, frequency exercise was positively related with BQI. The result of this study revealed that the desirable food habits, dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles may have a beneficial effect on bone density. They should have practically and systematically organized nutritional education on optimum body weight, good eating habits, weight bearing exercise for higher bone density level.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, there has been an increased interest in the importance of family meals on children's health and nutrition. This study aims to examine if the eating habits and eating behaviors of children are different according to the frequency of family dinners. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were third-grade students from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. The survey questionnaire was composed of items that examined the general characteristics, family meals, eating habits, eating behaviors, and environmental influence on children's eating. The subjects responded to a self-reported questionnaire. Excluding the incomplete responses, the data (n = 3,435) were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test or t-test. RESULTS: The group that had more frequent family dinners (${\geq}$ 5 days/week, 63.4%), compared to those that had less (${\leq}$ 4 days/week, 36.6%), showed better eating habits, such as eating meals regularly, performing desirable behaviors during meals, having breakfast frequently, having breakfast with family members (P < 0.001), and not eating only what he or she likes (P < 0.05). Those who had more frequent family dinners also consumed healthy foods with more frequency, including protein foods, dairy products, grains, vegetables, seaweeds (P < 0.001), and fruits (P < 0.01). However, unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., eating fatty foods, salty foods, sweets, etc.) were not significantly different by the frequency of family dinners. CONCLUSIONS: Having dinner frequently with family members was associated with more desirable eating habits and with healthy eating behaviors in young children. Thus nutrition education might be planned to promote family dinners, by emphasizing the benefits of having family meals on children's health and nutrition and making more opportunities for family meals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.963-968
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• 2012

This descriptive study was made to evaluate the dietary habits contributing to cancer prevention of 319 health college students. Data collection form included questions about demographic characteristics and 33 statements which evaluate dietary habits contributing to cancer prevention. Among the students, 56.1% consumed fast food outside the home/dormitory twice a week or more and 47% never exercised. Moreover, 63.9% of the students reported that their dietary habits changed negatively and 69% stated that their fruit and vegetable consumption decreased after starting the health college. The students mostly paid attention to preserving food and water consumption while they paid least attention to maintaining healthy weight and whole grain consumption. Female students, those who paid attention to the amount and calorie of the food they consumed, students who did not consume fast food, and students who exercised twice a week or three times a week had better dietary habits contributing to cancer prevention (p<0.05). According to these results we recommend that interventions which will reduce fast food consumption and increase fruit and vegetable consumption and exercising in university students should be implemented. For this purpose, appropriate conditions for preparing and preserving healthy food should be provided as well as increasing the frequency of vegetable containing meals and providing fruits and salads in every meal at school cafeterias.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

We compared the dietary behaviors and living habits of Han Children living in both China and Korea to find any influences from the different living environments. Three hundred $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ -grade children in China and two hundred thirty three $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ -grade children in a Chinese school in Korea were surveyed via questionnaire. Mean BMI was higher and sleeping hours were lower in the children living in Korea compared to the children living in China. Mean age and education level of the parents were higher in the children living in Korea. Most of the dietary behaviors discovered via the questionnaire showed similar tendencies in the two groups. However, in terms of skipping breakfast, deviating in food habits, snacking before sleeping, and snacking right after eating a meal, the children living in Korea showed significantly higher frequencies. Also, children living in Korea showed significantly lower frequencies of overeating, snacking while watching TV or using the computer, and eating food when stressed, than children living in China. In living habits, children living in Korea do less regular exercise and use buses or cars more frequently for short distance transportation and spend more time to watch TV or computer than the children living in China. Therefore, it seems that different living environments may somewhat influence the dietary behaviors and living habits of children even if they have the same ethnic background.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.286-295
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between household economic changes by COVID-19 and dietary habits in Korean adolescents. The study analyzed data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2021. A total of 54,848 middle and high school students, 28,401 males and 26,447 females, participated in this study. COVID-19 lead to deterioration of household economy in the lower level of household economic status (p<0.001). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits such as lower breakfast intake, and higher fast food, soda drinks, and sweet drinks consumption (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that deterioration of household economic status was significantly decreased in frequency of breakfast intake (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67~0.80). The deterioration of household economic status by COVID-19 was also significantly associated with increased frequency of fast food (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16~1.41), soda drinks (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.30~1.56) and sweet drinks (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.24~1.46) consumption (p<0.001). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the change in household economy caused by COVID-19 was associated with dietary habits in adolescents. As the household economy deteriorated, there was an increase in undesirable dietary habits including skipping breakfast and fast food consumption.