• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 1993

Hand dibbling in rows produced higher (p < 0.05) fresh and dry matter (DM), fodder yield, higher plant density and cob yield than broadcasted. However, the varying seed rates (40, 50 and 55 kg/ha) did not affect (p < 0.05) the fresh and DM yield and cob yield except for 30 kg/ha seed rate which produced the lowest (p < 0.01). However, the overall average fresh fodder yield and the fresh and DM yield of cob were 24.97, 10.04 and 6.90 t/ha respectively. The overall average plant height (cm), cob/plant (nos.) plant/ha, (nos.) cob/ha (nos.) and weight (g) of one cob were 178, 1.11, 664141, 70104 and 145 respectively for both the sowing methods and the four seed rates. Crude protein contents of maize plant and cob by-products (8.12% and 7.34% respectively) indicated promising cattle feeds along with human food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1592-1598
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• 2008

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of cattle slurry on maize fodder (Zea mays) production. Maize fodder was produced at 4 cattle slurry levels $T_0$ (0 ton/ha), $T_1$ (10 ton/ha), $T_2$ (12 ton/ha) and $T_3$ (14 ton/ha) in a randomized block design. Agronomic characteristics, plant heights, circumference of stems, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter yield of maize fodder were measured. Maize plant height and stem circumference were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the increasing rate of cattle slurry at 15, 30, 45 and 56 days after sowing. Number of leaves of fodder plants was not significant but leaf area was significant (p<0.05) among the treatment groups. The highest biomass yield (p<0.01) of maize fodder was observed in $T_2$ (44.0 ton/ha). For crude protein content, a significant difference (p<0.01) was observed in the treatment groups and the highest value was observed in $T_2$ (11.99%). Organic matter content of maize fodder showed a significant difference but ash, ADF and NDF contents showed no significant differences among treatment groups. From this study it may be concluded that the application of 12 tons of cattle slurry/ha was optimal for production of biomass and nutrient content of maize fodder.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 1995

This experiment was canied out to investigate the effect of seeding times on the fresh yield of fodder beet varieties, and to select the most adaptable varieties of fodder beet in Daekwanryeong areas. Three varieties(Kyros, Zorba and Hugin) and six seeding times(25 July, 4 Aug. and 14 Aug. in 1993. and 30 Apr., 10 May and 20 May in 1994) were combined in the experiment. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The seeding time for the highest fresh yield of fodder beet was obtained as 18.29 tonha on 25 July in 1993. Of various varieties, the highest fresh yields were 22.59 ton and 18.89 tonlha for Kyros and Zorba on 25 July, and 19.15 tonha for Hugin on 4 Aug. in 1993. 2. The fresh yield of fodder beet were 20.30 ton, 19.41 ton and 16.93 tonlha on 30 Apr., 10 May and 20 May in 1994, respectively. The highest fresh yield of the varieties were 77.78 ton for Kyms on 20 May, 19.79 ton for Zorba on 30 Apr., and 20.63 tonha for Hugin on 10 May in 1994. 3. Shoot and root(S/R) ratio was different between seedling times. S/R ratio of the varieties were increased in 1993 due to the delayed seeding times, but on the contrary it tended to decrease in 1994 with the delayed seeding times. 4. Shoot and root(S/R) ratios of varieties were 0.94, 0.89 and 1.18 for Kyros, Zorba and Hugin in 1993, and 1.29 for Kyms, and 1.85 for Zorba and Hugin in 1994, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.475-478
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of berseem and lucerne silage as a replacement for conventional fodder (berseem fodder) in lactating Nili buffaloes. Fifteen early lactating multi-parous Nili buffaloes, five buffaloes in each group were allotted three experimental diets. Berseem and lucerne fodders were ensiled at 30% DM (wheat straw was used to adjust the DM of fodders) with molasses (at the rate of 2% of fodder DM) in two bunker silos for 30 days. The diets contained 75% DM from berseem fodder (BF), 75% DM from berseem silage (BS) and 75% DM from lucerne silage (LS). Each diet contained 25% concentrate DM. Diets were mixed daily and fed twice a day at ad libitum intakes. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher (13.8 kg/d) in buffaloes fed BF diet than those fed LS (12.5 kg/d) and BS (11.9 kg/day) diets. The differences in digestible DMI and DMI as percent body weight were significant between fodder and silage based diets but non-significant when BS and LS were compared. Lower DMI with silage-based diets was probably because of low silage pH. Intake of NDF (NDFI) was higher (5.68 kg/d) in buffaloes fed BF diet followed by those fed LS (5.50 kg/d) and BS (5.00 kg/d) diets. The difference was significant (p<0.05) across fodder and silage based diets but NDFI was non-significant across both silage-based diets. The apparent DM digestibility was significantly different (p<0.05) between fodder and silage-based diets but was non-significant between LS and BS diets. Four percent fat corrected milk yield was significantly different (p<0.05) between fodder and silage-based diets but was non-significant between LS and BS diets. Higher milk yield with fodder based diet was because of more digestible nutrient intake (Table 3) compared with silage based diets. Milk CP, TP and NPN and SNF did not show any treatment effects. The present results indicated that the berseem and lucerne fodder ensiled at 30% DM level with 2% molasses could safely replace (75% DM) the conventional leguminous fodder in the diets of lactating Nili buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 1995

The field experiment was carried out to study the growth and fodder yield of the Gliricidia sepium provenances in fence system in dryland farming area in Bali, Indonesia for 24 months. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized block arrangement, consisted of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) and 12 blocks with 10 plants per provenance. Of the 16 gliricidia provenances, six were from Mexico (M), four were from Guatemala (G), and one each was from Colombia (C), Indonesia (I), Nicaragna (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 40 weeks establishment the gliricidia were lopped regularly 4 times a year, twice during the four month wet season and twice during the eight month dry season at 150 cm height. There were variations (p < 0.05) in stem elongation from 10 to 121 cm, leaf retained from 48 to 105%, leaf shedding from 53 to 86%, branch number from 4 to 7, fodder yield from 281 to 648 g DW/plant, and wood yield from 53 to 179 g DW/plant; and such variations were affected by the seasons. Retalhuleu provenance of Guatemala (G14), Belen provenance of Nicaragua (N14) and Bukit Bali provenance of Indonesia (I) were ranked first, second and third, respectively, measured in terms of stem elongation, leaf retention, fodder and wood yields during the wet and dry seasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 1997

A field experiment was carried out on a dryland farming area of southern Bali for 92 weeks, to study the growth and fodder yield of 16 provenances of Gliricidia sepium in guardrow system. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks of 16 treatments (Gliricidia sepium provenances) replicated 3 times, with 6 plants per provenance. Six provenances were from Mexico (M), four from Guatemala (G), and one each from Colombia (C), indonesia (I), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Costa Rica (R) and Venezuela (V). After 40 weeks establishment the gliricidia were lopped 4 times a year at 150 cm height, at 2 months intervals during the 4 month wet season and 4 month intervals during the 8 month dry season. Stem elongation varied from 21 to 81 cm, leaf retention from 39 to 240%, branch number from 12 to 35, fodder yield from 1,090 to 3,153 g DW/plant. and wood yield from 743 to 2,750 g DW/plant. Pontezuelo provenance of Colombia (C24), Belen provenance of Nicaragua (N14) and Retalhuleu provenance of Guatemala (G14) were ranked first, second and third, respectively, for stem elongation, leaf retention, fodder and wood yields, during the wet and dry seasons.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.338-342
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• 1996

Fodder rye(cv. Coolgrazer) was cultivated on paddy soils under different application rates of animal manures (CM=cow manures mixed with sawdust, SM=swine manure mixed with sawdust) during 1994-1995. Rice crop (CV. Geumo) was transplanted in the same plots after fodder rye. The effects of cattle manure application on the yield performance of rye and their influence to growth, yields and quality of rice were evaluated. Fodder rye produced larger plant growth and higher silage yield in the cattle manure application than in the chemical feltilizer (CF). Dry matter yields of rye silage were 3.08 ton(CF), 4.23 ton(CM) and 6.03 ton/ha(SM), respedively. Under heavy application of cattle manures plant height, number of tillers and grains per panicle were increased, but 1,000 grains weight and total yields of rice were decreased. Yields of brown rice were 5.20 ton(CF), 5.15 ton (CM) and 4.95 ton/ha(SM), respectively. Higher concentration of amylose was found in the heavy application of cattle manures. Amylose contents of rice were 16.8%(CF), 19.1%(CM) and 19.4%(SM).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2003

Samples of eleven brown midrib (ICSU 96031, ICSU 93046, ICSU 96082, ICSU 96078, ICSU 96075, ICSU 95101, ICSU 96034, ICSU 96063, ICSU 45116, ICSA 93-3 and ICSA 3845 X 3816) and nine white midrib genotypes (ICSU 96050, ICSU 96030, ISU 95082, SSG 59-3, FSHI 93-1, FSHI 2219A X 3211, HC 171, ICSA 93-2 and ICSA 93-1) based on their phenotypic appearance were collected at 50 per cent flowering from the sorghum germplasm grown at Research farm of IGFRI, Jhansi. These genotypes were evaluated with respect to crude protein, fiber composition, in-sacco dry matter, OM, cell wall components disappearance/digestibility besides the fodder yield, total phenolic and availability index values. Brown midrib genotypes were lower (p<0.05) in NDF, ADF, cellulose and acid detergent lignin concentration than white midrib genotypes. Mean NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin contents were 69.4, 42.1, 35.4 and 5.7% in brown mid rib vis-a vis 75.8, 47.5, 39.6 and 7.3% in white mid rib genotypes. Nonsignificant (p>0.05) differences were observed in dry matter, crude protein and organic matter contents between brown midrib and white midrib genotypes. Phenolic contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in browm mid rib (0.2) than white mid rib (0.3%) sorghum. Brown midrib genotypes exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher in-sacco DM, OM and CP disappearance than normal (white midrib) genotypes. The mean degradability of DM, OM and CP was 64.1, 62.6 and 79.6% in brown mid rib and 53.1, 54.0 and 76.6% in white mid rib genotypes, respectively. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between genotypes in extent of fiber fraction degradability though in-sacco NDF and ADF degradability was more by 5 and 4 units, respectively in brown midrib genotypes vis-a-vis white midrib genotypes. Average fodder yield (green and dry g/plant) and availability index (%) values were significantly (p<0.05) higher for brown midrib (474.2, 129.8 and 80.4) genotypes than white midrib (375.0, 104.8 and 69.2) genotypes. Lignin contents had significant negative correlation with DM, OM, NDF and ADF degradability. The results of the study revealed that brown midrib genotypes are superior not only with regard to chemical entities and disappearance of DM and fiber fractions but also better in respect of fodder yield and availability index values. Thus, brown midrib sorghum strains may be useful in increasing digestibility, intake, feed efficiency and animal performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.523-528
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of jambo grass (Sorghum $bicolour{\times}Sorghum$ sudanefe) silage and mott grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silage as a replacement of conventional fodder (jambo grass) in the diet of lactating Nili buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Thirty early-lactating ($45{\pm}4$ days), multi-parous Nili buffaloes, ten in each group, were allotted to three experimental diets. Jambo grass and mott grass were ensiled with molasses (at 2% of fodder DM) in two trench silos for 30 days. The control diet (JG) contained 75% jambo grass while the other two diets contained 75% jambo grass silage (JGS) and 75% mott grass silage (MGS). The remaining 25% DM in each diet was supplied by concentrates. Diets were mixed daily and fed twice a day ad libitum for 120 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher with the JG diet compared with JGS and MGS diets. However, DMI as % body weight did not differ significantly in buffaloes fed either fodder or silage based diets. Crude protein (CP), digestible CP and NDF intakes were significantly higher on JG compared with silage-based diets. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, CP and NDF were similar in buffaloes fed JG, JGS and MGS diets. Milk yield (4% FCM) was similar in buffaloes fed JG and silage based diets. Fat, total solids, solid not fat, CP, true protein and non-protein nitrogen content of milk were similar in buffaloes fed fodder or silage based diets. The present results indicated that jambo grass and mott grass ensiled with 2% molasses for 30 days could safely replace the conventional fresh grass fodder (75% DM) in the diet of lactating Nili buffaloes without affecting their milk yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 1991

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea) has been detected as the best fodder crop in Korea for earlier and/or later season crop. The objective of the study was to examine varieal differences among the varieties introduced from ICRISAT and cultivated in Korea for salt tolerance and green fodder and grain yield under the saline and normal upland soil conditions, IEC 514, IEC 515, IEC 518 and IEC 528 introduced from ICRISAT were relatively highly tolerant to saline soil and with higher green fodder and grain yields, and also were very earlier headed and matured as compared with the Korean local varieties and King.