• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

본 연구는 시설원예단지의 경관개선점을 찾아보고 친환경적 조성방법과 생태계 서비스 기능이 최소화로 저감될 수 있는 방안제시를 목표로 했다. 연구결과 대부분의 평가요소에서 네덜란드, 일본 경관은 긍정적인 결과였으나 우리나라 경관은 다소 부정적으로 분석되어 비닐하우스는 일본을 유리온실은 네덜란드 경관으로 개선방향을 설정 할 것을 제안하였다. 따라서 미래세대에 지속가능한 농업경관을 제공하기 위한 방안으로 생태계서비스 기능 중 경관창출을 고려한 친환경 온실단지 조성을 제안을 제안하였으며, 앞으로 추진될 대규모 간척지 개발 사업에도 본 연구가 활용되길 기대하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.574-580
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 Single Board 컴퓨터와 V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure) 구조를 통해 다중 차량을 군집으로 제어하는 시스템을 소개한다. 그리고 이 시스템에서 핵심이 되는 중계기의 회피 기동 판단 알고리즘을 소개한다. 중계기는 이 알고리즘을 통해 차량으로부터 받는 센서 데이터를 활용하여 차선 위에 장애물이 있는지를 파악하고, 회피 기동 필요 여부를 판단한다. 해당 시스템의 성능 실험은 차선 위에 장애물이 있는 상황에서 Wi-Fi를 통한 다중 차량과 중계기 서버 간에 TCP/IP로 회피 기동 판단을 위한 주행 데이터를 전송하고 차량들의 주행 상태를 관찰하는 방식으로 진행하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) 주파수 간섭이 있는 상황에서 초기에 구현했던 회피 기동 판단 알고리즘이 높은 실패 확률을 가지고 있다는 것을 알게 되었고, 그것을 줄이기 위한 방법을 연구하게 되었다. 연구 결과 회피 기동 판단 알고리즘에 데이터 변화 감지기를 적용하는 방식으로 해결방법을 찾게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 ISM 주파수 간섭 상황에서 개선 사항인 데이터 변화 감지기 적용이 시스템의 신뢰도에 주는 영향을 보여주고자 한다. 본 기술을 적용하고 개선한다면, 차량 간 통신 또는 차량과 인프라 간의 통신을 통해 다중 충돌 사고와 같은 위기 상황에 대해 더욱 효과적으로 대응할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 무인 운전 기술에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 추후 유사 시스템 구현에 대해 선행 연구 자료로서 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.717-729
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• 1999

Although many studies on the cytotoxicity of the dental cast base metal alloys and their components have been carried out, the results are rather conflicting because of the different type of cells used and the various experimental procedures taken. Recently a number of scientists have claimed that it would be preferable to focus on the use of cells from relevant specific location of the human bodies. Consequently, the primary cultured oral keratinocyte derived from oral mucous along with nickel chloride and several of widely used dental cast base metal alloys(two Ni-Cr alloys and one Co-Cr alloy)in domestic were selected for this study, from which 1) The amounts of released metal ions were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, 2) The cytotoxicity of nickel chloride and dental cast base metal alloys was evaluated via MTT assay, and finally, 3) The amounts of released metal ions and the cytotoxicity of nickel chloride were correlated with the cytotoxicity of dental cast base metal alloys And, the results were summarized as follows; 1. Nickel ion from Ni-Cr alloys and Cobalt ion from Co-Cr alloys resulted in maximum releasing rate during first 2h hours, followed by a decrease in releasing rate with time. Chromium ion were found to be minimal in all alloys. 2. In cytotoxic test. with $40{\mu}M,\;80{\mu}M$ of nickel chloride, there were observed an increase in the relative cell number compared to control samples after 24 hours. With $160{\mu}M$, there was found to be no difference in the relative cell number with control, except that 48 hour showed a increase in relative cell number. With $320{\mu}M$, the relative cell number remained constant and decreased after 48 hours, and with $640{\mu}M$, a continuing decrease in relative cell number was observed throughout test period. 3 The sensitivity of primary cultured oral epithelium to nickel was lower compared to the cells used in other studies. 4. CB-80 Soft and Regalloy showed no cytotoxicity to primary cultured oral epithelium and New crown resulted in a slight cytotoxicity. In conclusion, it was shown that the primary cultured oral keratinocytes could be applied successfully as testing cells in cytotoxicity test. Futhermore, the dental cast base metal alloys used in this study were found to be biocompatible.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

피부과용 레이저 파장은 아주 얇은층의 조직두께에서 물의 흡수가 거의 90%이상 일어나는데 병소의 표피나 조직은 거의 물로 구성되어 흡수로 인해 증발효과를 가질 수가 있다. 표피를 절개, 층별로 증발 시킬 수 있으며 조직의 정확한 절개가 가능하다. 혈관이나 림프시스템에도 봉합수술이 가능하고 수술부위가 건조하고 눈으로 볼수 있고 무출혈 수술이 가능하다. 특히, 펄스에 대한 튜브양단 출력의 안정이 매우 중요함으로, 본 연구에서는 고주파 방식의 전력변환 장치를 사용하여 부피를 줄이고 의료용 레이저의 전류파형을 쉽게 제어할 수 있어 다양한 치료 효과를 낼 수 있다. ZVS(Zero Voltage Switching)나 ZVZCS(Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching)를 도입하면 스위칭 손실을 줄일 수 있어 더욱 유리하다. 제안된 의료용 레이저의 전력부에는 1차측 도움에 의한 ZVZCS기법을 도입하여 넓은 부하 범위에서 안정된 soft-switching을 할 수가 있고 제어부는 microcontroller를 구성하여 출력전류 파형을 사용자가 임의의 형태를 갖도록 하였다. 설계 및 제작하여 실험한 결과, 기존장비에 비해 20%의 향상된 결과를 가져왔고, 추후 시스템적으로 보완을 하면 우수한 결과가 될 것으로 사려된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.6.1-6.4
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• 2014

The aims of study were to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of ghrelin on pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase outputs and the responses of pancreatic proteins to ghrelin that may relate to the pancreatic exocrine. Six male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) were randomly divided into two groups, a control group (C, n = 3) and a treatment group (T, $10.0{\mu}g/kg$ BW, n = 3). Blood samples were collected from rat caudal vein once time after one hour injection. The concentrations of plasma ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and alfa-amylase activity were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis was conducted to separate the proteins in pancreas tissue. Results showed that the i.p. infusion of ghrelin at doses of $10.0{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW) increased the plasma ghrelin concentrations (p = 0.07) and elevated the plasma CCK level significantly (p < 0.05). Although there was no statistically significant, the ${\alpha}$-amylase activity tended to increase. The proteomics analysis indicated that some pancreatic proteins with various functions were up- or down-regulated compared with control group. In conclusion, ghrelin may have role in the pancreatic exocrine, but the signaling pathway was still not clear. Therefore, much more functional studies focus on these found proteins are needed in the near future.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

최근 골재 수급불균형 문제 및 천연자원 고갈에 관한 사회적 관심이 집중되는 가운데, 종래 철강공정에서 부산물로 발생하는 슬래그 중 전기로 산화슬래그는 그 물리적 특성이 일반 골재와 유사한 특성이 있어 콘크리트용 골재로서 활용가능성이 높게 평가되나 슬래그 중 함유되어 있는 free-CaO에 의한 표면결함을 야기하는 문제를 내재하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 전기로 산화슬래그 골재의 화학적 안정성 확보 방안을 도출하고 이를 통해 안정화된 슬래그 골재를 용도별 콘크리트용 잔골재로 활용하여 콘크리트의 역학적 성능 및 내구성능을 실험적으로 평가함으로서 최종적으로 전기로 산화슬래그 잔골재의 활용방안을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구결과, 전기로 산화슬래그의 골재입경 조정, 소정 기간 동안의 자연 에이징 처리에 의해 팝아웃 등의 표면결함을 대폭 저감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 콘크리트 용도별 대체율에 따른 역학적 성능 및 내구성능은 일반 골재와 비교하여 동등 또는 동등 이상의 성능을 발현하는 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 전기로 산화슬래그 잔골재 활용시에는 콘크리트의 미관저해 현상이 나타나지 않도록 충분한 사전 에이징 또는, 가공처리 등 안정성 확보를 위한 품질관리가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 철강부산물의 친환경적인 자원순환 시스템을 확립하기 위해서는 전기로 산화슬래그 골재에 대한 품질관리방안 확립과 더불어 다양한 용도개발이 이루어져야 하며 각종 공학적 특성 및 내구성에 관한 지속적인 연구개발이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.183-184
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• 2013

Two main MBE growth techniques have been used: plasma-assisted MBE (PA-MBE), which utilizes a rf plasma to supply active nitrogen, and ammonia MBE, in which nitrogen is supplied by pyrolysis of NH3 on the sample surface during growth. PA-MBE is typically performed under metal-rich growth conditions, which results in the formation of gallium droplets on the sample surface and a narrow range of conditions for optimal growth. In contrast, high-quality GaN films can be grown by ammonia MBE under an excess nitrogen flux, which in principle should result in improved device uniformity due to the elimination of droplets and wider range of stable growth conditions. A drawback of ammonia MBE, on the other hand, is a serious memory effect of NH3 condensed on the cryo-panels and the vicinity of heaters, which ruins the control of critical growth stages, i.e. the native oxide desorption and the surface reconstruction, and the accurate control of V/III ratio, especially in the initial stage of seed layer growth. In this paper, we demonstrate that the reliable and reproducible growth of GaN on Si (110) substrates is successfully achieved by combining two MBE growth technologies using rf plasma and ammonia and setting a proper growth protocol. Samples were grown in a MBE system equipped with both a nitrogen rf plasma source (SVT) and an ammonia source. The ammonia gas purity was ＞99.9999% and further purified by using a getter filter. The custom-made injector designed to focus the ammonia flux onto the substrate was used for the gas delivery, while aluminum and gallium were provided via conventional effusion cells. The growth sequence to minimize the residual ammonia and subsequent memory effects is the following: (1) Native oxides are desorbed at $750^{\circ}C$ (Fig. (a) for [$1^-10$] and [001] azimuth) (2) 40 nm thick AlN is first grown using nitrogen rf plasma source at $900^{\circ}C$ nder the optimized condition to maintain the layer by layer growth of AlN buffer layer and slightly Al-rich condition. (Fig. (b)) (3) After switching to ammonia source, GaN growth is initiated with different V/III ratio and temperature conditions. A streaky RHEED pattern with an appearance of a weak ($2{\times}2$) reconstruction characteristic of Ga-polarity is observed all along the growth of subsequent GaN layer under optimized conditions. (Fig. (c)) The structural properties as well as dislocation densities as a function of growth conditions have been investigated using symmetrical and asymmetrical x-ray rocking curves. The electrical characteristics as a function of buffer and GaN layer growth conditions as well as the growth sequence will be also discussed. Figure: (a) RHEED pattern after oxide desorption (b) after 40 nm thick AlN growth using nitrogen rf plasma source and (c) after 600 nm thick GaN growth using ammonia source for (upper) [110] and (lower) [001] azimuth.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.749-760
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• 2016

본 연구는 유아의 인성발달 증진과 노인소외현상 감소를 위한 교육적 사회복지적 방안을 제시하고자 예비보육교사의 경로행동에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위한 연구 대상자로는 G시와 J도에 소재하는 4개 대학교의 보육교사과정 이수자인 여학생 176명이다. 연구 도구로 사용된 예비보육교사의 경로행동 측정 도구로는 계획된 행동이론을 근거하여 새롭게 변형한 모형에 맞춰 구성된 선행연구[1][2]에서 사용한 척도를 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 연구설계 내용으로는 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제, 행동의도, 행동 등 계획된 행동이론의 모형에 태도적 신념, 규범적 신념, 통제적 신념 등 현출신념을 포함하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 for Windows를 사용하여 빈도분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 검증 결과, 외생변수와 내생변수 간에 유의한 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 모든 가설은 지지되었다. 이로써 본 이론의 유용성이 재 입증되었으며, 연구 결과는 유아의 인성발달이라는 교육적 측면과 노인소외현상 감소라는 복지적 측면에서 노력하는 전문가들을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

The need for and components of a contemporary community pharmacy externship for pharmacy students have not been clearly identified in Korea. Mail survey was performed among 20 college of pharmacy deans and 800 community pharmacists to analyze the current status and develop a consensus regarding major focus area and criteria of community pharmacy externship to be implemented under the separation of dispensary from medical practice in year 2000. Mail survey yielded $80\%\;and\;23.5\%$ response rate for pharmacy school deans and community pharmacists, respectively. Of the 16 pharmacy schools that responded 14 said they have externship program in hospital pharmacy, and only 8 pharmacy schools responded of having externship program for community pharmacy. However, these community pharmacy programs lacked criteria and standard guideline for the externship. The results of survey revealed that community pharmacy externship program for students should be organized and directed toward developing expert knowledge and skills in pharmacy practice activities, clinical services, communications, pharmacy management, and professionalism. Pharmacy practice components should include competencies and skills in computer application, prescription processing, dispensing, pharmaceutical compounding, Narcotics Control Law application, maintenance and provision of drug information, and laws and regulations. Clinical service components should include the ability to identify patient's drug-related problems, provide long-term patient care and appreciate drug therapy services. Communication skills should be taught to effectively express his/her professional opinion, deduce the needs of others, utilize appropriate techniques and media to communicate ideas and conduct a patient interview and to obtain patient drug history. Pharmacy management skills should be taught to be efficient in medical insurance and drug control process. It was found that professionalism, morality, pharmacy practice experience, ability to provide clinical services, collect and provide drug information and regality are important criteria of preceptors. Externship sites should possess the ability to stock various drugs, access and provide diverse pharmacy services and should have private patient counseling area. Most pharmacists agreed that top 200 drugs' generic and brand name, indications, dosage, side effects, and contraindication should be instructed during the externship. It was also found that student and preceptor should be evaluated for their performances during the externship. This information will be incorporated into teaming objectives for students and to develop Academic Extemship Program Guidelines.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2008

Purpose: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a potent differentiating agent for cells of the osteoblastic lineage. It has been used in the oral cavity under a variety of indications and with different carriers. However, the optimal carrier for each indication is not known. This study evaluated the bone regenerative effect of rhBMP-2 delivered with different carrier systems. Materials and Methods: 8 mm critical-sized rat calvarial defects were used in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups containing 10 animals each. Two groups were controls that had no treatment and absorbable collagen membrane only. 4 groups were experimentals that contained rhBMP-2 only and applied with absorbable collagen sponge($Collatape^{(R)}$), $MBCP^{(R)}$, Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ each. The histological and histometric parameters were used to evaluate the defects after 2- or 8-week healing period. The shape and total augmented area were stable in all groups over the healing time. Results: New bone formation was significantly greater in the rhBMP-2 with carrier group than control group. rhBMP-2/ACS was the highest in bone density but gained less new bone area than rhBMP-2/$MBCP^{(R)}$ and rhBMP-2/Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$. The bone density after 8 weeks was greater than that after 2 weeks in all groups. However, rhBMP-2 alone failed to show the statistically significant difference in new bone area and bone density compared to control group. Also $MBCP^{(R)}$ and Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ particles remained after 8 weeks healing period. Conclusion: These results suggest that rhBMP-2 with carrier system is an excellent inductive agent for bone formation and we can use it as the predictable bone tissue engieering technique. Future study will likely focus on the kinetics of BMP release and development of carriers that is ideal for it.