• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1038-1044
• /
• 2002

The study was designed to observe the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on tumor incidence, eicosanoid formation and antioxidant enzyme activities in colonic mucosa and the fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats. One hundred twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, BT (beef tallow diet) group and FO (fish oil diet) group, and each group was again subdivided into 2 groups depending on CLA supplementation, i.e.4 groups of BT, BTC, FO, FOC. All rats were fed experimental diet for 30 weeks, which contained 12% (wt/wt) total dietary fat including 1% (wt/wt) CLA, and were intramuscularly injected with DMH for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg/kg body. CLA-supplemented to BT and FO diet reduced tumor incidence, eicosanoid (PGE$_2$ and TXA$_2$) level in colonic mucosa. N-3 fatty acids (mainly DHA) of fish oil diet (FO, FOC group) also reduced tumor incidence and significantly reduced eicosanoid (PGE$_2$ and TXA$_2$) level in colonic mucosa. CLA supplementation and n-3 fatty acid significantly increased colonic mucosal level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities but reduced secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid) excretion in the feces. In conclusion, CLA supplementation and n-3 fatty acid could reduce tumor incidence by reducing eicosanoids and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities in colon and decreasing the excretion of deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the feces. The data might suggest that CLA supplementation and n-3 DHA rich fish oil may modulate colon carcinogenesis.termediate level of endurance exercise training for 6 weeks did not influence concentrations of most of free amino acid in soleus muscle of rats collected at an overnight fasted and rested state. In contrast, isolucine and leucine concentrations in extensor digitorum longus muscle of exercise-trained rats were significantly lower than those for control animals. These results indicate that aerobic energy metabolism had not been efficiently conducted, and thereby the utilization of BCAA for energy substrate was enhanced in fast twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers of extensor digitorum longus muscle of rats followed exercise-training protocol for 6 weeks.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.891-896
• /
• 1994

Reactions of mer, trans-$Re({\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)_2Cl_3$, I, with $PMe_3$ and $P(OMe)_34 at room temperature, led to mer, trans-$Re({\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)(PMe_3)Cl_3$, II, and fac-$Re({\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)(P(OMe)_3)Cl_34, III, respectively. The crystal structures of II and III were determined through X-ray diffraction. Ⅱ crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group $Pna2_1$ with cell parameters a=19.379(4) ${\AA}$, b=11.867(2) ${\AA}$, c = 12.676(3) ${\AA}$, and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement of the structure led to a $R(wR_2)$ factor of 0.0251 (0.0621) for 2203 unique reflections of $I>2{\sigma}(I)$ and for 306 variables. III crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group $P2_1/n$ with cell parameters a=11.399(3) ${\AA}$, b=14.718(4) ${\AA}$, c=17.558(5) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=97.79(2){\circ}$, and Z=4. Least-squares refinement of the structure led to a $R(wR_2)$ factor of 0.0571 (0.1384) for 3739 unique reflections of $I>2{\sigma}(I)$ and for 344 variables. Structural studies showed that the relative orientations of the two phosphines in both complexes are different, probably due to the differences in the coordinating abilities between $PMe_3$ and $P(OMe)_3$ to the 5-coordinate fluxional intermediate.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.709-722
• /
• 2011

This study was investigated to obtain basic data which can be applied to processing of retort pouched seasoned sea mussel. Shell was washed and steamed before shucking. Sea mussel meat was seasoned in boiled and mixed seasoning sauce(soy sauce 23%, monosodiun glutamate 2%, sorbitol 2%, sesame oil 1%, vinegar 2%, starch syrup 15%, water 55%) for 30 min. The seasoned sea mussel was vacuum packed in plastic film bag and sterilized for various Fo values(Fo 7~13 min.) in a hot water circulation system retort at $121^{\circ}C$. The chemical composition such as pH, VBN, amino-N, total amino acid, free amino acid, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, TBA value, mineral, sensory evaluation and viable cells count of the retort pouched seasoned sea mussels sterilized with various conditions(Fo 7~13 min.) were measured. The same experimental items were also measured during storage. There was no remarkable difference between sterilization conditions and sensual characteristics. The results showed that the product sterilized at Fo 7 min. was the most desirable because this condition is most economical.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.40-62
• /
• 2021

Are intentions important in deciding the outcome of an action such as sharing misinformation among social media users during the pandemic? What is their role and how far they are important for the very act of fake sharing news? The social media users' actions on the social platform are determined by what they plan to do themselves; however, their motivation has an immense role to play in the dissemination of fake news on social media. The study proposes a conceptual model for understanding how select factors affect fake news sharing motivation and intentions of social media users. The study scrutinizes the relationship between content and context, fear of missing out (FoMO), news verification and news sharing gratification on the motivation and intention of social media users of networked Asian society. Empirical Data were drawn from social media users (N = 243) from India, using an online questionnaire based on prior studies and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the data collected. Results indicate that news content, news verification, and news sharing gratification have a direct and positive relationship with sharing motivation. On the other hand, news context and content, FoMO and news sharing gratification have a positive significant relationship with sharing intention. Likewise, it was discovered that news verification will decrease sharing intention of the social media users. However, news context, that is the pandemic in the case of the present study and FoMO were not identified as determinant variables for sharing motivation among social media users. The research limitations and further scope were discussed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2022

The population of pet cats has increased significantly, from 0.3% in 2002 to 5.6% in 2017. Large-scale feline demographic and disease data from Korea are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic data (breed, sex, and age) and disease distribution of cats who visited private veterinary practices in Korea. Data including breed, sex, age, and disease, were compiled from 32,728 electronic medical records from 30 selected private veterinary practices, between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017. Diseases were classified based on the International Classification of Diseases 11 by the World Health Organization, and then compared and cross-analyzed according to breed, sex, and age. Korean shorthair was the most common breed. There was a high distribution of young cats, with 77.6% of the cats under 4 years of age, and an average age of 2.5 years. Diagnoses related to preventative medicine were the most frequent and diagnoses common to young cats had higher incidence. This demographic data and information about disease distribution can be used as a basis for future research and may be helpful for determining priorities in the diagnosis of diseases and establishing strategies for health management in cats.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 2009

Forsterite is a crystalline magnesium silicate with chemical formula $Mg_2SiO_4$, which has extremely low electrical conductivity that makes it an ideal substrate material for electronics. In this study, forsterite precursors were synthesized with magnesium silicate gels from the mixture of magnesium nitrate solution and various sodium silicate solution by the geopolymer technique. Precursors and heattreated powders were characterized by thermogravimetrical differential thermal analyzer(TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance(MAS-NMR), transmission electron microscopy(TEM). As the result of analysis about the crystallization behavior by DTA, the synthesized precursors were crystallized in the temperature range of $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$. The XRD results showed that the gel composition began to crystallize at various temperature. Also, it was found that the sodium orthosilicate based precursors(named as 'FO') began to crystallize at above $550^{\circ}C$. The FO peaks were much stronger than sodium silicate solution based precursors(named as 'FW'), sodium metasilicate based precursors(named as 'FM') at $800^{\circ}C$. TEM investigation revealed that the 100nm particle sized sample was obtained from FO by heating up to $800^{\circ}C$.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2016

Hydraulic fracturing of wells during oil and gas (O&G) exploration consumes large volumes of fresh water and generates larger volumes of contaminated wastewater with high salinity. It is critical to treat and reuse the O&G wastewater in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner for sustainable industrial development and for meeting stringent regulations. Recently, forward osmosis (FO) has been examined if it is a promising solution for treatment and desalination of complex industrial streams and especially fracturing flowback and produced waters. In the present study, the performances of a plate-and-frame FO membrane element and a module (6 elements combined in series) were investigated for concentrating high TDS wastewater. An FO module has achieved up to 64 % water recovery (i.e., concentration factor of 2.76) from 10,000 ppm wastewaters and can concentrate feed streams salinities to greater than 30,500 ppm.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2014

In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was prepared by phase inversion precipitation and then evaluated the forward osmosis (FO) membrane performance. Differences in water flux and salt rejection between RO and FO with prepared membranes were observed. The different structure membranes were prepared with various solvent which evaluate the influence of membrane structure on permeability. The structure of the prepared membrane was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the permeability changes were estimated using the bench-scale FO test equipment.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 1995

Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd: YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as BrJ, and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased. To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2011

The deficiency of clean water is a major global concern because all the living creatures rely on the drinkable water for survival. On top of this, abundant of clean water supply is also necessary for household, metropolitan inhabitants, industry, and agriculture. Among many purification processes, advances in low-energy membrane separation technology appear to be the most effective solution for water crisis because membranes have been widely recognized as one of the most direct and feasible approaches for clean water production. The aim of this article is to give an overview of (1) two new emerging membrane technologies for water reuse and desalination by forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD), and (2) the molecular engineering and development of highly permeable hollow fiber membranes, with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) as the main focuses for the aforementioned applications in National University of Singapore (NUS). This article presents the main results of membrane module design, separation performance, membrane characteristics, chemical modification and spinning conditions to produce novel hollow fiber membranes for FO and MD applications. As two potential solutions, MD and FO may be synergistically combined to form a hybrid system as a sustainable alternative technology for fresh water production.