• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1140-1152
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• 1997

Serum and liver lipid levels and fatty acid composition of liver phospolipids (PL) were investigated in 36 rats which consumed either one of five different dietary fats or a high carbohydrate diet for 4 weeks. As the sources of five dietary fats, concentrated cicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), fish oil (FO), perilla oil(PO), corn oil(CO) and beef tallow (BT) were provided to the rats. As a control group, cron starch (CS) replaced dietary fat. The FO group showed lower serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipiprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and serum PL levels than those of the CO group(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum TC and serum HDL-C levels between the polyunsatured fatty acid(PUFA) groups and the EPA, FO and PO groups. The CS group showed the highest level serum TC. Compared with the CS group, both the EPA and CO groups showed significantly lower atherogenic indices(AI). However, there were no significant differences in AI among different dietary fat groups. No significant differences in liver triglyceride (TG) , TC and PL levels were detected among the six experimental groups. Phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) composed 30-40% and 15-20% of total liver PL, respectively. The fatty acid composition of liver PC and PE reflected dietary fatty acid composition . Compared to the different dietary fat based diets used in our study, the high carbohydrate diet had the most adverse effects on serum lipid profiles. However, we can not conclude from this result that long chain n-3 PUFA diets such as the EPA and FO based diets have more beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles than n-6 PUFA diet such as the CO based diet or shorter chain n-3 PUFA diets like the PO based diet.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2003

We completed the light curves of near-contact binary system AX Dra for 11 nights from March 2001 to May using the 61-cm reflector and VR filters at Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory. From our observations, seven new times of minimum light (three timings to. primary eclipse, four. for. secondary) and the light elements consistent with recent observations were determined. Using the Wilson-Devinney binary code and the q-search method, we analyzed our VR light curves for various Roche configurations and mass ratios. As the results, we found the eclipsing binary AX Dra to be the FO Vir-type near-contact binary system interpreted as a detached or a semi-detached system, with the secondary filling its Roche lobe and the primary almost. Unlike the statistical study(Shaw 1994) of the FO Vir-type near-contact binary system, our VR light curves showed the O'Connell effect of all the same type and it's dimensions was about $0^{m}.008$.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2017

In these days, wastewater reclamation and seawater desalination play essential role in addressing the challenge of worldwide water scarcity. Particularly, reverse osmosis (RO) for seawater desalination process is commonly used due to less energy consumption than conventional thermodynamic systems. However, membrane fouling and electrical energy consumption during operation of RO system for seawater desalination haver continued to be a obstruction to its application. In this study, therefore, wastewater secondary effluent is used for osmotic dilution of seawater. Firstly, fouling behaviour of RO by simulating wastewater effluent in osmotic dilution process was measured and we calculated energy consumption of overall desalination process by theoretical equations and commercial program. Our results reveal that RO membrane fouling can be efficiently controlled by pre-treatment systems such as nano filtration (NF) or forward osmosis (FO) process. Especially FO system for osmotic dilution process is a non-pressurized membrane system and, therefore, the operating energy consumption of overall desalination system was the lowest. Moreover, fouling layer on FO membrane is comparatively weak and reversible enough to be disrupted by physical cleaning. Thus, RO system with low salinity feed water through FO process is possible as a less energy consuming desalination system with efficient membrane fouling control.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the effect of multilayered fish oil (FO) emulsion without or with trans-cinnamal-dehyde on pork patties. Multilayered FO (-primary, -secondary, -tertiary) emulsions were prepared using a layer-by-layer deposition technique with Tween 20, chitosan, and low methoxyl pectin, and were added to pork patties at the same concentration. Pork patties were then stored for 20 d in a refrigerator ($5^{\circ}C$) to study changes in quality. The results showed that the pH value of all samples significantly decreased but cooking loss increased during storage (p<0.05). However, water-holding capacity and moisture content showed no remarkable difference between treatments and storage periods (p>0.05). All pork patties containing multilayered FO (treated samples) showed higher values for lightness and significantly lower values for yellowness compared to control pork patties (untreated sample). Lipid oxidation was higher in treated pork patties than in control pork patties during storage. In addition, lipid oxidation and total viable bacterial count in pork patties decreased as the number of coating layers increased. However, hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of all samples showed no significant change during storage (p>0.05) as compared to fresh pork patties. Furthermore, these did not remarkable change with addition of trans-cinnamaldehyde in all pork patties. From our results, we suggest that FO emulsion did not affect the texture characteristics of fresh pork patties, indicating that it could be used to improve the quality of pork patties by contributing high-quality fat such as unsaturated fatty acids.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2076-2086
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• 2016

Fungal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze versatile monooxygenase reactions and play a major role in fungal adaptations owing to their essential roles in the production avoid metabolites critical for pathogenesis, detoxification of xenobiotics, and exploitation avoid substrates. Although fungal CYP-dependent biotransformation for the selective oxidation avoid organic compounds in yeast system is advantageous, it often suffers from a shortage avoid intracellular NADPH. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of bacterial glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) for the intracellular electron regeneration of fungal CYP monooxygenase in a yeast reconstituted system. The benzoate hydroxylase FoCYP53A19 and its homologous redox partner FoCPR from Fusarium oxysporum were co-expressed with the BsGDH from Bacillus subtilis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous expression and biotransformations. We attempted to optimize several bottlenecks concerning the efficiency of fungal CYP-mediated whole-cell-biotransformation to enhance the conversion. The catalytic performance of the intracellular NADPH regeneration system facilitated the hydroxylation of benzoic acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with high conversion in the resting-cell reaction. The FoCYP53A19+FoCPR+BsGDH reconstituted system produced 0.47 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (94% conversion) in the resting-cell biotransformations performed in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.5 mM benzoic acid and 0.25% glucose for 24 h at $30^{\circ}C$. The "coupled-enzyme" system can certainly improve the overall performance of NADPH-dependent whole-cell biotransformations in a yeast system.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the effects of main constituents of Nigella sativa (NS) seed on the survival and CNS responses in experimental animals. The toxicological investigations were conducted for the determination of median lethal doses $(LD_{50})$ of NS seed constituents [i.e. aqueous extract (AE), fixed oil (FO), volatile oil (VO)] and main components of its VO [i.e. thymoquinone (TQ), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (AP) and p-cymene (PC)]. A part of this study includes evaluation NS constituents in the induction of minimal neurological deficit (MND) as a parameter for neurotoxicity using chimney test. In this study, the i.p. $LD_{50}$ values of AE, FO, VO, TQ (suspended In 0.5%CMC), TQ (dissolved in corn oil), AP and PC, were 3020, 3371, 1853, 616.6, 90.3, 1726 and 1523 mg/kg, respectively. All the NS constituents can be considered moderately toxic ($LD_{50}$ ranged from 616.6 to 3371 mg/kg), except the oily solution of TQ, which was very toxic ($LD_{50}$ was 90.3 mg/kg). It appeared that the toxicity of the whole VO is mainly due to its content of TQ and to some extent PC. All the NS constituents induced different degrees of MND at certain dose levels. The median neurotoxic (or sedating) doses $(TD_{50})$ of AE, FO, VO, TQ (suspended in CMC) and AP and PC, were 950, 1403, 306, 88.1, >173 and 368 mg/kg, respectively. TQ was the most potent component in inducing MND, whereas the FO and AE were the least. Neurotoxicity induced by the VO in the chimney test may refer basically to its contents of TQ and to some extent PC and AP.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.820-832
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• 2012

This study was investigated to obtain basic data which can be applied to processing of canned seasoned sea mussel. Shell was washed and steamed for 10 min before shucking. Sea mussel meat was seasoned with mixed seasoning sauce(soy sauce 23%, monosodiun glutamate 2%, sorbitol 2%, sesame oil 1%, vinegar 2%, starch syrup 15%, water 55%) for 30 min The seasoned sea mussel 60 g was vacuum packed in RR-90 can and fill with seasoning sauce 30 mL and grape seed oil 30 mL respectively, and then there was sterilized for various Fo values(Fo 8~12 min) in a steam system retort at $121^{\circ}C$. pH, VBN, amino-N, total amino acid, free amino acid, color value, texture profile, TBA value, mineral content, sensory evaluation and viable cells count of the canned seasoned sea mussels sterilized with various conditions(Fo 8~12 min) were measured. The same experimental items were also measured during storage. There was no remarkable difference between sterilized conditions and sensual characteristics. The results showed that the product of filled with grape seed oil sterilized at Fo 8 min was the most desirable.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.10A
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• pp.1200-1204
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• 2004

Fiber-optic sensor (FOS) using bending-sensitive fiber (BSF which detects physical variables according to the variation of fiber-bending is proposed. BSF is already used in variable optical attenuator. Three-dimensional finite difference beam propagation method (3D FD-BPM) is used to investigate the bending loss of BSF. Then, the results of bending experiment with FOS consisting of BSF is compared to numerical results of 3D FD-BPM. In particular, the optical power of fabricated FOS with BSF varies from -ldB to -2OdB when pressure given to the upper side of FOS changes from 0 MPa to 0.005 MPa, while the FOS consists of SMF shows no change of optical power at the same condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.277-281
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• 2003

Effects of $CaF_2$ addition as a filler on the high frequency dielectric properties and sintering of CaO-$Al_2O_3-SiO_2-B_2O_3$(CASB) and ZnO-MgO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$(ZMBS) glass composites were investigated. The optimal glass composition in the CASB system was 33.0CaO-$17.0Al_2O_3-35.0SiO_2-15.0B_O_3$(in wt%). The corresponding dielectric properties were k=8.1 and $Q{\times}fo$=1,200GHz. The sintering temperature was $800{\mu}m$. In case of 2MBS system, 25.0ZnO-25.0MgO-20.0$B_2O_3-30.0SiO_2$(in wt%) glass showed k=6.8 and $Q{\times}fo$=5,200GHz when it was sintered at $750^{\circ}C$. The maximum amount of $CaF_2$ in the CASB and 2MBS glass system without any detrimental effect on the sintering was 25.0 v/o and 15.0 v/o, respectively. The addition of $CaF_2$ in the glass systems improved the high frequency dielectric properties. In case of CASB+$CaF_2$ composite, k was 7.1 and $Q{\times}fo$ was 2,300GHz. And in case of 2MBS+$CaF_2$ composite, k was 5.9 and $Q{\times}fo$ was 8,100GHz. $CaF_2$ addition also reduced sintering temperature. Effects of $CaF_2$ on the dielectric and sintering properties was analyzed in terms of viscosity and crystallization behavior changes due to the interaction between $CaF_2$ and the glass systems.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2005

The occurrence of Fusarium wilt in strawberry fields in Korea was assessed from 2001 to 2003. Fusarium wilt was found from June to August in nursery beds, from September to October after planting in production beds, and from January to March during harvesting period. The symptoms were root rots, discolored vascular tissue in the crown and deformation and yellowing of central leaflets. The disease occurred in up to 30% of plants in 37 of 214 fields surveyed. Fusarium wilt occurred from cvs. ‘Dochiodome’, ‘Maehyang’, ‘Redpearl’, ‘Samaberry ’ and ‘Akihime’ and more severe from cvs. ‘Samaberry’, ‘Maehyang’ and ‘Dochiodome’. Infested soils had high salt concentrations, high nitrogen, phosphate concentrations and low pH. The results of pathogenicity test showed that Fo47 and Fo79 isolated from cvs. ‘Dochiodome’ and ‘Samaberry’ were strong pathogenic to all of four cultivars, and ‘Dochiodome’, ‘Redpearl’, ‘Maehyang’ were relatively susceptible to the all isolates.