• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.119-124
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• 2001

This experimental study was conducted to figure out the characteristics of convective heat transfer non boiling vertical downward flow with polymer additives. This experiment was studied in diameter, 800mm heating length and $1{\times}10^5 W/m^2$ heat flux. The polymer concentration ranged 0ppm to 500ppm with corresponding from superficial liquid velocity 1.25m/s to 2.5m/s in non bo vertical up and downward flow. Experimental results show that the characteristics of convective transfer was a strong function of polymer concentration and it has decreased with increasing polymer concentration in non boiling up and vertical downward flow.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.118-123
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• 2000

This experimental study was conducted to figure out the characteristics of convective heat transfer in non boiling vertical downward flow with polymer additives. This experiment was studied in 26mm diameter, 800mm heating length and $1{\times}10^5W/m^2$ heat flux. The polymer concentration ranged from 0PPM to 500PPM with corresponding from Reynolds number $3.3{\times}10^4$ to $6.8{\times}10^4$ in non boiling vertical downward flow. Experimental results show that the characteristics of convective heat transfer was a strong function of polymer concentration and it has decreased with increasing the polymer concentration in non boiling vertical downward flow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 1991

Characteristics of suspended sediment concentration of equilibrium and non-equilibrium state caused by waves and currents are investigated by conducting a movable bed experiments in wave tanks. In the region where a downward flux of suspended sediment is larger than a upward flux, time-averaged vertical distribution of suspended sediment does not indicate logarithmic distribution. A new numerical procedure for predicting time-averaged suspended sediment concentration is also proposed based on two-dimensional advective diffusion equation by applying a split-operator approach. It is found that the unposed procedure can predict measured distribution of suspended sediment satisfactorily.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.174-184
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• 1997

Activated carbons were prepared from palm chars by steam activation. The effect of the activation temperature and time, steam concentration and flux on the n -butane adsorption properties were investigated on the basis of surface area, pore analysis and n-butane adsorption. The amount of n -butane adsorption increased with steam concentration and steam flux at higher activation temperature to the $900^{\circ}C$, however this tendancy on the activated carbons were not observed at the temperature above $900^{\circ}C$, It was shown that surface area was 978 $\textrm{m}^2$/g, average pore size was 9.3 $\AA$ and n-butane adsorption was 5.9 g /100ml in the activated carbons, prepared at $900^{\circ}C$, 185 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 1998

By checking the variations of the raw water quality and MLSS, the effects of the membrane materials on permeable flux and quality of the treated water were investigated in this study. Due to the stability for high variations of MLSS, tubular type membranes were selected. Polysulfone group membranes and polyamide group membranes were tested. The crossflow operation mode was adapted, because membrane fouling problems could be easily controlled by adjusting the linear velocity. Due to the high concentration of the raw water, polyamide group membranes were originally expected to achieve two times higher permeable fluxes. However, difference was only approximately $20l/m^2{\cdot}h$ at $3kgf/cm^2$. It might be resulted from the high concentration of organic materials in the effluent of the RBC process. For the quality of the treated water, polyamide group membranes were slightly less effective. It might be resulted from the fact that polysulfone group membranes had more adsorptive capacities for the organic materials. The effects of temperature on the permeable flux were found to be significant. Despite of the irregular injection of raw water, the quality of the treated water was kept stable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

A special field experiment has been carried out from March 2001 to June 2001 at the Changhowon in Kyunggi to investigate a better methodology for the estimation of dry deposition of pollutions applicable in Korea. In this study, dry deposition plate was used to measure of total and water soluble acidic mass fluxes, and CPRI(Coarse Particle Rotary Impactor), CI(Cascade Impactor) were also used to measure ambient concentrations in various particle size ranges. Sehmel-Hodgson model was used to estimate dry depostion velocity and Weibull probability distribution function was applied to get generalized particle size distribution for the size fractioned concentration data sampled by CPRI and CI. Atmospheric dry deposition fluxes of mass and ionic matters estimated by the various techniques(one-step, multi-step, equi-concentration, subdivision for only the coarse particle range, applying Weibull distribution function, etc.) were compared to flux data sampled by DDP. It was found out that the deposition fluxes estimation methodology calculated by the each particle size range devided by particle size distribution characteristics and the rapidly changed points of deposition velocity using Weibull probability distribution function was the most applicable.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 1996

Mercury (Hg) is ubiquitous throughout the earth's atmosphere. The uniqueness of its atmospheric geochemistry is well-known with the high environmental mobility and relatively long atmospheric residence time (c.a., 1 year) associated with its high chemical stability. Despite a growing recognition of the environmental significance of its global cycling, the prexisting Korean database for atmospheric Hg is extremely rare and confined to a number of concentration measurements conducted under relatively polluted urban atmospheric environments. To help activate the research on this suvject, an in-depth analysis on the current development in the measurements of atmospheric mercury and the associated fluxes has been made using the most using the most updated data ests reported worldwide. As a first step toward this purpose, the most reliable techniques commonly employed in the measurements of its concentration in the background atmosphere are introduced in combination with the flux measurement techniques over soil surface such as: dynamic enclosure (or field flux chamber) method and field micrometeorological method. Then the results derived using these measurement techniques are discussed and interpreted with an emphasis on its mobilization across the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere interface. A unmber of factors including air/soil temperature, soil chemical composition, soil water content, and barometric pressure are found out to be influential to the rate and amount of such exchange processes. Although absolute magnitude of such exchange processes is insignificant relative to that of the major component like the oceanic environment, this exchange process is thought to be the the predominant natural pathway for both the mobilization and redistribution of atmospheric Hg on a local or regional scale.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

We measured phosphate benthic fluxes and conducted phosphate adsorption experiments in order to find out the effects of adsorption on phosphate benthic fluxes in the intertidal sediments of Keunso Bay during summer and winter. Organic carbon contents showed little variation with season at St. S1, but noticeable changes were observed at St. S2, which were three times higher in winter than in summer. The higher organic carbon contents in winter resulted from the bloom of benthic algae in surface sediments. Pore water phosphate concentrations were much higher in summer than in winter. The higher phosphate concentration in summer was probably due to the faster remineralization rate of organic matter in summer. At St. S1, benthic fluxes of phosphate showed a negative value in summer and a positive value in winter. However, St. S2 had a negative benthic flux both in summer and winter. The negative benthic flux was ascribed to the phosphate adsorption on iron oxides in surface sediments. The equilibrium concentrations of phosphate obtained from the adsorption experiment were three times higher at St. S1 than at St. S2. The relatively high adsorption coefficient and low equilibrium concentration indicated that phosphate was strongly adsorbed on the surface sediments of Keunso Bay. The strong adsorption affinity significantly reduced benthic fluxes of phosphate in the intertidal sediments.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2010

In this study, dynamic simulation of membrane reactor was performed for water gas shift reaction and temperature, hydrogen concentration, etc. were investigated as a function of time and position. Simulation results indicated that differences of hydrogen concentration, hydrogen partial pressure, and temperature in the radial direction, were larger in the entrance than in the exit. In addition, the hydrogen flux was the largest in the entrance, where the hydrogen partial pressure difference was the largest, and the conversion of carbon monoxide in the exit was about 0.65.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5304-5309
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• 2013

The degradation of methylethylkeone(MEK) was investigated by the continuous single module photocatalytic reactor. Operational conditions were initial concentration of MEK, intensity of photon flux, and activity change according to the long time operation. The photocatalytic degradation was decreased with the increase of MEK concentration, and the degree of decrease was larger at higher flow rate. Removal efficiency of photocatalytic reactor was decreased with the increase of reactor diameter and lamp wavelength under the same residence time condition. Continuous single module photocatalytic reactor was successfully operated without any activity drop during 120hrs operation.