• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

As a measure of the combined effect of fracture geometry, the fabric tensor parameters could quantify the status of the connected fluid flow paths in discrete fracture network (DFN). The correlation analysis between fabric tensor parameters and hydraulic properties of the 2-D DFN was performed in this study. It is found that there exists a strong nonlinear relationship between the directional conductivity and the fabric tensor component estimated in the direction normal to the direction of hydraulic conductivity. The circular radial plots without significant variation of the first invariant ($F_0$) of fabric tensor for different sized 2-D DFN block are a necessary condition for treating representative element volume (REV) of a fractured rock mass. The relative error (ER) between the numerically calculated directional hydraulic conductivity and the theoretical directional hydraulic conductivity decreases with the increase in $F_0$. A strong functional relation seems to exist between the $F_0$ and the average block hydraulic conductivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2017

This study investigated spraying factors applicable to stripper usage. Cyclodextrine, as environment-friendly material, was included in the stripper composition. An efficient spray technology was applied for the Photoresist strip. For industrial applications, stripping requires a temperature below $50^{\circ}C$, a strip time within 50 s, and chemically stable activation. Spraying factors were organized considering many conditions-orifice diameter, working pressure (inlet speed), spray distance, and spray angle. For commercial practicability, the flow rate was limited to 3 L/min. The nozzle parameters were nozzle orifice diameter of 1.8-2.2 mm, spray distance of 40-60 mm, and injection speed of 0.7-1.2 m/s. Through the thermal spray movement of the fluid, the thermal boundary layer for a chemical reaction just above the ITO-glass surface and momentum region for sufficient agitation (above 4 m/s) was achieved.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

In injection molding, the mold temperature is one of most important process parameters that affect the flow characteristics and part deformation. The mold temperature usually varies periodically owing to the effects of the hot polymer melt and the cold coolant as the molding cycle repeats. In this study, a pulsed mold temperature control was proposed to improve the part quality as well as the productivity by alternatively circulating hot water and cold water before and after the molding stage, respectively. Transient thermal-fluid coupled analyses were performed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of the proposed pulsed mold heating and cooling system. The simulation results were then compared with those of the conventional mold cooling system in terms of the heating and cooling efficiencies of the proposed pulsed mold temperature control system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.159-159
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• 2011

Among the semiconductor ternary compounds in the I-III-$VI_2$ series, $CulnS_2$ ($CulnSe_2$) are one of the promising materials for photovoltaic applications because of the suitability of their electrical and optical properties. The $CuInS_2$ thin film is one of I-III-$VI_2$ type semiconductors, which crystallizes in the chalcopyrite structure. Its direct band gap of 1.5 eV, high absorption coefficient and environmental viewpoint that $CuInS_2$ does not contain any toxic constituents make it suitable for terrestrial photovoltaic applications. A variety of techniques have been applied to deposit $CuInS_2$ thin films, such as single/double source evaporation, coevaporation, rf sputtering, chemical vapor deposition and chemical spray pyrolysis. This is the first report that $CuInS_2$ thin films have been prepared by Aerosol Jet Deposition (AJD) technique which is a novel and attractive method because thin films with high deposition rate can be grown at very low cost. In this study, $CuInS_2$ thin films have been prepared by Aerosol Jet Deposition (AJD) method which employs a nozzle expansion. The mixed fluid is expanded through the nozzle into the chamber evacuated in a lower pressure to deposit $CuInS_2$ films on Mo coated glass substrate. In this AJD system, the characteristics of $CuInS_2$ films are dependent on various deposition parameters, such as compositional ratio of precursor solution, flow rate of carrier gas, stagnation pressure, substrate temperature, nozzle shape, nozzle size and chamber pressure, etc. In this report, $CuInS_2$ thin films are deposited using the deposition parameters such as the compositional ratio of the precursor solution and the substrate temperature. The deposited $CuInS_2$ thin films will be analyzed in terms of deposition rate, crystal structure, and optical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1008-1015
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• 2015

Thermal vacuum test should be performed prior to launch to verify satellites' functionality in extremely cold/hot temperatures and vacuum conditions. A thermal vacuum chamber used to perform the thermal vacuum tests of a satellite system and its components. A cryogenic blower is a core component of the gaseous nitrogen (GN2) closed loop thermal control system for thermal vacuum chambers. A final goal of this research is development of cryogenic blower. Design requirements of a blower are 150 CFM flow rate, 0.5 bara pressure difference, hot and cold temperatures. This paper describes the performance analysis of impeller by 1D, CFD commercial software, the design of the thermal protection interface between the driving part and the fluid part. The performance of the cryogenic blower is confirmed by test at the standard air condition and is verified by on the thermal vacuum chamber at the real operating condition.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.118-126
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of combustion and emissions in pulverized coal fired boiler for using high moisture coal and dry coal through computational fluid dynamics(CFD). We validated this boiler model with performance data of the boiler. The results of flow characteristics showed that climbing speed of gases was increased as blending ratio of high moisture coal was increased. It can decrease a residence time of fuel in the furnace. And it influence coal combustion. The coal burnout and NOx generation in burner level were decreased as increasing blending ratio of high moisture coal. The gas temperature and NOx formation were increased after OFA level due to coal burnout delay.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2006

The object of this study was to develop an advanced method for fluid flow and oxygen transmission and increase adhesive property of microorganism to waste plastic vessel that was made of microorganism media. Through lab scale experiments, we found the optimum packed media volume rate and method, and when the optimum condition was applied to pilot plant, we confirmed possibility of advanced treatment. The sewage that was used in the test was the sewage disposal facility established in C and K elementary schools, which utilized waste plastic media oxidation engineering method. Analysis showed that removal efficiency of organic matter, SS, T-N and T-P was very high, that the sewage disposal facility maintained stability of treatment when changeable load of raw sewage flowed in.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2018

There have been recent efforts to establish methods for high-fidelity and multi-physics simulation with coupled thermal-hydraulic (T/H) and neutronics codes for the entire core of a light water reactor under accident conditions. Considering the computing power necessary for a pin-by-pin analysis of the entire core, subchannel-scale T/H analysis is considered appropriate to achieve acceptable accuracy in an optimal computational time. In the present study, the applicability of in-house code CUPID of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute was extended to the subchannel-scale T/H analysis. CUPID is a component-scale T/H analysis code, which uses three-dimensional two-fluid models with various closure models and incorporates a highly parallelized numerical solver. In this study, key models required for a subchannel-scale T/H analysis were implemented in CUPID. Afterward, the code was validated against four subchannel experiments under unheated and heated single-phase incompressible flow conditions. Thereafter, a subchannel-scale T/H analysis of the entire core for an Advanced Power Reactor 1400 reactor core was carried out. For the high-fidelity simulation, detailed geometrical features and individual rod power distributions were considered in this demonstration. In this study, CUPID shows its capability of reproducing key phenomena in a subchannel and dealing with the subchannel-scale whole core T/H analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.452-458
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• 2017

Multi-layered Waveguide-Below-Cutoff Array(WBCA) used in air duct and water pipe has advantages in manufacturing process as well as flow characteristics. In addition, it is possible to increase the Shielding Effectiveness(SE) by increasing the number of layers. However, since the SE of the multi-layered WBCA can not be predicted by the conventional SE equation, we propose the modified SE equation. The modified SE equation is obtained for both air and arbitrary fluid flowing in a multi-layered WBCA by increasing the number of layers from 2 to 64. In order to confirm the validity, the results of the proposed SE equations are compared with the EM simulation results.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

This paper deals with the FEM analysis of nonlinear sloshing of incompressible, invicid and irrotational flow in two dimensional rectangular tank. We use laplace equation based on potential theory as governing equation. For large amplitude sloshing motion, kinematic and dynamic free surface conditions derived from Bernoulli equation are applied. This problem is solved by FEM using 9-node elements. For the time integration and accurate velocity calculation, we introduce predictor-corrector time marching scheme and least square method. Also, numerical stability in tracking of free surface is obtained by direct calculation of free surface location to time variation. Numerical results of sloshing induced by harmonic excitations, while comparing with those of linear theory and references, prove the accuracy and stability. After verification of our program, we analyze sloshing response characteristics to the fluid height and the excitation amplitude.