• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2022

Long turn-off time limits high frequency operation of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs). Turn-off time decreases with increases in the recombination rate of minority carriers at switching transients. Fast neutron irradiation on a Si BJT incurs lattice damages owing to the displacement of silicon atoms. The lattice damages increase the recombination rate of injected holes with electrons, and decrease the hole lifetime in the base region of pnp Si BJT. Fast neutrons generated from a beryllium target with 30 MeV protons by an MC-50 cyclotron were irradiated onto pnp Si BJTs in experiment. The experimental results show that the turn-off time, including the storage time and fall time, decreases with increases in fast neutron fluence. Additionally, it is confirmed that the base current increases, and the collector current and base-to-collector current amplification ratio decrease due to fast neutron irradiation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2022

For tensile tests, Vickers hardness tests and microstructure tests, plate-type and box-type specimens of austenitic 316L stainless steels were produced by a conventional machining (CM) process as well as two additive manufacturing processes such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and direct metal tooling (DMT). The specimens were irradiated up to a fast neutron fluence of 3.3 × 10⁹ n/cm² at a neutron irradiation facility. Mechanical performance of the unirradiated and irradiated specimens were investigated at room temperature and 300 ℃, respectively. The tensile strengths of the DMLS, DMT and CM 316L specimens are in descending order but the elongations are in reverse order, regardless of irradiation and temperature. The ratio of Vickers hardness to ultimate tensile strength was derived to be between 3.21 and 4.01. The additive manufacturing processes exhibit suitable mechanical performance, comparing the tensile strengths and elongations of the conventional machining process.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2020

The picosecond laser has been widely used to remove tattoos, and improve wrinkles, acne scarring, and pigmented scars. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a 1,064-nm fractional picosecond laser treatment for depressed traumatic scars. A total of twenty Korean patients with depressed scars were treated with a 1,064-nm fractional picosecond laser at a two-week interval with a spot size of 3 mm, fluence of 3.5 to 5.5 J/cm², and frequency of 2 Hz with a combination of microlens arrays. At 4 weeks after the final treatment, there was a statistically significant improvement in the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) and the patient satisfaction score without any significant complication. A 1,064-nm fractional picosecond laser treatment is a safe and effective method to improve traumatic wound scars with depression.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3415-3421
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• 2022

This paper is aimed to find out the impact of the geometrical parameters, mainly the radius and the height of a cylinder, on the SGEMP response including the famous scaling law in the classical cylinder model using a homemade PIC code UNIPIC-3D. We computed the electric fields at the center and at the edge on the emission head face with different radii and heights under normal X-rays incidence. The results show that the electric field will increase with the radius but decrease with the height. We analyze the scaling law that links the electric field product and fluence product, and whereafter an irreconcilable contradiction raises when the radius is changeable, which limits the application range of the scaling law. Moreover, the field-height-radius relation is found and described by a combination of logarithmic and minus one-quarter numerical fitting law firstly. Particle and magnetic field distributions are used to explain all the behaviors of the fields reasonably. All the findings will assist the evaluation of SGEMP response in spacecraft protection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2366-2372
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• 2023

Are borate and silicate glasses suitable for working as shieling materials against fast neutrons? To correctly answer the above question, some silicate, and borate-based glasses were fabricated and irradiated with various doses of fast neutrons varied between 1.73 and 12.10 MGy. The color and hardness of the fabricated glasses were affected by the fast neutron fluence where the transparent glasses turned colored as well as the hardness of the fabricated glasses was decreased. The gamma-ray spectrometric analysis shows a high activity concentration produced in the barium borate glasses due to the formation of radioisotopes Ba-131 and Ba-133 reaches to 5.92E+05 Bq and 4.25E+03 Bq, respectively for sample Cd-5 Batch 3. Additionally, the gamma-ray spectrometric analysis for the sodium silicate glasses shows low activity concentrations emitted from isotopes formed due to the activation of Y₂O₃-associated impurities. These activities are low compared to that emitted by barium borate-based glasses.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2011

다엽콜리메이터, 겐트리회전, 선량율 등에서 형성되는 플루언스 맵을 이용하여 환자 맞춤형 치료 선량검증이 가능한지 알아보았다. 플루언스 맵은 2D 배열 검출기로 측정하였고, 동일 치료계획을 팬톰 내에서 이온전리함, 필름, 유리선량계 등을 이용하여 측정 비교하였다. 목표점에서 체적감마인자(volume gamma index, 3%, 3 mm)기준에 통과율은 $85.22%{\pm}1.7$(RT_target), $89.96%{\pm}2.15$였고, G4는 $95.14%{\pm}1.18$이었다. 선량 전달 오차는 선량이 급격히 변화는 영역(G1, G2, G3)과 주요장기(G4)에서 각각 $11.72%{\pm}0.531$, $-11.47%{\pm}0.991$, $7.81%{\pm}0.857$, $-4.14%{\pm}0.761$이었다. 이온전리함 측정값의 상대오차는 각각 평균 $-1.02%{\pm}0.222$ (Rt_target), $0.96%{\pm}0.294$ (Lt_target)이었다. 필름의 감마인자(3%, 3 mm) 기준 평균 통과율은 $92.59%{\pm}3.312$이었다. 유리선량계 상대 오차는 8.3% (G1), -5.4% (G2), 7.2% (G3), 6.1% (G4)이었다. 체적변조회전방사선 치료(VMAT)시 실시간 플루언스 맵 측정을 통한 실시간 환자 맞춤형 선량 검증이 가능할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.312-312
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• 2012

Magnesium oxide has become focus for research activities due to its use in magnetic tunnel junctions and for understanding of do ferromagnetism. Theoretical investigations on such type of system indicate that the presence of defects greater than a threshold value is responsible for the magnetic behaviour. It has also been shown experimentally that by decreasing the film thickness and size of nanoparticles, enhancement/increase in magnetization can be achieved. Apart from the change in dimension, swift heavy ions (SHI) are well known for creating defects and modifying the properties of the materials. In the present work, we have studied the irradiation induced effects in magnesium oxide thin film deposited on quartz substrate via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Magnesium oxide thin films of thickness 50nm were deposited on quartz substrate by using e-beam evaporation method. These films were irradiated by 200 MeV Ag15+ ion beam at fluence of $1{\times}10^{11}$, $5{\times}10^{11}$, $1{\times}10^{12}$, $3{\times}10^{12}$ and $5{\times}10^{12}ions/cm^2$ at Nuclear Science Centre, IUAC, New Delhi (India). The grain size was observed (as studied by AFM) to be decreased from 37 nm (pristine film) to 23 nm ($1{\times}10^{12}ions/cm^2$) and thereafter it increases upto a fluence of $5{\times}10^{12}ions/cm^2$. The electronic structure of the system has been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements performed at the high energy spherical grating monochromator 20A1 XAS (HSGM) beamline in the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan. Oxides of light elements like MgO/ZnO possess many unique physical properties with potentials for novel application in various fields. These irradiated thin films are also studied with different polarization (left and right circularly polarized) of incident x-ray beam at 05B3 EPU- Soft x-ray scattering beamline of NSRRC. The detailed analysis of observed results in the wake of existing theories is discussed.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2001

물리적인 형태의 선량 보상체 제작 없이 삼차원 방사선치료계획장치 및 다엽콜리메터를 이용한 방사선의 세기변조를 통해 선량보상 효과를 구현할 수 있는 가상 선량보상체 설계 알고리듬을 고안하고 그 타당성을 분석하였다. 선량보상체 설계를 위한 모델로서 신체표면의 굴곡을 묘사할 수 있는 스티로폼 제작물과 소형 물팬텀을 사용하였으며, 이에 대한 정보를 삼차원 방사선치료계획장치에 입력하고, 주어진 조건하에서의 예상 선량분포를 구하였다 이를 기준으로 가상 선량보상체 구현에 필요한 플루언스 지도를 작성하고, 이를 구현할 수 있는 다엽콜리메터의 구동 프로그램을 설계하였다 다엽콜리메타 구동 알고리듬은 Ma의 이론을 근거로 설계하였으며, 모든 프로그램은 IDL5.4를 사용하여 작성하였다. 설계된 가상 선량보상체의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 선량보상체를 적용하였을 때와 적용하지 않았을 경우 각각에 대해 팬텀에 장착한 필름에 방사선을 조사한 후 그 선량분포를 비교, 분석하였으며 그 결과, 가상 선량보상체를 적용하였을 경우 적용하지 않았을 시 보였던 조직결손에 의한 높은 선량분포 영역이 제거되어 목적하고자 한 균일한 선량분포를 구현할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2005

고속 중성자 조사한 원자로 압력 용기의 취하현상을 상온에서 X-선 회절 실험과 액체 질손 온도에서 M$\ "{o}$ssbauer 분광법으로 조사하였다. 시료의 중성자 조사량은 $10^{12},\;10^{13},\;10^{14},\;10^{15},\;10^{16},\;10^{17},\;10^{18}\;n/{\cal}cm^2$이다. X-선 회절 패턴에서 중성자 조사하지 않은 시료는 bcc 형태를 나타내었으나, 중성자 조사량이 $10^{17}\;n/{\cal}cm^2$ 이상인 시료에서는 bcc 구조가 사라지는 심각한 손상을 보였다. 모든 시료의 $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ 스펙트럼은 두개 혹은 그 이상의 sextet의 중첩을 보였다. 모든 $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ 스펙트럼은 본문에서는 3조의 sextet로 fitting 하였다. 이성질체 이동치와 사중극자 분열치는 거의 영에 가까운 값을 나타내었다. 액체 질소 온도에서 중성자 조사량이 $10^{17}\~10^{18}\;n/{\cal}cm^2$인 시료에서 S1 sextet의 초미세 자기장과 흡수 면적이 급격히 상승하는 현상을 관측하였으며, 상온에서 또한 이 현상을 관측하였다. 이는 중성자 조사에 의한 시료 내부의 $^{55}Mn$ 혹은 $^{56}Fe$이 $^{57}Fe$의 천이에 의한 $^{57}Fe$의 $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ 핵종의 증가에 기인하는 것으로 추측된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1993

중성자 측정장비 교정을 위한 표준중성자장을 제작하기 위하여 순수멕스월분포(kt=1.42MeV)로부터 $^{252}Cf$ 자발핵분열 중성자선원의 밀봉이 교정인자에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. SR-Cf-100과 SR-Cf-1273 밀봉모형을 실제 제작조건으로 하여 MCNP 코드를 사용하여 몬테카를로 모의를 수행하여, 비등방성교정인자와 선속밀도-대-선량당량 환산인자를 산정하였고, 다른 연구결과와 비교하였다. 결과로서, $FI({\theta}=90^{\circ})$는 1.061(통계오차 : ${\pm}0.2%$), $H/{\Phi}$는 $333.9(pSv\;cm^2)$ (통계오차 : ${\pm}0.5%$)인 것으로 산정되었다. 이 환산인자$(H/{\Phi})$의 값은 ISO 8529의 권고보다 1.8%가 작은 것인데, 이것은 한국원자력연구소의 비감속 $^{252}Cf$중성자선원의 스펙트럼이 ISO의 것보다 약간 더 연화하다는 물리적 의미를 갖는다.