• 제목/요약/키워드: fludioxonil

검색결과 48건 처리시간 0.027초

몇 가지 살균제의 벼 키다리병과 병원균에 대한 효과 검정 (The Controlling Activity of Several Fungicides against Rice Bakanae Disease Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi in Five Assay Methods)

  • 신명욱;이수민;이용환;강효중;김흥태
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.168-176
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    • 2008
  • 최근 국내의 벼 포장에서는 키다리병의 발생률이 크게 증가하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 키다리병 방제에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 살균제를 검정하고자, 5가지의 검정법을 이용하여 17종 살균제의 효과를 조사하였다. Prochloraz는 5가지의 검정법 모두에서 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었지만, 동일한 ergosterol 생합성을 저해하는 다른 살균제 중에서 온실 검정과 Komada 배지상에서의 균검출율을 조사한 $500\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$의 hexaconazole과 triflumizole을 제외하고 나머지의 효과는 매우 저조하였다. Benomyl과 benomyl/thiram의 혼합제는 100과 $500\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$를 처리한 포자발아와 pouch 검정법에서 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. Trifloxystrobin과 kresoxim-methyl의 $20\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$에서 소독한 종자는 균검출율이 크게 낮아졌으며, thiram 역시 $100\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$의 소독 처리에서 병원균이 검출되는 종자의 비율이 감소하였다. Fludioxonil 역시 포자발아, Komada 배지에서의 균검출율, pouch 검정 등에서 우수한 효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 살균제의 작용기작과 특성에 맞추어 검정 방법을 결정하는 것이 중요하다는 사실을 보여주고 있다고 생각한다.

다류에 존재하는 잔류농약 노출 안전성 평가 (The Exposure Risk Assessment of Residual Pesticides in Tea)

  • 김재관;오문석;김기유;김영수;손미희;배호정;강충원;박용복;윤미혜;이정복;정주연
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.28-35
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    • 2011
  • 안산 및 수원시에서 유통 중인 다류 19품목(감잎차, 국화차, 녹차, 라벤더차, 로즈마리차, 민들레차, 보이차, 뽕잎차, 수국차, 자스민차, 나미향차(찹쌀차), 메밀차, 쑥차, 연화차, 오룡차, 용정차, 장미차, 철관음차, 화과차)을 대상으로 218종의 농약 잔류실태를 조사하였다. 조사대상 65건 중 19건에서 15종(bifenthrin, bromopropylate, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, endosulfan, fenpropathrin, fludioxonil, fenvalerate, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, tetradifon, triazophos)의 농약이 검출돼 23.1%의 검출률을 나타냈다. 검출된 농약의 잔류량은 0.01~1.24 mg/kg으로 대부분 잔류허용기준 이하로 나타났으나 보이차(2006 년산) 1건에서 bifenthrin이 기준치(0.3 mg/kg)를 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 검출된 농약 15종에 대한 위해도를 평가한 결과 EDI/ADI 값은 0.0001~0.0844%로 나타나 다류에 존재하는 잔류농약은 안전한 수준인 것으로 평가되었다.

Toxicity of Fungicides in vitro to Cylindrocarpon destructans

  • A.Monique Ziezold;Robert Hall;Richard D.Reeleder;John T.A.Proctor
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 1998
  • As part of a study on the ability of fungicides to control disappearing root rot of ginseng (Panax quinquvdius) caused by Cylindruarpn destmtans, 15 fungicides were screened for toxicity to the fungus in vitro. Highly toxic fungicides were Benlate (benomyl), Thiram (thiram), and Orbit (propiconazole). EC5O values (mg a.i./L) were less than 1 and EC95 values were less than 10. Crown (carbathiin and thiabendazole), ASC-66835 (fluazinam), and UBI-2584 (tebuconazole) were moderately toxic, with EC5O values in the range 1-10 and EC95 values in the range 32-45. Weakly toxic fungicides (EC5O in the range 20-80, EC95 in the range 35-140) included UBI-2643 (thiabendazole), UBI-2565 (cyproconazole), and Vitaflo-280 (carbathiin and thiram). Anvil (hexaconazole), Vitaflo-250 (carbathiin), UBI-2383 (triadimenol), Daconil (chlorothalonil), CGA-173506 (fludioxonil), and CGA-169374 (difeno- conazole) were considered nontoxic to C. destmtan (EC5O 1.29->600, EC95>500). Relations between proportional inhibition of growth and concentration of fungicide were linear on arithmetic plots (Benlate, UBI-2643, UBI-2565, Vitaflo-280) or logarithmic plots (all other fungicides). Based on toxicity in vitro and formulation, it is recommended that Benlate, Orbit, and ASC-66835 be tested as soil drenches, and Benlate, Thiram, UBI-2584, and Crown be tested as seed treatments for controlling disappearing root rot.

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Selection of KYC 3270, a Cellulolytic Myxobacteria of Sorangium cellulosum, against Several Phytopathogens and a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Gray Mold in Stored Fruit

  • Kim, Sung-Taek;Yun, Sung-Chul
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.257-265
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    • 2011
  • During 2002-2008 in Korea, 455 extracts from myxobacteria consisting of 318 cellulolytic and 137 bacteriolytic myxobacteria were isolated, which were then screened for antifungal activity against the phytopathogens Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Penicillium sp., Pyricularia grisea, and Phytophthora capsici. 204 isolates had antifungal activity, causing both a clear zone due to blocked spore germination and inhibition of mycelial growth; most (199) were from cellulolytic (Sorangium cellulosum) and only five were from bacteriolytic myxobacteria. B. cinerea, the best controlled among the five tested pathogens, had a unique group of antifungal isolates of myxobacterial extracts compared to the other pathogens' groups. Among seventy-nine bioactive myxobacteria, four isolates, KYC 3130, KYC 3247, KYC 3248 and KYC 3270, were selected and all were cellulolytic. Liquid culture filtrates of these four myxobacteria were applied to tomato, cherry tomato, strawberry, and kiwi fruits 5 h before inoculation with gray mold conidia; then the treated fruits were placed in an airtight container and the experiment was repeated six to eight times. Incidence (%) of gray mold on fruit of the infected control treatment was 84-98%, whereas it was only 5-21% after the KYC 3270 treatment. After KYC 3270 treatment of the four fruits, mold control was 79-95%, which was highest among the filtrates and statistically the same as treatment with fludioxonil, a registered chemical against gray mold of stored fruits.

Inhibition of the Calcineurin Pathway by Two Tannins, Chebulagic Acid and Chebulanin, Isolated from Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv.

  • Lee, Won Jeong;Moon, Jae Sun;Kim, Sung In;Kim, Young Tae;Nash, Oyekanmi;Bahn, Yong-Sun;Kim, Sung Uk
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제24권10호
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    • pp.1377-1381
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    • 2014
  • In order to discover and develop novel signaling inhibitors from plants, a screening system was established targeting the two-component system of Cryptococcus neoformans by using the wild type and a calcineurin mutant of C. neoformans, based on the counter-regulatory action of high-osmolarity glycerol (Hog1) mitogen-activated protein kinase and the calcineurin pathways in C. neoformans. Among 10,000 plant extracts, that from Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against C. neoformans var. grubii H99 with fludioxonil. Bioassay-guided fractionation was used to isolate two bioactive compounds from H. abyssinica, and these compounds were identified as chebulagic acid and chebulanin using spectroscopic methods. These compounds specifically inhibited the calcineurin pathway in C. neoformans. Moreover, they exhibited potent antifungal activities against various human pathogenic fungi with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.25 to over $64{\mu}g/ml$.

Suppression of Ripe Rot on 'Zesy002' Kiwifruit with Commercial Agrochemicals

  • Shin, Yong Ho;Ledesma, Magda;Whitman, Sonia;Tyson, Joy;Zange, Birgit;Kim, Ki Deok;Jeun, Yong Chull
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.347-355
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    • 2021
  • Ripe rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is one of the serious diseases of postharvest kiwifruit. In order to control ripe rot on Actinidia chinensis cultivar 'Zesy002', several commercial agrofungicides were selected by an antifungal test on an artificial medium. Furthermore, disease suppression by the selected fungicides was evaluated on the kiwifruit by inoculation with a conidial suspension of B. dothidea. On the artificial media containing boscalid + fludioxonil was shown to be the most effective antifungal activity. However, in the bio-test pyraclostrobin + boscalid and iminoctadinetris were the most effective agrochemicals on the fruit. On the other hand, the infection structures of B. dothidea on kiwifruit treated with pyraclostrobin + boscalid were observed with a fluorescent microscope. Most of the fungal conidia had not germinated on the kiwifruit treated with the agrochemicals whereas on the untreated fruit the fungal conidia had mostly germinated. Electron microscopy of the fine structures showed morphological changes to the conidia and branch of hyphae on the kiwifruit pre-treated with pyraclostrobin + boscalid, indicating its suppression effect on fungal growth. Based on this observation, it is suggested that ripe rot by B. dothidea may be suppressed through the inhibition of conidial germination on the kiwifruit treated with the agrochemicals.

율무에 잎마름 증상을 일으키는 Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis 및 Curvularis lunata의 종자전염 (Seed Transmission of Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata causing Leaf Blight of Job's tears )

  • 김지수;이두형
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1998
  • Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata were leaf blight fungi detected from 45 seed samples of Job's tears and B. coicis was the predominant species in seed samples followed by C. lunata, B. cynodontis and B. maydis. When the seed components were plated on test tube agar, B. coicis and C. lunata were highly detected from invelucre, glume, endosperm and stamen, but not detected from plumule. Seed infection with B. coicis casued seed rot, coleoptile blight and seedling blight of Job's tears. Conidial characteristics of leaf blight fungi were as follows; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~5 distoseptate, and 16.8-48$\times$7.2-16.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~8 distoseptate, and 16.8-72$\times$9.6-19.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; B. maydis was fusiform, brown, distintly curved, 0~10 distoseptate, and 28.8-110.4$\times$12-21.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. C. Lunata was fusiform, brown, typically curved, 0~3 distoseptate, and 7.2-24$\times$4.8-12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. B. coicis was highly pathogenic to Job's tears and corn, weakly pathogenic to rice, but not pathogenic to wheat and barley. c. lunata was highly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 2), corn, wheat and barley, weakly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 1), but not pathogenic to rice. All treatments were effective to inhibition of leaf blight fungi when carboram, benoram, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thioram, and tap water treated to infected seeds.

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UmTco1, a Hybrid Histidine Kinase Gene, Is Essential for the Sexual Development and Virulence of Ustilago maydis

  • Yun, Yeo Hong;Oh, Man Hwan;Kim, Jun Young;Kim, Seong Hwan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.1010-1022
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    • 2017
  • Hybrid histidine kinase is part of a two-component system that is required for various stress responses and pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi. The Tco1 gene in human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans encodes a hybrid histidine kinase and is important for pathogenesis. In this study, we identified a Tco1 homolog, UmTco1, in the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis by bioinformatics analysis. To explore the role of UmTco1 in the survival of U. maydis under environmental stresses and its pathogenesis, ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants were constructed by allelic exchange. The growth of ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants was significantly impaired when they were cultured under hyperosmotic stress. The ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants exhibited increased resistance to antifungal agent fludioxonil. In particular, the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants were unable to produce cytokinesis or conjugation tubes, and to develop fuzzy filaments, resulting in impaired mating between compatible strains. The expression levels of Prf1, Pra1, and Mfa1, which are involved in the pheromone pathway, were significantly decreased in the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants. In inoculation tests to the host plant, the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants showed significantly reduced ability in the production of anthocyanin pigments and tumor development on maize leaves. Overall, the combined results indicated that UmTco1 plays important roles in the survival under hyperosmotic stress, and contributes to cytokinesis, sexual development, and virulence of U. maydis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in the pheromone pathway.

Fungicide selections for control of chili pepper stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii using an agar dilution method

  • Lee, Soo Min;Min, Jiyoung;Kim, Heung Tae
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.339-347
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    • 2017
  • Sclerotium rolfsii causing southern blight on numerous vegetable and fruit crops was isolated from stems of chili peppers showing wilting symptoms. The pathogen was identified by morphological observation and DNA sequencing analysis of ITS region. To select an effective fungicide for control of southern blight, we investigated the inhibition efficacy of thirty fungicides included in nine groups of fungicides with different mechanisms of action. A fungal growth inhibition assay was conducted through an agar dilution method by using mycelial discs and sclerotia of the pathogen as inoculum, respectively. When mycelial discs were used as an inoculum, several fungicides showed good inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii 12-6. All DMI fungicides tested had a good inhibition except for prochloraz which had low inhibitory effect. All strobilurin fungicides tested except for kresoxim-methyl and all SDHI fungicides tested except for boscalid and fluopyram, had a good inhibition. Also, fludioxonil, a protective fungicide and fluazinam had a good inhibitory effect. Interestingly, when sclerotia were used as an inoculum, inhibition efficacy was increased for fluopyram, a SDHI fungicide, and for some protective fungicides such as propineb, chlorothalonil, dithianon, and folpet. All the fungicides selected in this study should be tested in the field for their control activities against stem rot for practical use in chili pepper cultivation.

국내 유통 농산물의 농약 잔류실태 모니터링 (Monitoring of Residual Pesticides in Commercial Agricultural Products in Korea)

  • 김희연;박형준;이진하;곽인신;문형실;송미혜;장영미;이명숙;박종석;이광호;윤상현
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2007
  • 서울, 경기, 인천, 강원, 충북지역에 유통되고 있는 농산물 중 다소비 농산물 및 잔류농약 부적합 이력이 높은 참나물, 취나물, 쪽파 등 23종(488건)의 농산물을 대상으로, GC/MS, GC-NPD 및 LC/MS/MS를 사용하여 동시 다성분 검사대상 농약 231종 및 methamidophos, acephate, pymetrozine 등 234종의 농약에 대해서 모니터링 검사를 실시하였다. 488건의 농산물 중 92건(18.9%)의 시료에서 농약이 검출되었으며 그중 9건(1.9%)은 국내 농약잔류 허용기준을 초과하였으며, 고춧잎과 쪽파는 50% 이상의 검출율을 나타내었다. 특히 쪽파에서는 30건의 시료 중 16건에서 농약이 검출되어 53.3%의 검출율을 나타내었으며 이 중 4건에서 농약잔류허용기준 이상의 농약이 검출되었다. 그 외에 숙갓, 취나물, 신선초, 깻잎, 적겨자 등에서 20% 이상의 농약 검출율을 나타내었으나 검출량은 대부분 농약 잔류허용기준 이하였다. 총 234종의 농약 중 42종의 농약이 1회 이상 검출되었으며, 그 중 21종의 농약은 2회 이상 검출되었다. 잔류허용기준을 초과한 농약은 iprodione, fludioxonil, cypermethrin, ethoprophos, flutolanil, lufenuron 등 6종이었으며, 초과 대상농산물은 쪽파 4건 및 취나물, 신선초, 고춧잎, 쑥갓, 팥 각 1건 등 9건이었다. 전체 검사대상 시료의 81.1%인 394건에서는 농약이 검출되지 않았고, 농약이 검출된 92건 중 83건이 농약 잔류허용기준 미만으로 검출되는 등 98.1%가 적합한 수준이었다.