• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제66권3호
• /
• pp.475-485
• /
• 2017

This paper develops a conversion function and method transforming from daily peak load curve used $LOLE_D$ [days/year] to hourly load curve used $LOLE_H$[hours/year]and describes relationship between $LOLE_D$ [days/year] and $LOLE_H$ [hours/year]. The indices can not only be transformed just arithmetically but also have different characteristics physically because of using their different load curves. The conversion function is formulated as variables of capacity and forced outage rate of generator, hourly load daily load factor and daily peak load yearly load factor, etc. Therefore, the conversion function (${\gamma}={\varphi}$(.)) can not be simple. In this study, therefore, the function is formulated as linear times of separated two functions. One is an exponential formed conversion function of daily load factor. Another is formulated with an exponential typed conversion function of daily peak load yearly load factor. Futhermore, this paper presents algorithm and flow chart for transforming from $LOLE_D$[days/year] to $LOLE_H$[hours/year]. The proposed conversion function is applied to sample system and actual KPS(Korea Power System) in 2015. The exponent coefficients of the conversion functions are assessed using proposed method. Finally, assessment errors using conversion function for case studies of sample system and actual system are evaluated to certify the firstly proposed method.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2015

This study aims to evaluate future stream flow by the operation of agricultural reservoir group at the upper stream of the Miho River. Four agricultural reservoirs with storage capacities greater than one million cubic meters within the watershed were selected, and the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario was applied to simulate reservoir water storage and stream flow assuming that there are no changes in greenhouse gas reduction. Reservoir operation scenarios were classified into four types depending on the supply of instream flow, and the water supply reliability of each reservoir in terms of water supply under different reservoir operation scenarios was analyzed. In addition, flow duration at the watershed outlet was evaluated. The results showed that the overall run-off ratio of the upper stream watershed of the Miho River will decrease in the future. The future water supply reliability of the reservoirs decreased even when they did not supply instream flow during their operation. It would also be difficult to supply instream flow during non-irrigation periods or throughout the year (January-December); however, operating the reservoir based on the operating rule curve should improve the water supply reliability. In particular, when instream flow was not supplied, high flow increased, and when it was supplied, abundant flow, ordinary flow, and low flow increased. Drought flow increased when instream flow was supplied throughout the year. Therefore, the operation of the agricultural reservoirs in accordance with the operating rule curve is expected to increase stream flow by controlling the water supply to cope with climate change.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.885-895
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was evaluated on achievement of the Target water quality (TWQ) with Load Duration Curve (LDC) as well as materials collected through the implementation of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), targeting 41 unit watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin in korea, and examines the adequacy of the LDC method to evaluate the TWQ by comparing methods through current regulations. It aims to provide basic materials for TMDL development in Korea. This determination resulted from the fact that the measured data placed on the LDC mean that they are beyond TWQ in a certain condition of water flow when actually measured load values were displayed in a form of LDC. In addition to water quality surveys, it is considered that information on the level of damage in a water body by water flow grade can be utilized as a basic material to identify compliance with the total admitted quantity, and establish rational plans to improve water quality. This information helps in the identification of the degree of damage in water quality according to water flow.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.481-496
• /
• 2019

The Ministry of Environment has measured streamflow at eight-day intervals for the estimation of standard flow of the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) system. This study identified the availability of the partially measured the eight-day interval data for estimating standard flow and found the optimal extension techniques of standard flow. The study area was selected for the Nakbon-A watershed in the Nakdong River, and four streamflow record extension techniques of standard flow were considered: extension, percentile, drainagearea, and regional regression methods. The flow duration curve (FDC) using the eight-day interval streamflow data indicated very high Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values above 90 % from FDC-II to FDC-VII compared to FDC-VIII, the standard FDC. This result demonstrates that FDC using daily data of three-six cumulative years could represent standard FDC fairly well. For the streamflow record extension techniques of standard flow, the percentile method was selected as the optimal alternative, showing the minimal difference from FDC-VIII. These results validate the availability of the eight-day interval streamflow data in the standard flow estimation and the application of extension techniques. It seems that these results could reduce the uncertainty of partially measured streamflow data for water quantity and quality management.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.195-198
• /
• 2000

This paper illustrates a new method for constructing composite power system effective load duration curve(CMELDC) at load points. The main concept of proposed method is that the CMELDC can be obtain from convolution integral processing of the outage probabilistic distribution function of not supplied power and the load duration curve given at each load point. The effective load duration curve (ELDC) at HLI plays an important part in probabilistic production simulation, reliability evaluation, outage cost assessment and power supply margins assesment for power system planning and operation. And also, the CMELDC at HLII will extend the application areas of outage cost assessment and reliability evaluation at each load point. The CMELDC at load points using the Monte Carlo method and a DC load flow constrained LP have already been developed by authors. The effective load concept at HLII, however, has not been introduced sufficiently in last paper although the concept is important. In this paper, the main concept of the effective load at HLII which is proposed in this study is defined in details as the summation of the original load and the probabilistic loads caused by the forced outage of generators and transmission lines at this load point. The outage capacity probabilistic distribution function at HLII can be obtained by combining the not supplied powers and the probabilities of the not supplied powers at this load point. It si also expected that the proposed CMELDC can be applied usefully to research areas such as reliability evaluation, probabilistic production cost simulation and analytical outage cost assessment, etc. at HLII in future. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by case study of IEEE-RTS.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2016

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) System has been used to improve water quality in the Youngsan·Tamjin river basin since 2004. The Basic Policy of TMDLs sets up the standard flow based on the average dry condition or mid-range flow during the last 10 years. However, Target Water Quality (TWQ) assessment on TMDLs has been used to evaluate water quality through eight-day intervals over 36 times a year. The results for allocation evaluation and target water quality evaluation were different from each other in the same unit watershed during the first period. In order to improve the evaluation method, researchers applied Load Duration Curve (LDC) to evaluate water quality in nine unit watersheds of the Youngsan·Tamjin river basin. The results showed that achievement rates of TWQ assessment with the current method and LDC were 67~100% and 78~100%, respectively. Approximately 11% of the achievement rates with use of LDC were higher than those with use of the current method. In conclusion, it is necessary to review the application of the LDC method in all Four Major River Watersheds.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2019

장기간 유량측정과 수질분석은 수질오염총량관리제도 유역의 목표수질과 허용 부하량을 결정하기 위하여 필요하다. 목표수질 달성여부를 평가하는데 사용되는 부하지속곡선은 유량과 수질간의 관계를 설명하고, 유량조건별 오염부하량 특성을 평가한다. 경안천의 부하지속곡선은 경안천 목표수질과 2006년부터 2015년까지 연평균 8일 간격으로 측정한 유량자료를 이용한 유량지속곡선에 의해서 작성되었다. 연구결과 경안천은 갈수량 구간에서 목표수질을 초과하여 점오염원에 대한 관리가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 연중 3월에서 6월 사이의 기간 동안에만 목표수질을 초과하는 것으로 나타나 이 기간 동안 경안천의 목표수질을 달성하기 위한 체계적인 유역 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2010

Objectives : To characterize the thermal properties of traditional warm needle and new warm needle with various air flows as an important environmental factor and to suggest the necessity of maintaining suitable environment of clinics to maximize their efficacy. Methods : We measured the temperature characteristics of traditional moxa warm needle and new moxa charcoal warm needle by applying an automatic temperature acquisition system with thermocouples while external various air flows were supplied. Temperatures of two positions at the needle body were measured while a moxa cone burned. Typical temperature characteristics like peak temperature, duration, curve shape and the efficiency of the heat stimuli by heat amount analysis were executed. Results : Both warm needles showed similar temperature curve with an increase in the air flow. Peak temperature and duration of effective heat decreased with the air flow, as shown in indirect moxibustion on garlic. The temperature change pattern by the air flow became more apparent when the total combustion heat was compared with the effective heat. The values from two positions on the needle body were significantly different, showing a distance dependency from the heat source of warm needle acupuncture. Conclusions : Thermal properties of warm needle acupuncture was observed variously with surrounding air flow of 0.0 - 0.7 m/s. It emphasized the importance of environmental control as well as the warm needle itself such as heat source and needle. The latter has already been known to deliver designated heat to subjects. It also indicated the importance of education and skill of the practitioners of warm needle acupuncture.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 제한된 수자원 부존량을 효율적으로 사용하고 각 댐의 저류량, 수요에 대한 용수공급량 및 하천유지용수를 최대화하기 위해 댐 상 하류간의 연계운영 모형을 이용하여 연계운영 효과를 분석하고 댐과 보의 최적 연계운영을 통한 하류단의 수문학적 거동 특성 변화를 검토하여 댐운영 개선방안 도출 등 다양한 하천관리 개선 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 대상유역은 신뢰성 높은 수문자료를 획득 가능한 금강 수계 유역으로 하였으며 수문자료는 순물소모량을 감안한 '67~'06년(40개년) 유입량(수자원장기종합계획, 2006)을 유역의 일유입량으로 변경하여 적용하였다. 연계운영 시 네트워크상에서 용수공급 가능한 범위는 연평가시 95%를 만족하는 신뢰도를 적용하였으며 기존에 건설된 용담, 대청댐에 의해 구해진 저수지수는 0.292로 산정되었고 향후 추가될 금남, 금강, 부여보에 의해 재산출된 저수지수는 0.297로 나타났다. 결과적으로 29.2%를 저류할 수 있는 상태에서 보가 추가되면서 29.7%로 저류량이 증가됨을 나타낸다. 규암지점의 유황변동특성을 분석한 결과, 각 단계가 증가할수록 저수량 $Q_{275}$과 갈수량 $Q_{355}$은 증가하고 풍수량 $Q_{95}$과 평수량 $Q_{185}$은 감소하여 대상지점의 유황이 전반적으로 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 특히, 갈수량의 경우 댐과 보에 의해 통제가 되지 않은 수치 보다 댐-보연계 시 $16.3m^3/s$ 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 자연상태의 유황보다 댐연계 및 댐-보 연계운영에 의해서 유황이 안정되고 이로 인해 안정적으로 이용할 수 있는 용수가 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제31권2B호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 개발이전의 도시하천 유황을 복원시키기 위한 유수지 및 침투기반 저류지의 복합설계기법이 적용된다. 적용된 기법은 NRCS-CN 강우유출수 산정기법을 근간으로 하고 있으며, 이로부터 침투기반 저류지 및 유수지의 크기가 온천천 유역을 대상으로 결정된다. 이 때, 강우유출수 관리시설을 설계하기 위한 대상지역은 온천천 유역 중 해발 70 m 이하의 도시화 지역으로 제한하였다. 적용 결과 제안된 기법은 온천천 유역의 개발 이전의 유황을 재현하는데 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.