• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.847-853
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• 1997

Although the effects of adenosine on the heart, including the clinical suppression of cardiac arrhythmias, have been recognized for more than half a century, it is only in the last decade that the therapeutic potential of adenosine has been recognized. The objective of this study was to determine if augmentation of myocardial adenosine levels during global ischemia improves functional recovery after reperfusion. We used to modified Langendonf system to evaluate myocardial protective effect. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 90 minutes of deep hypothermic arrest(15$^{\circ}C$) with modified St. Thomas'Hospital cardioplegic solution used to provide myocardial protection. Myocardial adenosine levels were augmented during ischemia by providing exogenous adenosine in the cardioplegic solution. Two groups of hearts w re studied: (1) control group(n=10) cardioplegia alone; (2) adenosine group(n=10) adenosine(0.75mg/kg/min) added to the cardioplegic solution. Significantly better percent recovery(p<0.01) in hemodynamics(except heart rate) at 60 minutes after reperfusion was evident compared to baseline values in the adenosine group. (systolic no란ic pressure : 78.5$\pm$3.6% vs 66.6$\pm$5.9%, airtic overflow volume : 61.7$\pm$ 11.6% vs 37.2$\pm$ 15.4%, coronary flow volume 77.1$\pm$7.5% vs 57.2$\pm$ 11.1%, and cardiac output : 65.6$\pm$ 11.5% vs 44.2$\pm$ 12.4%). Heart rate was similar in two groups(94.4$\pm$4.8% vs 95.3 $\pm$ 6.8%). Adenosine groups resulted in significantly rapid recovery time of heart beat after reperEusion(p<0.01) (24.5$\pm$7.6 sec. vs 179.0$\pm$ 131.1sec.). In biochemical study, CPK levels(0.1 $\pm$0.3U/L vs 1.4$\pm$0.8U/L) and lactic acid levels(0.08$\pm$0.Immol/L vs 0.34$\pm$0.2 mmol/L) were significantly low in adenosine groups(p<0.01). We concluded that adenosine included cardioplegia have better recovery effects after r perfusion in myocardial ischemia compared to adenosine free cardioplegia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.596-599
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• 2004

The robotic $CO_2$ welding is a manufacturing process to produce high quality joints for metal and it could provide a capability of full automation to enhance productivity. Despite the widespread use in the various manufacturing industries, the full automation of the robotic $CO_2$ welding has not yet been achieved partly because the mathematical model for the process parameters of a given welding task is not fully understood and quantified. Several mathematical models to control welding quality, productivity, microstructure and weld properties in arc welding processes have been studied. However, it is not an easy task to apply them to the various practical situations because the relationship between the process parameters and the bead geometry is non-linear and also they are usually dependent on the specific experimental results. Practically, it is difficult, but important to know how to establish a mathematical model that can predict the result of the actual welding process and how to select the optimum welding condition under a certain constraint. In this research, an attempt has been made to develop an intelligent algorithm to predict the weld geometry (top-bead width, top-bead height, back-bead width and back-bead height) as a function of key process parameters in the robotic $CO_2$welding. To achieve this above objective, Taguchi method was employed using five different process parameters (tip gap, gas flow rate, welding speed, arc current, welding voltage) as a guide for optimization of process parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 1992

Recently a non-electronic, disposable and portable infusor, Baxter $Infusor^{(R)}$, has developed for delivering not only a continuous drug infusion but also extradoses of medication on a demand basis. The present study examined the impact of two methods of pain management on recovery in 20 patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery for stomach cancer. One group, 10 patients, received IV meperidine in the recovery room and IM meperidine on the ward on a PRN basis(PRN group). In the other group, 10 patients, a loading dose of nalbuphine 0.1mg/kg was given when the patient first complained of pain in the recovery room and patient controlled analgesia with IV nalbuphine, 0.5mg/kg day for continuous infusion, was initiated and continued for 72 hours(PCA group). The devices for PCA group was Baxter Infusor with patient control module which had flow rate 0.5ml/hr and lockout time was 15 min. As results of this study, the patients of PCA group get less pain than PRN group on operation day, the first and second days after surgery. VAPS values are $6.47{\pm}1.64$ vs $4.44{\pm}1.38$, $5.02{\pm}1.22$ vs $2.62{\pm}0.93$ and $3.22{\pm}1.47$ vs $2.02{\pm}0.71$ respectively pertaining to PRN and PCA groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, PCA group with IV nalbuphine provided more effective postoperative analgesia than PRN group with conventional meperidine IM.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.845-851
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• 1998

In order to manage the water quality from the flowing streams in Cheju Island, the characteristics of water quality was investigated from August, 1996 to May, 1997 and the pollutant loadings for future were estimated from the watershed at each stream. Comparing the mean concentrations of each water quality with the criterion of water quality in river, it was under I class except for Changgo Stream, for DO, under I class at the whole station for SS and under II class for BOD. As the pollutant loadings at each stream in 2020 is compared with those in 1996, the estimated results are as follows : 1) for BOD, 59% at Donghong Stream, 24% at Yeonoe Stream, 44% at Ohngpo Stream and 57% at Changgo Stream. 2) for T-N, 91% at Donghong Stream, 76% at Yeonoe Stream, 63% at Ohngpo Stream and 89% at Changgo Stream. 3) for T-P, 69% at Donghong Stream, 42% at Yeonoe Stream, 45% at Ohngpo Stream and 73% at Changgo Stream. The point source loadings discharged through combined sewer could be treated at sewage treatment plant. However, the expected slow decreasing rate of BOD, T-N, and T-P loadings is due to the part of untreated nonpoint source loadings. Nonpoint source loading overflow typically occurs when the flow of stormwater combined with sewage exceeds the capacity of the interceptor sewers. Since most of the sewers used in Cheju Island are the combined sewers, the combined overflow sewage is bypassed into the receiving water area after a rainstorm. Therefore, a means to control nonpoint source loadings should be considered for the river and marine water quality management.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

Background: Direct impact of inorganic carbon (i.e., carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)) on the periphyton community is important to understand how and to what extent atmospheric conditions can affect the structure and dynamics of these communities in lotic systems. We investigated the influence of elevated $CO_2$ concentration on the periphyton community in the artificially constructed channels during the winter period. The channels made of acrylic paneling were continuously supplied with surface water discharged from a small reservoir, which was supported with ground water, at a flow rate of 5 L/min, and water temperature ranging $4-5^{\circ}C$. The effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentrations (790 ppm) were evaluated in comparison with the control (395 ppm $CO_2$) by analyzing pH, water carbon content and nutrients in water, periphyton composition and biomass, chlorophyll-a, ash-free dry-matter at 2-day intervals for 10 days. Results: After the addition of $CO_2$, significant decreases of pH, $NH_3-N$, and $PO_4-P$ (p < 0.05) and increases of chlorophyll-a, ash-free dry-matter, and the cell density of periphyton (p < 0.01) were observed, whereas the species composition of periphyton and water carbon content did not change. Conclusions: These results suggest that elevated $CO_2$ in flowing water system with low temperature could facilitate the growth of periphyton resulting in biomass increase, which could further influence water quality and the consumers throughout the food web.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.959-971
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• 2007

The three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model was applied to estimate the autochthonous COD caused by production of phytoplankton in Jinhae Bay. A residual current was simulated, using a hydrodynamic model, to have a sightly complicated pattern in the inner part of the bay, ranging from 0.001 to 5 cm/s. In the outer part of the bay, the simulated current flowed out to the south sea with a southward flow at a maximum of 25 cm/s. The results of the ecological model simulation of COD levels showed high concentrations, exceeding 4 mg/L, in the inner bay of Masan, an area of wastewater discharge, and lower levels, approaching less than 1 mg/L, closer to the outer part of the bay. The simulation results of Autochthonous COD by two methods using ecological modeling, showed high ratio over 70% of total COD. Therefore, it is more important to consider nutrients than organic matters in the region for control COD standard.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2011

The performance of peripheral devices is improving rapidly to meet the needs of users for multimedia data. Therefore, the peripheral interface with wide bandwidth and high transmission rate becomes necessary to handle large amounts of data in real time for multiple high-performance devices. PCI Express is a fast serial interface with the use of packets that are compatible with previous PCI and PCI-X. In this paper, we design and verify general peripheral interface using serial link. It includes two kinds of traffic class (TC) labels which are mapped to virtual channels (VC). The design adopts TC/VC mapping and the scheme of arbitration by priority. The design uses a packet which can be transmitted through up to four transmission lanes. The design of general peripheral interface is described in Verilog HDL and verified using ModelSim. For FPGA verification, Xilinx ISE and SPARTAN XC3S400 are used.We used Synopsys Design Compiler as a synthesis tool and the used library was MagnaChip 0.35um technology.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

The number of pedestrians is considered essential information which can be used to control a person who makes a entrance or a exit into a building. The number of pedestrians, also, can be used to help to manage pedestrian traffic and the volume of pedestrian flow within the building. Due to the fact there is incorrect detection by occluded, shadows, and illumination, however, difficulty can arise in existing system which is for detection and counts of a person who makes a entrance or a exit into a building. In this paper, it is minimized that the change of illumination and the effect of shadow through the transmitted image from camera which is created and processed with great adaptability. The accuracy of the calculations can be increase as well by using Kalman Filter and Mean-Shift Algorithm in order to avoid overlapped counts. As a result of the test, it is proved that the count method that shows the accuracy of 95.4% should be effective for detection and counts.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 2014

Software birthmarks are used to detect software plagiarism. For binaries, however, only a few birthmarks have been developed. In this paper, we propose a static approach to generate API sequences along major paths, which are analyzed from control flow graphs of the binaries. Since our API sequences are extracted along the most plausible paths of the binary codes, they can represent actual API sequences produced from binary executions, but in a more concise form. Our similarity measures use the Smith-Waterman algorithm that is one of the popular sequence alignment algorithms for DNA sequence analysis. We evaluate our static path-based API sequence with multiple versions of five applications. Our experiment indicates that our proposed method provides a quite reliable similarity birthmark for binaries.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.605-616
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• 2020

Obfuscation technology delays the analysis of a program by modifying internal logic such as data structure and control flow while maintaining the program's functionality. However, the application of such obfuscation technology to malicious code frequently occurs to reduce the detection rate of malware in antivirus software. The obfuscation technology applied to protect software intellectual property is applied to the malicious code in reverse, which not only lowers the detection rate of the malicious code but also makes it difficult to analyze and thus makes it difficult to identify the functionality of the malicious code. The study of reverse obfuscation techniques that can be closely restored should also continue. This paper analyzes the characteristics of obfuscated code with the option of Pack the Output File and Import Protection among detailed obfuscation technologies provided by VMProtect 3.4.0, a popular tool among commercial obfuscation tools. We present a de-obfuscation algorithm.