• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

This study was executed to investigate the effects of drinking deep sea water treated by reverse osmosis process (RO-DSW) on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, relative weight of lymphoid organs and the concentration of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in broiler chickens. A total of 200 one day old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were equally and randomly distributed into 10 ground floor pens (20 chicks per pen, 5 pens per treatment) bedded with rice-husks. The broilers were offered either fresh tap water (Control) or RO-DSW for 28 days (from d 6 to d 33) as the drinking water. The same basal phase 1 diet for first 2 weeks and phase 2 diet for last 2 weeks were offered ad libitum to the birds. The RO-DSW was prepared by diluting 1:20 ratio with deionized water before offering to chickens. The diet for control birds was supplemented with 0.21 % of food-grade salt to satisfy salt need of the birds. Broiler feeding study resulted that there were no differences in amount of water consumption, mortality and FCR between RO-DSW and control chickens. However, feed intake and body weight gain were increased (p<0.05) by RO-DSW drinking. There was no (p>0.05) difference in nutrients utilizability between RO-DSW and fresh water drinking. There were no (p>0.05) differences in the immune response between the control and treatment group. The serum IgG levels were 3.01 vs 2.87 mg/ml and the relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were 0.23, 0.18 and 0.20 vs. 0.20, 0.17 and 0.14 for RO-DSW vs. control birds, respectively. The immune responses were tended to be improved by RO-DSW drinking. This study showed an improvement in weight gain and feed intake that could be induced by RO-DSW drinking, although it is difficult to explain the reasons of the improvement at this moment. This study implied that RO-DSW could be successfully used as drinking water to broiler chickens.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.119-125
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• 2020

Research on high-attenuation concrete for the vibration reduction performance by mixing epoxy-based synthetic resins and aggregates is actively being conducted. The curing time of high-attenuation concrete is very short because water is not used, and the physical and dynamic properties are very excellent. therefore, it is expected to be widely used in building structures requiring reduction of interior-floor noise and vibration. Furthermore, A way to expand the applicability of the high-damping concrete mixed with polymer in the field of reinforcement material have been variously studied. In order to replace polymer concrete with ordirnary concrete and existing anti-vibration reinforcement material, it is necessary to review overall vibration reduction performance considering physical properties, dynamic properties, productivity and field applicability. In this study, the physical and dynamic properties of polymer concrete by epoxy mixing ratio compared with ordirnary concrete. As a result, the elastic modulus was similar. On the other hand, polymer concrete for the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths was quite more excellent. In particular, the measured tensile strength of polymer concrete was 4-10 times higher than that of ordirnary concrete. it was a big difference, and the frequency response function and damping ratio was studied through modal test and finite element analysis model. The dynamic stiffness of polymer concrete was 20% greater than that of ordirnary concrete, and the damping ratio of polymer concrete was approximately 3 times more than that of ordirnary concrete.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the analysis on space usage of delivery departments in regional public hospitals. The results intention is to achieve improvement of the delivery environment for the mothers and newborns regarding exposure prevention and efficient infection control. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for architectural plans and guidelines for the delivery department. Method: The investigation and analysis were based on research papers, legal systems, public medical statistical data, and the architectural floor plan drawing. For research, 20 regional public hospitals with an operating delivery room were excluded. Regarding data accessibility, 15 regional public hospitals were selected. Results: To overcome the increased vulnerability of the delivery department, the research results of basic data is provided for the establishment to address urgent needs and rapid response. Thus, the research results are as follows: Firstly, the delivery department needs to respond promptly according to the type of patients. For example, in a case of emergency surgery, a connected circulation plan with the related departments is needed. Secondly, for the environment of the delivery area, alleviating anxiety is imperative for pregnant patients and guardians, labor, childbirth, and recovery. Therefore, these needs must be addressed for treatment space and circulation. Lastly, the delivery department is classified into three areas for analysis: access area, treatment area, and support area. In most of the delivery departments of the 15 selected hospitals, there is no space for the access and support area except for the labor and delivery rooms in the treatment area. For the access area, a waiting area, changing room for pregnant women and guardians, and a storage space for contaminated linens are required for infection prevention, safety, and efficiency. For the treatment area, childbirth processes and circulation should have space reserved for labor, delivery, recovery, examination, and treatment. In preparation for an emergency during childbirth, emergency response measures and supporting space needs to be established. For the support area, circulation and rooms are to be designed for medical staff support, activity space, storage and transportation of equipment, and urgent medical treatment. Implications: Along with the low fertility rate and the decrease of medical institutions that operate delivery departments, for the purpose of establishing a public medical service system and a healthy medical environment for mothers and newborns, the researched information demonstrates basic data on space plan of delivery departments in regional public hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.224-238
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to confirm the physicochemical property and hazard of thinner (012), which is a diluent of enamel paint used for floor coating for waterproofing and oil painting for the outer wall. The literatures of physicochemical property and hazard of thinner were surveyed and its physicochemical property were evaluated. And then, the inhalation toxicity of thinner affecting the central nervous system and reproductive organs in rats were examined by subchronic (6 h./day. 5 days/ week for 13 weeks) inhalation test. 1) According to the 13-week subchronic inhalation test, there were no significant changes in clinical test and body weight. However, a significant evidence of toxicity was observed in the hematological test and organ weight such as heart, kidney, liver and brain (p<0.01) in the 200 ppm and 1,000 ppm exposure groups in a dose response manner. In the histopathology analysis, there were no significant evidence of toxicity. Therefore, thinner was not classified as an organ targeted toxic agent. In case of Harmfulness, it could be classified as a chronic toxic agent 3($500 ppm/4hr, rat). 2) The reproductive toxicity such as extension of the period of estrous cycle, reduction of serum estradiol concentration and increase of frequency of the abnormal sperm was observed in the 1,000 ppm exposed animals. 3) The result of the physicochemical property of the test material showed that the specific gravity was 0.793, boiling point $155.8^{\circ}C$, steam pressure 2.1 kPa, ignition point $34.5^{\circ}C$, and spontaneous ignition point $280^{\circ}C$. The endothermic and exothermic values were 371.4 J/g and 159.1 J/g. respectively. The explosion limit was 214 mg/l. These data showed that thinner could be classified as an explosion agent level 1.2 and ignitive liquid agent 3 ($23-60^{\circ}C$) according to the notification No. 2008-1 of the Labor Ministry, "Classifying Standard of Chemical Materials."

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2012

Dynamic response measurements from natural excitation were carried out for three 18-story office buildings to determine their inherent properties. The beam-column frame system was adopted as a typical structural form, but a core wall was added to resist the lateral force more effectively, resulting in a mixed configuration. To extract modal parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios from a series of vibration records at each floor, the most advanced operational system identification methods based on frequency- and time-domain like FDD, pLSCF and SSI were applied. Extracted frequencies and mode shapes from the different identification methods showed a greater consistency for three buildings, however the three lower frequencies extracted were 1.2 to 1.7 times as stiff as those obtained using the initial FE models. Comparing the extracted fundamental periods with those estimated from the code equations and FE analysis, the FE analysis results showed the most flexible behavior, and the most simple equation that considers the building height as the only parameter correlated fairly well with test results. It is recognized that such a discrepancy arises from the fact that the present tests exclude the stiffness decreasing factors like concrete cracking, while the FE models ignore the stiffness increasing factors, such as the contribution of non-structural elements and the actual material properties used.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2011

In this study, an optimization method using multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA) has been proposed to develop a fuzzy control algorithm that can effectively control a smart tuned mass damper(TMD). A 76-story benchmark building subjected to wind load was selected as an example structure. The smart TMD consists of 100kN MR damper and the natural period of the smart TMD was tuned to the first mode natural period of the example structure. Damping force of MR damper is controlled to reduce the wind-induced responses of the example structure by a fuzzy logic controller. Two input variables of the fuzzy logic controller are the acceleration of 75th floor and the displacement of the smart TMD and the output variable is the command voltage sent to MR damper. Multi-objective genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) was used for optimization of the fuzzy logic controller and the acceleration of 75th story and the displacement of the smart TMD were used as objective function. After optimization, a series of fuzzy logic controllers which could appropriately reduce both wind responses of the building and smart TMD were obtained. Based on numerical results, it has been shown that the control performance of the smart TMD is much better than that of the passive TMD and it is even better than that of the sample active TMD in some cases.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.85
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Post-tensioned Precast concrete System(PPS) consists of U-shaped precast wide beams and concrete column. The continuity of beam-column joint is provided with floor concrete cast on the PC shell beam and post-tensioning. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the response of PPS interior beam-column joint subjected to cyclic lateral loading. To this end, an experimental investigation was performed with three half-scale specimens of interior connection. The design parameters are the amount of beam reinforcement placed inside the joint core. The test results showed that cracks were distributed well without my significant degradation of strength and ductility. Also, it was found that the prestressing may affect to alter the torsional crack angle. And the specimens sufficiently resist up to limiting drift ratio of 0.035 in accordance with the provisional by ACl of acceptance criteria for concrete special moment frames.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4266-4276
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• 2012

This study intend to analysis the main issue of deterioration of old housing complex for reproduction and derive the solution. Most of existing reproduction of hosing complex pushed to improve residential environment or expected rise real estate in value. For that reason, there was a limit to improve social problem of urban area behind hosing complex and surrounding area. Because government propel to make brand of city, have parking facilities and rise floor space index rather than established reproduction plan based on the aging problem of housing complex. Therefore, city need to deduct major reproduction issue to improve aging problem and prepare effective counterplan in complex and surround area by reproduction. This study progress through three steps of research. First, arrange problem of aging complex and way of response sustainably. Second, understand the importance by group toward improvement and aging problem that appear aging apartment complex through survey and opinion of expert. Third, comprehend major reproduction issue over this.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.293-303
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• 2002

Recently, the use of the high strength materials and development of construction techniques have resulted in more flexible and longer spanning in the stadium systems. So the natural frequency of stadium structures are became low. Stadium stand could be led to significant dynamic response as like resonance due to spectator rhythmical activities. The accurate analysis of dynamic behavior of stadium systems and the precise investigation of the dynamic loads on stadium structures are demanded for effective design. It is desirable to apply measured dynamic loads created by spectator activities because these dynamic loads are not easy to express numerical formula. As the floor mesh of stadium stand is refined, the number of divided elements increases in numerical analysis. the rise of the number of elements makes the numbers of nodal points increased and numerous computer memory required. So it is difficult to analysis refine full model of stadium structures by using the commercial programs. In this study, the various dynamic loads induced by spectator movements are measured and analyzed. And a new modeling method that reduce the nodal points are introduced. Vibration analysis of stadium stands is executed to inspect accuracy and efficiency of proposed method in this paper.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2008

Dynamic response measurements from natural excitation were carried out for 25- and 42-story buildings to evaluate their inherent properties, such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. Both are reinforced concrete buildings adopting a core wall, or with shear walls as the major lateral force resisting system, but frames are added in the plan or elevation. In particular, shear walls in a 25-story building are converted to frames from the 4th floor level downwards while maintaining a core wall throughout, resulting in a fairly complex structure. Due to this, along with similar stiffness characteristics in the principal directions, significantly coupled and closely spaced modes of motion are expected in this building, making identification rather difficult. By using various state-of-the-art system identification methods, the modal parameters are extracted, and the results are then compared. Three frequency-domain and four time-domain based operational modal identification methods are considered. Overall, all natural frequencies and damping ratios estimated from the different identification methods showed a greater consistency for both buildings, while mode shapes exhibited some degree of discrepancy, varying from method to method. On the other hand, in comparison with analysis results obtained using the initial finite element(FE) models, test results exhibited a significant difference of about doubled frequencies, at least for the three lower modes in both buildings. To improve the correlation between test and analysis, a few manual schemes of FE model updating based on plausible reasons have been applied, and acceptable results are obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of each identification method used are addressed, and some difficulties that might arise from the updating of FE models, including automatic procedures, for such large structures are carefully discussed.