• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.141-150
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• 2008

In this mobile computing environment, data broadcasting is widely used to resolve the problem of limited power and bandwidth of mobile equipments. Most previous broadcast indexing methods concentrate on flat data. However. with the growing popularity of XML, an increasing amount of information is being stored and exchanged in the XML format. We propose a novel indexing method. called TOP tree(Tree Ordering based Path summary tree), for indexing XML document on mobile broadcast environments. TOP tree is a path summary tree which provides a concise structure summary at group level using global IDs and element information at local level using local IDs. Based on the TOP tree representation, we suggest a broadcast stream generation and query Processing method that efficiently handles not only simple Path queries but also multiple path queries. We have compared our indexing method with other indexing methods. Evaluation results show that our approaches can effectively improve the access time and tune-in time in a wireless broadcasting environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2022

The subthreshold swing (SS) of an asymmetric junctionless double gate (AJLDG) MOSFET is analyzed by the use of Gaussian function. In the asymmetric structure, the thickness of the top/bottom oxide film and the flat-band voltages of top gate (V_fbf) and bottom gate (V_fbb) could be made differently, so the change in the SS for these factors is analyzed with the projected range and standard projected deviation which are parameters for the Gaussian function. An analytical subthreshold swing model is presented from the Poisson's equation, and it is shown that this model is in a good agreement with the numerical model. As a result, the SS changes linearly according to the geometric mean of the top and bottom oxide film thicknesses, and if the projected range is less than half of the silicon thickness, the SS decreases as the top gate oxide film is smaller. Conversely, if the projected range is bigger than a half of the silicon thickness, the SS decreases as the bottom gate oxide film is smaller. In addition, the SS decreases as V_fbb-V_fbf increases when the projected range is near the top gate, and the SS decreases as V_fbb-V_fbf decreases when the projected range is near the bottom gate. It is necessary that one should pay attention to the selection of the top/bottom oxide thickness and the gate metal in order to reduce the SS when designing an AJLDG MOSFET.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.19
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• pp.53-68
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• 2018

Hanging scrolls and handscrolls are common mounting for East Asian painting and calligraphy in which wooden Chukmok with Chukdu of various materials are attached either at the top and bottom or at each side of a work. Hanging scroll paintings or calligraphy can be hung for appreciation and rolled up for preservation. The Chukmok and Chukdu of a hanging scroll were made from different materials and were known by distinct names in Korea, China, and Japan. In Korea, the wooden Chukmok were called sanghachukhoengmok(上下軸橫木), which means horizontal wooden bars for the top and bottom axes. The wooden Chukdu were called Chukdu(軸頭), meaning the head of an axis. These Chukmok and Chukdu were made of Korean red pine, nut pine, or shiny xylosma. In China, the rod was called zhougan(軸杆) and zhoutou(軸頭), and they were made of Japanese cedar, sappan wood, or red sandalwood. In Japan, the top rod was called hassou(八双; 八裝) and the bottom jikugi(軸木), and they were made of Japanese cedar, red sandalwood, or crystal. In Korean hanging scrolls, the cross section of a Chukdu is either flat or round, and it can be either patterned or patternless. The designs include concentric circles, two circles, and three circles. Among the portraits of meritorious subjects analyzed in this study, three examples feature concentric circles on Chukdu with a flat cross section, which coincides with most of the king's instructions housed at the Jangseogak Archives. This suggests that flat Chukdu with a concentric circle pattern were used for binding most of the paintings of meritorious subjects commissioned by the royal court.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 1987

This paper suggests a method for the analysis of box girders which are subject to the membrane and the plate bending actions, Moreover, the method is applied to the box girders under distributed loads which have various geometrical types of cross sections and are made out of different materials. The approach is based on the finite element technique in which the structure is considered to be a spatial assemblage of flat plate elements and the deformations of the plates are to be approximated with 9-noded parabolic isoparametric elements. The results are summarized as follows. 1.In all models, the larger the widths of top flange inside of web are, the larger the vertical deflections are. 2.The maximum transverse and longitudinal moments in the composite box girders are judged to be larger than those in the RC box girders. 3.The transverse and the longitudinal moments in top flange of composite box. girders are larger than those in that of the RC box girders. 4.The transverse and longitudinal moments in web and bottom flange of the composite box girders are estimated to be very small in compare to those in web and bottom flange of the RC box girders.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.418-422
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• 2005

In this paper, a novel algorithm capable of detecting generic obstacles on a flat surface is proposed. The algorithm fundamentally exploits a distortion phenomena taken place in remapping process of original stereo images to a virtual top-view. Based on the distortion phenomena, we construct stereo polar histograms of edge maps, detect peaks on them, and search for matched peaks on both histograms using a Dynamic Programming (DP). Eventually, the searched corresponding peaks lead to estimate obstacles' positions. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are that it is not largely affected by an intensity difference between a pair of stereo images and does not depend on the typical stereo matching methodologies. Furthermore, the algorithm identifies the obstacles' positions quite robustly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.253-257
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• 1998

Organic-based electroluminescent devices have attracted lots of interests because of their possible application as large-area flat pan디 display. In this study, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of MEH-PPV thin films was investigated using various metal as a top electrode, where MEH-PPV thin films were prepared on 170 substrate by spin coating method and various metal such as Al, Ag, In, MgIn was deposited on MEH-PPV thin films as a top electrode.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1087-1090
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• 2008

Present research is devoted to the development of optical sheet intended to be used inside LCD Backlight unit in order to improve output axial Luminance. It deals with refractive by nature optical sheet having relief embossed top surface (microlenses array). Patterned reflecting layer can be coated on flat bottom surface.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2003

This paper reports the optimum structure of the vacuum packaged Porous poly-silicon Nano-Structured (PNS) emitter. The PNS layer was obtained by electrochemical etching process into polycrystalline silicon layer in a process controlled to anodizing condition. Current-voltage studies were carried out to optimize process condition of electron emission properties as a function of anodizing condition and top electrode thickness. Also, we measured in advance the electron emission properties as a function of substrate temperature because the vacuum packaged process was performed under the condition of high temperature ambient (430$^{\circ}C$). Auger Electron Spectrometer (AES) studies shows that Au as a top-electrode was diffused to PNS layer during temperature experiments. Thus, we optimized the thickness of top-electrode in order to make the vacuum package PNS emitter. As a result, the vacuum Packaged PNS emitter was successfully emitted by optimizing process.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.808-813
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• 2009

Top-down method is widely used for urban area construction for its advantages in reducing environmental problems such as dust and noise, and saving construction cost depending on given conditions of a construction site. Because the excavation and construction of super- and sub-structures of the building have to be proceeded simultaneously, a column has to be embedded prior to excavation. This column is called a pillar column or pre-founded column. Usually a wide flange section is used for these columns. To place the columns, usually the diameter of casing holes needs to be larger than the section of the wide flange itself in order to accommodate a couple of tremie pipes for pouring concrete. In this paper, a newly developed method of using circular pipe as an alternative to the existing wide flange section is discussed. The crucial part of the new method is to develop a connection between the circular column and concrete flat slabs. For shear force transfer from concrete slab to the concrete filled tube (CFT) column, shear jackets with studs and shear bands are proposed. The studs are welded on the jackets at shop and placed around the circular column on site. The shear bands are welded on the outer side of the CFT at shop and inserted into ground with the CFT. Test results and application of the method to a construction site are also provided in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.450-450
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• 2006

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) as pixels for flat panel displays are being actively pursued because of their relatively simple structure, high brightness, and self-emitting nature [1, 2]. The top-emitting diode structure is preferred because of their geometrical advantage allowing high pixel resolution [3]. To enhance the performance of TOLEDs, it is important to deposit transparent top cathode films, such as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), which have high transparency as well as low resistance. In this work, we report on investigation of the characteristics of an indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode electrode, which was deposited on organic films by using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method, for use in top-emitting organic light emitting diodes (TOLED). The cathode electrode composed of a very thin layer of Mg-Ag and an overlaying ITO film. The Mg-Ag reduces the contact resistivity and plasma damage to the underlying organic layer during the ITO sputtering process. Transfer length method (TLM) patterns were defined by the standard shadow mask for measuring specific contact resistances. The spacing between the TLM pads varied from 30 to $75\;{\mu}m$. The electrical properties of ITO as a function of the deposition and annealing conditions were investigated. The surface roughness as a function of the plasma conditions was determined by Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM).