• International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2018

In recent years, the numbers of the orthodontic dental patients have been rapidly increased in adolescent or young adult aged generation. It has been well known that it would be very hard to control the oral hygiene cares for orthodontic applied dental patient because of the complexity of the appliance. So the caries prevalence of the orthodontic dental patients would be higher than non-appliance persons, and it might be easy to cause the dental caries especially on the labial or buccal surface of the tooth through equipping the fixed type appliance with a long period, even though the alignment of the teeth would be arranged well. So, the massive preventive program for preventive dentistry should be needed for the dental patients for orthodontic treatment, in order to protect the dental caries and the periodontal disease for them. But, lots of the dentists or dental hygienists sometimes neglect of this point for preventive dental cares orthodontic dental patients, or do not know the importance and how to manage the skill for the preventive dental works in clinical. In this article, it will be introduced the basic theories and skills for preventive cares as tooth-brushing instruction, fluoride topical application and pit and fissure sealant, scaling and professional mechanical tooth cleansing and the diet control, for the dental patients with the fixed type of the orthodontic appliance, in case by case.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.563-574
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• 2016

A clear overlay appliance is a type of a removable appliance made from transparent thermoplastic plastic film that covers the entire dentition to move the teeth. It is one of the most favored orthodontic methods opted for by adult patients; this treatment is esthetic, does not cause discomfort and allows oral hygiene to be easily managed when compared to other conventional fixed treatment methods. However, the use of clear overlay appliances, such as invisalign or clear aligner, is associated with various clinical challenges. In particular, the appliances require longer treatment periods compared to fixed treatment, and due to the structural characteristics of the appliances, it is difficult to make proper posterior occlusion and certain type of tooth movement, including extrusion, rotation and tip. Thus, the clear overlay appliances are regarded as supplementary appliances by most orthodontists and have been used for simple orthodontic treatments, such as partial anterior alignments or orthodontic relapse cases. Owing to the remarkable advancement in the field of 3D digital technology over a period of 15 years, the accuracy and convenience of modern clear overlay appliances have continuously improved. Moreover, orthodontic outcomes have also been greatly improved by the introduction of new materials and successful application of various biomechanical methods from conventional orthodontic treatments in the design of clear overlay appliances. This study investigates the clinical limitations that should be considered during the application of clear overlay appliances and also examines the efforts and methods used to overcome these challenges.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.291-301
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• 1985

Fifty subjects who were to be treated with fixed orhodontic appliances by light wire edgewise technique were selected. Bands with different marginal depth were made in first molar and direct bonding brackets were bonded in second premolar. For determining the effects of fixed orthodontic appliance on the gingival tissue, the changes of clinical crown length, periodontal pocket depth, gingival sulcus fluid were checked. The results were as follows: 1. Gingival condition was deteriorated after wearing the fixed orthodontic appliance, and the deteriorative rate was decreased gradually. 2. The greatest gingival change was occurred in the maxillary first molar among the experimental teeth. 3. The gingival change of maxillary teeth was greater than that of mandibular teeth. $(p\leq0.01)$ 4. The greater gingival change was occurred around subgingivally located band than around supragingivally located band. 5. Comparing the gingival changes of banded teeth with them of bonded teeth, the gingival tissue was more effected by oral hygiene than by type of appliances. 6. In the quantitive changes of gingival crevicular fluid, there was no exact relationship with gingival inflammation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Skeletal anchorage-assisted upper molar distalization has become one of the standard treatment modalities for the correction of Class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to analyze maxillary molar movement patterns according to appliance design, with the simultaneous use of buccal fixed orthodontic appliances. The authors devised two distinct types of midpalatal miniscrew-assisted maxillary molar distalizers, a lingual arch type and a pendulum type. Fourteen patients treated with one of the two types of distalizers were enrolled in the study, and the patterns of tooth movement associated with each type were compared. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The lingual arch type was associated with relatively bodily upper molar distalization, while the pendulum type was associated with distal tipping with intrusion of the upper molar. Clinicians should be aware of the expected tooth movement associated with each appliance design. Further well designed studies with larger sample sizes are required.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.2 s.103
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and compare the plaque removal ability of sonic brushing and manual brushing in order to present a method for continuous and effective oral hygiene control during orthodontic treatment. Nonextracted adolescent patients (male: 23 persons, female: 37 persons) and adult patients (male: 15 persons, female: 45 persons) outfitted with a fixed orthodontic appliance from their incisors to second molar, in both the maxilla and mandible, were divided into manual brushing and sonic brushing groups. A Philips oral healthcare HX-4401 sonic toothbrush was used, and the application of brushing for the two groups was standardized at two minutes. After brushing, the plaque score was measured with a modified Wilkin's PHP. The following results were achieved after comparing each group's plaque score. 1. In patients with a fixed orthodontic appliance when age was not accounted for, the application of sonic brushing exerted a beneficially decreased effect on the plaque score. (adolescents : p<0.01, adults: p<0.05) 2. When comparing the adolescent and adult groups in regard to plaque score, the adolescent group showed a more decreased effect. 3. When using the same toothbrush type, there was no difference between the adolescent and adult groups.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.409-417
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• 1990

Tooth movement would be impeded by frictional force arised between archwire and tube, bracket or elastics in the fixed orthodontic appliances, which could be changed variably by such several factors as the contact area, normal (perpendicular) force and the condition of contact surface. There were many literatures about frictional force in the orthodontic region, but different results were obtained from little controlled research so that was very difficult in clinical application. Therefore we have reviewed comprehensively previous literatures about frictional force and thus several results were obtained as follows: 1. For use species of the orthodontic wire, frictional force was influenced mainly by surface roughness of wire in the absence of binding, while that was influenced mainly by normal force in high binding angulation. 2. For the cross-section and diameter of the wire, the contact area influenced mainly on frictional force in the absence of binding, while wire stiffness influenced mainly on frictional force in high binding angulation. 3. The greater the bracket width, the greater frictional force, and frictional force of the plastic bracket was larger than that of the metal bracket. 4. For ligation type, frictional force of the stainless steel ligation was larger than that of the elastic ligation, and frictional force was directly proportional to ligation force. 5. Variable frictional force were occured from the saliva combined with such another factors as normal force and mode of surface oxide et al.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term stability of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) followed by full fixed edgewise appliances. Methods: This study included 67 patients treated using Haas-type RPE and non-extraction edgewise appliance therapy at a single orthodontic practice. Serial dental casts were obtained at three different time points: pretreatment ($T_1$), after expansion and fixed appliance therapy ($T_2$), and at long-term recall ($T_3$). The mean duration of the $T_1-T_2$ and $T_2-T_3$ periods was $4.8{\pm}3.5years$ and $11.0{\pm}5.4years$, respectively. The dental casts were digitized, and the computed measurements were compared with untreated reference data. Results: The majority of treatment-related increases in the maxillary and mandibular arch measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and greater than expected for the untreated controls. Although many measurements decreased postretention ($T_2-T_3$), the net gains persisted for all of the measurements evaluated. Conclusions: The use of RPE therapy followed by full fixed edgewise appliances is an effective method for increasing maxillary and mandibular arch width dimensions in growing patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2023

This case report describes skeletal anchorage-supported maxillary protraction performed with the Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction (AltRAMEC) protocol over a treatment duration of 14 months in a 16-year-old female patient who was in the late growth-development period. Miniplates were applied to the patient's aperture piriformis area to apply force from the protraction appliance. After 9 weeks of following the Alt-RAMEC protocol, miniplates were used to transfer a unilateral 500-g protraction force to a Petit-type face mask. A significant improvement was observed in the soft tissue profile in measurements made both cephalometrically and in three dimensional photographs. Subsequently, the second phase of fixed orthodontic treatment was started and the treatment was completed with the retention phase. Following treatment completion, occlusion, smile esthetics, and soft tissue profile improved significantly in response to orthopedic and orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.568-573
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• 2002

The purpose of study was to investigate the caries activity factors of children during orthodontic treatment. Fifty children with fixed or removable intraoral orthodontic appliances were examined for their Cariostat caries activity test scores, gender, age, duration of treatment, appliance type, treatment site, Angle's classification of malocclusion, and the number of teeth with caries experience. The mean age of the high caries activity group was significantly higher than that of the low caries activity group(P<0.01). The duration of treatment of the high caries activity group was longer than that of the low caries activity group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The fixed appliance group showed higher caries activity than the removable appliance group(P<0.01). The caries activity of Angle Class III group was lower than that of Angle Class I group, not significant statistically(P>0.05). The number of teeth with caries experience in the high caries activity group was lower than that in the low caries activity group, not significant statistically(P>0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.361-374
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• 1999

Intraoral filled type of orthodontic appliance can cause reversible or irreversible damages such as gingivitis, periodontitis, enamel decalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and pulpal changes. Such adverse effects are brought by increase in dental plaque as well as oral flora. Such an increase causes gingival inflammation and enamel decalcification. The purpose of this study is to get klowledge on initial changes in dental plaque, gingivitis, and enamel decalcification after bonding fixed orthodontic appliances according to time flow, gender, and sides(right/left) of premolar region. For control group, 48 students of dental college, Yonsei university(26 males, 22 females) were chosen; for experimental group, 73 orthodontic patients(36 males, 37 females) who will be treated with fixed appliances were chosen. All the subjects had no systemic disease, juvenile periodontitis and all the females had passed their ,menarche. Tooth brushing instruction was given to all the subjects prior to the experiment. For control group, plaque index, gingival index, and decalcification index were measured twice at 3 weeks interval ; for experimental group, the same was done prior to, 3, 6, 9 weeks after bonding fixed appliances. The following results were obtained: 1. In plaque index 3 weeks after placement of appliances, and it showed gradual increase afterwards. 2. In gingival index3 weeks after placement of appliances, and afterwards it showed increase at a faster rate than plaque index. 3. Enamel decalcification began to show between 3 and 6 weeks after bonding fixed appliances. Decalcification index began to increase 6 weeks after appliance placement, but there was no statistical significance. 4. When the comparison was made between two sides of premolar region, the right side showed greater index in plaque and gingival index of experimental group.