• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 1차원 오일러 보 요소(Euler-Bernoulli Beam Element)를 이용한 회전익기 축계에 대한 중량 최적설계를 수행하였다. 회전 축계의 특성을 고려해 비틀림(Torsion)과 베어링과 같은 축지지 강성 및 플랜지(Flange) 질량을 모두 고려하였고, 동적 안전성 확보를 위해 고유치 해석을 수행하여 임계속도(Critical Speed)와 기어박스로부터 오는 치 변형 가진을 회피할 수 있도록 하였다. 축의 길이는 고정된 상태에서 두께와 반경을 조절하여 중량 최적화를 수행하였으며, 최적화 과정은 2단계로 나누어 진행하였다. 1단계에서는 비틀림 강도를 제약조건으로 하여 중량을 최적화한 후 2단계에서는 축계 안정성 확보 기준(Headquarters, U.S. Army Material Command, 1974)에 따라 축의 비틀림 강도에 대한 제약조건을 만족시키며, 축의 1차 모드가 임계속도를 회피할 수 있도록 축 1차모드와 임계속도의 차이가 최대가 되도록 최적화를 진행하였다. 주어진 1차원 보 요소를 이용하여 최적설계를 한 결과를 3차원 유한요소 모델과 실제 제작된 축게의 시험결과와 비교하여 제안된 방법을 검증하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

수계 내 질소의 증가는 부영양화나 녹조 및 적조현상을 유발하여 수계의 파괴 및 물의 자정능력을 저하시켜 전세계적으로 중요한 환경문제가 되었다. 수계 내 질소의 가장 일반적인 형태는 암모늄(NH₄⁺)이온의 형태로 폐수로부터 유입되는 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있으며 부영양화의 주요 원인이 되고 있어 암모늄 제거에 있어 적절한 처리 및 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 생장력이 좋은 바이오매스 중 하나인 수단그라스를 적용하여 바이오차를 생산하였으며, 200℃-400℃ 탄화 온도 조건 변화에 따른 과정에서 생성된 수단그라스 바이오차를 활용하여 암모늄 이온, 10~100ppm 농도 변화에 따른 흡착능력 분석하였으며, 이 결과를 통해 흡착제로써 활용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 탄화반응으로 인해 수단그라스의 화학구조가 분해되면서 바이오차의 탄소 및 고정 탄소함량이 증가하였다. 바이오차의 pH는 탄화 온도가 높을수록 pH와 전기전도도가 높아지면서 전기전도도로 인해 양이온에 대해 높은 흡착 가능성을 보였다. 흡착실험 결과를 바탕으로 NH₄-N의 농도가 높아지면서 최대 54.5%, 최저 17.4%의 제거효율을 보였으며, 탄화 온도가 높을수록 바이오차의 기공 및 비표면적 증가로 인해 오염물질의 흡착이 용이해져 NH₄-N의 제거효율이 높아졌다. FT-IR 분석 결과, 탄화반응의 고온으로 인해 전체적인 표면 작용기의 감소가 나타났다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제19호
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• pp.123-160
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• 2009

본 논문은 분류개념과 기준을 중심으로 최근 20년의 북한 문학예술 유형분류의 전개 양상에 관한 연구이다. 그 양상은 크게 둘로 나누어진다. 첫째, 분류에 있어서는 북한이 문학예술을 종류와 형태로 구분하다가 1996년에 들어서면 '갈래'라는 개념을 추가하여 종류, 형태, 갈래로 구분함이 발견된다. 이 같은 사실은 북한이 문학예술 유형분류에서 점차 세분화 작업을 시도함을 시사한다. 그러나 각 분류에 고정된 항목이 따로 있는 것은 아니며, 그 순서 역시 반드시 종류, 형태, 갈래로 이루어지는 것은 아니다. 이것은 북한이 분류에서 원칙의 중요성을 강조하면서 동시에 유연한 입장을 취하기 때문으로 해석할 수 있다. 둘째, 문학예술의 분류기준은 1987년 묘사방식, 묘사수단, 용량, 문체, 형상구조, 양상적 특성에서 1992년 묘사방식, 형상수단, 묘사대상, 사명, 기능으로, 1996년에는 묘사방식, 형상수단, 묘사대상, 구성형식으로 모아졌다가 2007년에는 묘사방식, 형상수단, 작품의 규모와 용적, 소재와 생활내용의 특성, 작품의 정서적인 색깔인 양상, 작품의 구성형식과 문체의 특성으로 다시 세분화된다. 이 같은 현상은 북한이 시간의 흐름에 따라 문학예술을 더욱 세분화하는 동시에 유사한 항목들을 새로운 기준 명에 통합하고 그 안에서 다시 세분화 작업을 시도함을 시사한다. 이 같은 북한 문학예술 유형분류는 북한에게 '현재 문학예술의 형태상 특성을 올바로 인식하고 문학예술이 창조된 과정을 과학적으로 밝혀내어 더 나은, 더 훌륭한 문학예술을 발전시키기' 위한 작업이라는 의미를 갖는다. 이것은 또한 아직 유형분류가 뚜렷이 문자화되고 있지 않은 남한에게는 각 예술의 형상화 수단과 방법을 면밀히 탐색하는 작업이 창조를 위한 밑작업중 하나임을 제시한다는 점에서 의미를 갖는다고 하겠다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.146-156
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• 2024

임플란트 보조 국소의치의 치료는 오래전부터 여러 형태로 시도되어 왔으며, 이 중 임플란트 서베이드 크라운 국소의치의 경우 점차 예지성을 얻고 있으며, 특히 경제적, 해부학적으로 불리한 부분 무치악 환자에게 한 가지 치료 방법이 될 수 있다. 이때 임플란트의 식립 위치는 치료 목적에 따라 전방 식립과 후방 식립으로 분류될 수 있는데, 이는 환자의 치조제, 잔존치 예후, 대합치 등 여러 상황을 고려하여 결정되어야 한다. 본 증례에서는 하악 Kennedy 1급 부분 무치악 환자에게 두 개의 임플란트 서베이드 크라운을 활용한 하악 임플란트 보조 국소의치를 통해 수복하였다. 본 환자에게 후방 식립이 어렵다는 점과 잔존치의 예후를 고려하여 임플란트를 잔존치에 근접한 부위에 두 개를 식립하는 것이 계획되었으며, 가이드 수술을 통해 계획한 위치, 각도, 깊이에 식립되었다. 고정성 보철물 제작 과정은 상악 무치악 치아 배열 과정과 병행하여 예지성을 높였고, 국소의치를 제작 시에는 임플란트가 최후방 지대치로서 과도한 하중이 가하지 않도록 기능 운동을 허용하는 형태로 디자인되고, 이차 인상 과정을 거쳐 제작되었다. 각 치료 과정을 계획한대로 진행하여 환자와 술자 모두 심미적, 기능적으로 만족스러운 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1975

The poxvirus group is considered to be a typical cytoplasmic inclusion forming virus. Every poxvirus has been reported to produce only one kind of inclusion in the infected tissues. A vague concept that inclusions of poxviruses are eosinophilic or acidophilic has prevailed. Although many papers and theories about the nature of the inclusion have been presented, most of them are not quite convincing on the point of the relations with virus multiplication, and an analysis of papers published showed that there seem to be many discrepancies in the descriptions of the nature of the poxvirus inclusions. Comparative studies on host-virus interaction with cowpox, orf, swinepox and fowlpox viruses which selected from each Group (I-IV) of poxviruses were performed from the morphological and virological standpoints. At first, in cowpox virus-FL cell system, as a comparative model, cytoplasmic inclusion, nucleic acid metabolism by autoradiography and detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence were studied and obtained the results as follows: 1. The focus-like cytopathic effect (CPE) at early stage developed to entire culture at terminal stage of infection, and also the developing status of CPE was correlated to viral doses for inoculation. Two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions which named A and B type were easily observed by Giemsa, hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and May-Greenwald Giemsa (MGG) stainings in the infected cells. The B type inclusions were formed at early stage of infection and the A type inclusions were produced subsequently the B type formation. The B type which common type inclusion in poxviruses was a small compact or aggregate at early stage and developed to a large diffuse body at terminal stage of infection. On the other hand, the A type inclusion which depend upon the kind of virus was appeared as round and discrete shape, and its size and number was increased gradually during the culture period. It was characteristic to form distinct halos around the both types of inclusions in acid fixed, H & E stained preparations of infected cultures. The B type inclusion was always positive in Feulgen reaction and showed as DNA containing body but the A type inclusion was not. 2. In the relationship between inclusion and DNA metabolism of infected cells by the qualitative autoradiography using 3H-thymidine, the appearance of silver grains was coincided with B type inclusion but not with A type inclusion. This showed that the DNA synthesis was proceeded in all B type inclusions except those in the terminal stage with a diffuse form. This suggested that the B type inclusions are only sites of DNA synthesis and this was proceeded after the cell infection independently. The activity of DNA synthesis of the inclusions was nearly the same as that of the nucleic of normal cells and non-inclusion bearing cells. and non-inclusion bearing cells. Regardless of the size of the degree of DNA synthesis of the B type inclusion, inclusion bearing cells all showed remarkable suppression of nuclear DNA synthesis. 3. By the direct fluorescent antibody technique viral antigen in infected cells was detected. The B type inclusions have been proved to contain a great deal of viral antigen, whereas the basic substance of A type inclusion did not show antigenicity except the round edge. It was suggested that the round edge fluorescence might be caused by the glare of cytoplasmic viral antigen which pushed out and concentrated by the A type inclusion development. 4. Hemorrhagic red pock formations on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken egg had proved the characteristic of used viral strain. 5. By the above studies on the nature of two types of inclusions and the role they play in virus multiplication, it was concluded that the B type inclusion must be the site of the synthesis of viral DNA and protein as well as the site of the virus.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.161-181
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• 2006

The words which appeared in my theoretical study and work are image transformation to digital painting, simulation, heterologie and transfiguration, etc. Firstly, let's look into 'digital era' or 'new media era'. Nowadays, the image world including painting within the rapid social and cultural change, which is called as digital era, is having the dramatic change. Together with the development of scientific technology, large number of events which was deemed to be impossible is happening as real in image world Moreover, these changes in image world is greatly influencing to our life. The word which compresses this change of image world and shows is 'digital'. Digit, which means fingers in Latin, indicates separately changing signal, and to be more narrow, it indicates the continual signal of '0' and ' 1' in computer. The opposite word is 'analogue'. As analogue is the word meaning 'infer' or 'similarity', it indicates the signal or form which continuously changes along the series of time when it is compared to digital. Instead of analogue, digital is embossed as a major ruler along the whole area of our current culture. In whole culture and art area, and in whole generalscience, digital is appearing as it has the modernism and importance. The prefix, 'digital', e.g. digital media, digital culture, digital design, digital philosophy, etc, is treated as the synonym of modernism and something new. This advent of digital results the innovative change to the image world, creates the new beauty experience which we could not experience before, and forecasts the formation of advanced art and expansion of creative area. Various intellectual activities using computer is developing the whole world with making the infrastructure. Computer in painting work immediately accomplishes the idea of painters, takes part in simulation work, contingency such as abrupt reversal, extraction, twisting, shaking, obscureness, overlapping, etc, and timing to stimulate the creativity of painters, and provides digital formative language which enables new visual experience to the audience. When the change of digital era, the image appeared in my work is shown in 'transfiguration' like drawing. The word, 'transfiguration' does not indicate the completed and fixed real substance but indicate endlessly moving and floating shape. Thus, this concept is opposite to the substantial consideration, so that various concepts which is able to replace this in accordance with the similar cases are also exist such as change, deterioration, mutation, deformity of appearance and morphing which is frequently used in computer as a technical word. These concepts are not clearly classified, and variably and complicatedly related. Transfiguration basically means the denial of "objectivity' and '(continual) stagnation' or deviation from those. This phenomenon is appeared through the all art schools of art ever since the realism is denied in the 19th century. It is called as 'deformation' in case of expressionism, futurism, cubism, etc, in the beginning of the century, which its former indication is mostly preserved within the process of structural deviation and which has the realistic limit which should be preserved. On the contrary, dramatic transfiguration which has been showing in the modern era through surrealism is different in the point that dramatic transfiguration tends to show the deterioration and deviation rather than the preservation of indicated object. From this point, transfiguration coming out from morphing using computer deteriorates and hides the reality and furthermore, it replaces the 'reality'. Moreover, transfiguration is closely approached to the world of fake or 'imaginary' simulation world of Baudrillard. According to Baudrillard, the image hides and deteriorates the reality, and furthermore, expresses 'not existing' to 'imaginary' under the name of transfiguration. Certain reality, that is, image which is absent from the reality is created and overflowed, so that it finally replaces the reality. This is simulation as it is said by Baudrillard. In turn, Georges Bataille discusses about the image which is produced by digital technology in terms of heterologie. Image of heterologie is the visual signal which is established with the media. Image of media is to have the continuous characteristics of produce, extinction, and transformation, and its clear boundary between images becomes meaningless. The meaning of composition, excess, violation, etc of digital image is explained to heterological study or heteologie suggested as important meaning of Georges Bataille who is a heretic philosopher. As the form and image of mutation shows the shape in accordance with mechanical production, heterologie is introduced as very low materialism (or bas materialisme), in this theory. Heterologie as low materialism which is gradually changing is developing as a different concept and analysis because of the change of time in the late 20s century beside high or low meaning. Including my image, all images non-standardizes and transforms the code. However, reappearance and non-standardization of this code does not seem to be simple. The problem of transformation caused by transfiguration which appears in my digital drawing painting, simulation, heterologie, etc, are the continual problems. Moreover, the subject such as existence of human being, distance from the real life, politics and social problems are being extended to actual research and various expressing work. Especially, individual image world is established by digital painting transfiguration technique, and its change and review start to have the durability. The consciousness of observers who look at the image is changing the subject. Together with theoretical research, researchers are to establish the first step to approach to various image change of digital era painting through transfiguration technique using our realistic and historical image.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

목적: 저자들은 후방 십자 인대 손상과 후외측 회전 불안정성이 동반된 환자에서 양 측 슬괵건을 채취하여 각각 후방 십자 인대 및 후외측 지대 재건술을 시행하고 그 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 10월부터 2004년 3월까지 후방 및 후외측 회전 불안정성으로 양 측 슬괵건을 이용한 후방십자 인대 및 후외측 지대 재건술을 시행한 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 9명 여자가 1명이었고 평균 연령은 36.8세였다. 평균 추시 기간은 17개월(12개월-2년 4개월)이었다. 후방 십자 인대는 환측 슬괵건을 이용하여 횡고정 핀과 Intrafix (Mitek, Norwood, MA) 로 고정하였고 후외측 지대는 비골두에 터널을 뚫어 건측 슬괵건을 통과 시킨 후 대퇴골 외과의 등장점에 흡수성 나사로 고정하였다. 후방 전위 정도는 후방 부하 방사선 사진으로 계측하였고 이학적 검사상 회전 불안정성의 정도를 Noyes와 Barber-Westin의 분류에 따라 평가하였다. 슬관절 기능 평가는 Lysholm 점수와 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 평가 기준을 이용하였으며 건측 공여부의 평가는 IKDC 평가기준 공여부 항목과 슬관절 굴곡력으로 평가하였다. 결과: 후방 부하 방사선 사진상 술 전 13.3 mm에서 술 후 3.7mm로 호전되었으며 $30^{\circ}$ 및 $90^{\circ}$ 경골 외회전 검사상 기능적 소견을 보인 예가 7예, 부분 기능적 소견을 보인 예가 2예, 실패의 소견을 보인 예가 1예였다. Lysholm 점수는 술 전 54점에서 술 후 86점으로 호전되었다. IKDC 평가 기준상 거의 정상 이상이 8예, 비정상이 2예 이었으며 심한 비정상의 소견을 보인 예는 없었다. 건측 하지 공여부 평가상 2예에서 감각 저하를 호소하였으나 슬관절 굴곡력의 약화 소견은 없었다. 결론: 후방 십자 인대 손상과 후외측 회전 불안정성이 동반된 환자에서 양 측 슬괵건을 이용한 후방 십자 인대 및 후외측 지대 재건술은 양호한 임상 결과와 건측 채취부의 합병증이 적은 좋은 치료 방법으로 사료된다.

• 복식
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• 제16권
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• pp.15-42
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• 1991

A nation's culture isn't consisted by the characteristics of the nation only, but it is greatly affected by the geographical features and natural conditions, and it could be also dominated by the continual effect through mutual contact on economic exchange or social problem and political interests with neighboring countries. It is a well known fact that the contact of culture between Korea and Mongolia established under the special political situation that Corea was invaded by Won. But more basically, the Nomad including Mongolia had influenced upon neighboring countries, therefore, our country was also greatly influenced on consisting of our own culture by them. Moreover. the fact that our language belongs to their language's category(mostly Tweigru and Mongolian language) proves that the origin of our culture was deeply related with Mongolia. Accordingly, we could not limit the cultural relation between Korea and Mongolia within a special era. But especially, since unification of China by Mongolia, Won which appeared as a new great nation had dominated Corea for one hundred years, and the Corea's costume culture had a point of conversion to the mongolian. Therefore, this study expects to comment upon the relations of costume between Corea and Mongolia from a view point of Corea's tribute and royal gifts gifts by Mongolia written on the reference literatures. 1) From the ancient times, between our country and Mongolia there has been a direct or indirect exchange caused by the people's movement or invasion due to very closed neighboring. The relations between Corea and Mongolia have started from the mongolia's requests of tribute for the reason why they helped Corea against the Keoran's invasion, and these relation had continued by King Kongmin's age. 2) Mongolia had plundered a tribute such as dress, cereals, horses, military supplies, soldiers, maiden and little girls etc. from Corea, and therefore, a great confusion occurred on political, economic and social fields. And since King Chungyoul of Corea got married with a Princess of Won, the Corea's position was placed as the Buma nation(nation of son in law) and then high class people of Corea preferred to follow the mongolian costume such as Byunbal (pigtail), Ho dress (mongolian dress), Rouges, Chockturi (a kind of formal cap) and Doturak pigtail ribbon, and some have been applied up to date. On the other hand, the custom of Corea had transmitted to the Mongolian nobility, they called it "Corea Yang(style)". 3) The costume of Corea could be divided into three different periods, the first is the period influenced by Tang and Song's regime, the second is affected by the Won's costume and the third is applying the Myung's regime in the end of Corea. The Mongolian dress was based on the Ho dress form and it has been developed through compounding artistic traditional fields and foreign customs in long history. And Mongolia is composed of various tribes, therefore, they have their own dress for each tribe. Our country and Mongolia had a similar dress form based on Ho dress and both used the Chacksukunggo (jacket with small sleeves and slacks) and Seon(line). And the ornaments of costume such as Chockturi, Doturak pigtail ribbon and Rouges had transmitted and fixed down as a traditional wedding garment, but the Rouges has been used by noble women from the ancient times in our country. Since a member of the Society of Korean Costume has visited Mongolia in August 1990 for the first time, I really recognized the neccesity of more detailed study on the costume relation between Korea and Mongolia, and I will proceed with the study on various fields of costume under cooperation of Institute of Oriental Academy of Mongolia.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.273-282
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• 2009

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) disease group are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting a wide range of hosts. The group includes kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. The exact nature of the infectious agent involved in the transmission of these diseases remains controversial. However, a central event in their pathogenesis is the accumulation in infected tissues of an abnormal form of a host-encoded protein, the prion protein (PrP). Whereas the normal cellular protein is fully sensitive to protease ($PrP^{sen}$), the disease-associated prion protein ($PrP^d$) is only partly degraded ($PrP^{res}$), its amino-terminal end being removed. BSE was first reported in the mid-80s in the UK. Ten years later, a new form of human prion disease, variant CJD (vCJD) developed in the wake of the BSE epidemic, and there is now strong scientific evidence that vCJD was initiated by the exposure of humans to BSE-infected tissues, thus indicating a zoonotic disease. However, the ban on the feeding of animal-derived proteins to ruminants, and the apparent lack of vertical transmission of BSE, have led to a decline in the incidence of the disease within cattle herd and therefore, an assumed decreased risk for human contacting vCJD. The origin of the original case(s) of BSE still remains an enigma even though three hypotheses have been raised. Hypotheses are i) sheep- or goat-derived scrapie-infected tissues included in meat and bone meal fed to cattle, ii) a previously undetected sporadic or genetic bovine TSE contaminating cattle feed or iii) originating from a human TSE through animal feed contaminated with human remains. A host cellular membrane protein ($PrP^C$), which is abundant in central nervous system tissue, appear to be conformationally altered in the diseased host into a prion protein ($PrP^{Sc}$). This $PrP^{Sc}$ is detergent insoluble and partially protease-resistant ($PrP^{res}$). The term $PrP^{res}$ is normally used to describe the protein detected after protease treatment, in techniques such as Western immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay using fresh/frozen tissue. Immunohistochemistry may performed with formalin-fixed tissues. Also, clinical signs of the BSE are one of the major diagnostic indicators. Recently, atypical forms (known as H- and L-type) of BSE have appeared in several European countries, Japan, Canada and the United States. An unusual case was also reported in a miniature zebu. The atypical BSE fall into two groups based on the relative molecular mass (Mm) of the unglycosylated $PrP^{res}$ band relative to that of classical BSE, one of the higher Mm (H-type) and the other lower (L-type). Both types have been detected worldwide as rare cases in older animals, at a low prevalence consistent with the possibility of sporadic forms of prion diseases in cattle. This raises the unwelcome possibility that vCJD could increase in the human population. Now, active surveillance program against BSE is going on in Korea. In regional veterinary service lab, ELISA is applied to screen the BSE in slaughter and confirmatory tests by Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemisty are carried out if there are positive or suspect in the screening test. Also, the ruminant feed ban is rigorously enforced. Removal of specified risk materials such as brain and spinal cord from cattle is mandatory process at slaughter to prevent the infected material from entering the human food chain.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제43권
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• pp.5-39
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• 2015

시조는 조선 후기 한국의 문학작품 중 단형시가를 대표하는 문학 장르이다. 시조의 기본형식은 3장 6구 12음보의 형식을 갖춘 평시조로, 평시조 한 수의 노랫말은 45자 내외의 길이를 지닌다. 그러나 시조의 한 종류인 사설시조는 노랫말의 글자 수가 많이 늘어나 100여 자를 넘는 작품도 있다. 이 같은 사설시조 중에는 한문 어휘를 많이 사용하고, 심지어는 한시에서 몇몇 구절을 차용한 '엄숙하고 우아한 느낌'의 작품도 있으나, '외설스럽고 노골적인 내용'의 작품도 많이 있다. 문학작품인 시조는 가곡과 시조창이라는 성악곡의 노랫말로 사용되는데, 동일한 시조시가 가곡과 시조의 노랫말로 활용되는 경우도 많이 있다. 그러나 성악곡인 가곡 중에서 사설시조를 노랫말로 사용하는 악곡 중에는 '외설스러운 작품'은 거의 부르지 않고, '엄숙한 느낌'의 노래들이 주를 이루고 있다. 이 논문은 현재 전승되는 가곡 중에서 사설시조를 노래하는 악곡은 대부분 '엄숙하고 우아한 느낌'의 노랫말을 사용한다는 사실을 확인하고, '외설적이고 노골적인 내용'의 사설시조를 가곡에서 노랫말로 사용하기 어려운 이유를 살펴보았다. 그러한 이유 중 가장 중요한 것은 불규칙하게 늘어나는 노랫말과, 그에 따르는 반주 때문으로 보인다. 가곡은 악보에 기록되어 전하는 정해진 선율을 다수의 악기가 반주 한다. 따라서 사전에 선택된 노랫말에 따라 일정하게 만들어진 노래선율과 반주선율에 의하지 않으면 연주가 사실상 불가능하다. 또한 문학작품의 감상은 개인적인 독서활동을 통하여 사적으로 이루어지지만, 가곡은 다수의 인원이 열린 공간에서 공개적인 연주를 통하여 연행하는 것이다. 특히 조선 후기의 사회적 제도와 관습 속에서 신분이 다른 남녀가 함께 모여 외설스럽고 노골적인 노래를 부르기는 어려웠을 것이다. 이 글을 통하여 사설시조의 문학적 특성으로 일컬어지던 서민적이고 통속적인 성격은 가곡으로 불려진 사설시조에서는 찾아보기 어렵다는 점을 확인하였다.