• Title/Summary/Keyword: fish liver

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Effects of dietary fish oil and trans fat on rat aorta histopathology and cardiovascular risk markers

  • Park, Seon-Hye;Park, Yong-Soon
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.102-107
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    • 2009
  • Fish oil and shortening have been suggested to have opposite effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the effect of shortening and fish oil on CVD risk factors and aorta histopathology, and the association between risk factors and aorta histopathology. Male Wister rats (n=30) were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 20% fat in the form of fish oil, shortening, or soybean oil for 4 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG), and C-reactive protein levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil than in soybean oil and shortening groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (P<0.001) between groups. In addition, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil and shortening groups than in the soybean oil group. Insulin and glucose concentrations did not differ among groups. Effect of dietary fat on tissue fatty acid composition significantly differed in abdominal fat and brain compared with RBC, heart, kidney and liver. The aortic wall was significantly (P=0.02) thinner in the fish oil group than in the soybean oil and shortening groups. The aortic wall thickness was positively correlated with TG and TC, but negatively with EPA + DHA levels of all tissues. These results suggested that fish oil had protective effects on aorta histopathology by hypolipidemic action in this rat model.

Antifreeze Activity in Temperate Fish from the East Sea, Korea

  • Kim, Hak Jun
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 2015
  • Antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins [AF(G)Ps] constitute a group of proteins that lower the freezing but not the melting points of aqueous solutions, enabling polar and north-temperate fish to survive in ice-laden environments. However, little is known about antifreeze activity in temperate fish; such work would extend our knowledge on the functions and evolution of AF(G)Ps. In the present study, we screened for antifreeze activity in temperate fish caught off the coast of Jumunjin ($37.89^{\circ}N$), Gangneung, Korea. Thermal hysteresis (TH) and the ability to inhibit ice recrystallization (IR) in blood, liver, and muscle samples from nine fish were examined to assess antifreeze activity. As the East Sea off the coast of Jumunjin is ice-free year round, we thought it most unlikely that the fish would express antifreeze proteins. Surprisingly, the blood of Pleurogrammus azonus and three types of tissue from Gymnocanthus herzensteini, Zoarces gilli and Kareius bicoloratus exhibited measurable TH values together with the ability to trigger characteristic morphological changes in ice crystals. Blood samples from the three species also evidenced ice recrystallization (IR) inhibition. This implies that AF(G)Ps or other antifreeze-like substances are present in temperate fish even under nonfreezing conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of the functions and origins of antifreeze activity in fish.

Effect of Dietary Composition with Different Feeding Regime on Compensatory Growth of Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

  • Cho, S.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.24 no.8
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    • pp.1148-1156
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    • 2011
  • Compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed different diets with different feeding regime was compared. Four hundred fifty fish (twenty five fish per tank) were randomly distributed into 18 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared: fish were hand-fed with the control (C) diet to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 8 weeks (C-8W treatment); and other groups of fish were starved for 2 weeks and then fed with the C, high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high lipid (HL), and combined protein, carbohydrate and lipid (CPCL) diets to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 6 weeks, referred to as C-6W, HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W, and CPCL-6W treatments, respectively. Final body weight of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in C-6W, but not different from that of fish in C-8W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Specific growth rate of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in all other treatments except for fish in CPCL-6W treatment. Feeding rate of fish in C-8W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments, but not different from that of fish in C-6W treatment. In addition, feeding rate of fish in C-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments were higher than those of fish in C-6W treatment. None of moisture, crude protein and ash content of the whole body of fish excluding the liver was different among treatments. Dietary supplementation of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and their combination could improve compensatory growth of fish when fish were fed for 6 weeks after 2-week feed deprivation; especially, supplementation of dietary protein was the most effective to improve compensatory growth of fish.

Effects of Dietary n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Growth and Biochemical Changes in the Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli II. Changes of Blood Chemistry and Properties of Liver Cells (사료의 n-3계 고도불포화지방산 함량에 따른 조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli의 성장 및 생화학적 변화 II. 혈액성분 변화 및 간세포 성상)

  • LEE Sang-Min;LEE Jong Yun;KANG Young Jin;HUR Sung Bum
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.107-123
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    • 1993
  • To define the effects of various levels $(0\~1.5\%)$ of dietary n-3HUFA on the physiological changes in the Korean rockfish, variations in blood variables and hepatocytes were studied. Biochemical serum analyses, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the liver cytosol and ATPase activity of the liver microsomal membrane were also studied. The haematological values (red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, MCV and MCH) were not significantly different in the experimental groups $(P\geq0.05)$. The total protein and glucose levels in the serum were affected by dietary n-3HUFA levels. These levels in groups fed n-3HUFA insufficient diets were significantly lower than those of n-3HUFA sufficient groups (P<0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetatic transaminase (GOT) showed significantly higher values in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets (P<0.05). The LDH in the serum was dropped with increasing dietary n-3HUFA levels, but the LDH activity of the liver cytosol was elevated. Histologically, the hepatic cell in the fish fed n-3HUFA free diet was abnormal and showed a necrotic condition. $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of the liver microsomal membrane were significantly lower in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets than in those fed n-3HUFA sufficient diets (p<0.005). These results suggested that the liver cell membrane was affected by dietary fatty acid compositions and cell membrane of the fish fed n-3HUFA insufficient diets showed abnormalities.

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The Use of Meat Meal as a Dietary Protein Source Replacing Fish Meal in Juvenile Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

  • Lee, Yong-Whan;Lee, Sang-Min
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2005
  • This study examined the partial replacement of the fish meal with meat meal in practical diets for juvenile rock-fish. Five isonitrogenous (48% CP) diets were prepared to contain meat meal at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% with substituting the mackerel meal in the control diet. Three replicate groups of fish (initial average weight, 4.1g) were hand-fed to visual satiety two times daily for 8 weeks. Survival (>93%) and daily feed intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. The best weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were obtained from fish fed the diets containing 0% and 10% meat meal, and were not significantly different (P>0.05) to those of fish 134 diet containing 20% meat meal. Condition factor, visceralsomatic index and hepatosomatic index were not influenced by dietary meat meal levels. The contents of crude protein and ash of whole body were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by dietary meat meal levels, whereas crude lipid content of fish fed the diets containing 30% and 40% was lower than that of fish fed the control diet. Proximate composition of liver was not influenced by dietary meat meal level (P>0.05). The data obtained in this study indicate that a diet containing $10{\sim}20%$ meat meal could be used for least-cost formulation in juvenile rockfish diet.

Evaluation of feed types based on growth performance, survival, hematology, and resistance in celebes rainbow (Marosantherina ladigesi)

  • Amrullah;Wahidah;Khusnul Khatimah;Ardiansyah;Eka Rosyida;Imam Taufik
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.26 no.10
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    • pp.583-592
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    • 2023
  • Celebes rainbow (Marosantherina ladigesi) is one of Indonesia's exported ornamental fish commodities, but the exploitation of this fish only relies on wild catches. The rise of unlimited fishing, especially those using poison, has changed the aquatic environment, threatening sustainability and causing fish extinction. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of several types of feed in improving the absolute growth rate (AGR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), hematology, and immune response of Celebes rainbow. The fish used in this study were male ornamental Celebes rainbow (M. ladigesi) weighing 1.32 ± 0.21 g/ind, reared in 54 L-aquariums at a stocking density of 30 individuals/aquarium for six weeks. The fish were fed according to the test diet consisting of live Tubifex sp worms, dry Tubifex sp worms, Spirulina platensis, and crumble pellets. The parameters observed were AGR, SGR, SR, FCR, FE, hematology, intestinal histology, liver histology, and a challenge test with the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that fish-fed live Tubifex sp worms had better AGR, SGR, SR, FCR, FE, hematology, and disease resistance compared to all other treatments. These results indicate that live Tubifex sp worms are the best feed for rearing Celebes rainbow.

Effects of Different Dietary Cadmium Levels on Growth and Tissue Cadmium Content in Juvenile Parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus

  • Okorie, Okorie E.;Bae, Jun Young;Lee, Jun-Ho;Lee, Seunghyung;Park, Gun-Hyun;Mohseni, Mahmoud;Bai, Sungchul C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 2014
  • This feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietary cadmium levels on growth and tissue cadmium content in juvenile parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus, using cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$) as the cadmium source. Fifteen fish averaging $5.5{\pm}0.06$ g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into each of twenty one rectangular fiber tanks of 30 L capacity. Each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of seven diets containing 0.30 ($C_0$), 21.0 ($C_{21}$), 40.7 ($C_{41}$), 83.5 ($C_{83}$), 162 ($C_{162}$), 1,387 ($C_{1,387}$) and 2,743 ($C_{2,743}$) mg cadmium/kg diet. At the end of sixteen weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed $C_{21}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{83}$, $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$ (p<0.05). Weight gain, SGR and FE of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$ and $C_{41}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$ and $C_{41}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Average survival of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$, $C_{41}$ and $C_{162}$ were significantly higher than that of fish fed $C_{2,743}$. Tissue cadmium concentrations increased with cadmium content of diets. Cadmium accumulated the most in liver, followed by gill and then muscle. Muscle, gill and liver cadmium concentrations of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$, $C_{41}$ and $C_{83}$ were significantly lower than those of fish fed $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Based on the ANOVA results of growth performance and tissue cadmium concentrations the safe dietary cadmium level could be lower than 40.7 mg Cd/kg diet while the toxic level could be higher than 162 mg Cd/kg diet.

Expression of a Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) in Red Seabream Pagrus major Infected with Longicollum pagrosomi (구두충(Longicollum pagrosomi)에 감염된 참돔(Pagrus major)의 Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) 발현)

  • Park, Hyung-Jun;Min, Byung-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2018
  • This study examined the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in red seabream Pagrus major infected by the, acanthocephalan parasites Longicollum pagrosomi. We cloned the full-length Hsp70 cDNA from the liver of the red seabream. The full-length cDNA had a 1,950 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a protein of 650 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Hsp70 contained all of the conserved Hsp70 family signature sequences and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding motif, including the EEVD (consensus sequence that terminates in Hsp70 family) consensus sequence. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was upregulated int the fish head-kidney and liver, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. We quantified the Hsp70 mRNA expression in normal red seabream and fish infected fish by L. pagrosomi. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly higher in the infected red seabream. These results suggest that Hsp70 play a role of protection against stress and inflammation caused by the parasite and may help maintain homeostasis.

Aluminum Inhibits Vitellogenin Production via Toxic Effects on Hepatocytes in the Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

  • Hwang, Un-Ki;Kang, Han-Seung;Lee, Yoon;Shon, Jae-Kyoung
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2011
  • Effects of aluminum (Al) on plasma vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile phosphorus (ALPP), calcium (Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), and hepatic Al concentration were examined in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$)-administered immature rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with $E_2$ (5 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and/or Al (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW) and plasma and liver samples were extracted 7 days later. After sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the relative amount of VTG was determined by integrated optical density. VTG accounted for 23.6% of the total proteins in the control group, but this value decreased with increasing Al administration. Al reduced the concentrations of ALPP and Ca in a concentration-dependent manner and significant reduction occurred at Al concentrations greater than 5 mg/kg. The concentration of GPT increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all Al-administered rockfish. The concentrations of Al in the liver also increased, and HSI was decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Al inhibits $E_2$-induced VTG production by being toxic to hepatocytes in marine fish.

First report of Aeromonas veronii infection in farmed Israeli carp Cyprinus carpio in Korea

  • Yu, Jin-Ha;Han, Jung-Jo;Kim, Hyoung-Jun;Kang, Sun-Gu;Park, Sung-Woo
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.165-176
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    • 2010
  • In May 2007, mass mortality of Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was occured on a pond farm located in Jeollabukdo Province, Korea. The mortality rates reached up to 2% of the total fish in the farm per day. Typical clinical signs were abdominal distension, reddish foci on the skin, enteritis, liver congestion and enlarged spleen and kidney. On the basis of biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence, the causative bacteria isolated from affected carp were identified as Aeromonas veronii. Histologically, degeneration of hepatocytes and congestion in sinusoids were observed in the liver. Spleen showed hemorrhage and the destruction of the sheathed tissues. In kidney, necrotized renal tubules and glomerular destructions were observed. Intestinal tissues revealed necrotized and severe hemorrhage. Mass hemorrhage was observed in muscles. This is the first report that A. veronii caused mortality in cultured Israeli carp in Korea.