• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.472-485
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze debt zeroing policy process of Yong-in city based on the Kingdon's Multiple Stream Framework in order to contribute to strengthening financial capacity and competitiveness of local governments. This study focused on the Yong-in case because the city had a local debt of about KRW 800 billion as of 2012, but it completed the debt repayment in early 2017. The results are as follows. First, policy problem streams are the perception of Yongin City's debt indicator, the failure of the LRT project, and the failure of sale of buildinglots of Yukbuk district. Second, in the political stream, there have been the election of new governors, cooperation of local administration and citizens like budget cut. Third, policy alternative streams are the reduction of large-scale investment projects, the expansion of revenues through the sale of idle shared properties, the increase of tax revenues, and the activation of light rail. As the each streams flowed independently, the window of policy change opened by the revitalization of the real estate market and the sale of buildinglots of Yukbuk distric and combined with other policy factors such as the activation of the light rail. In this process, the role of the policy entrepreneurs such as negotiation and persuasion of the related institutions influenced achieving tight fiscal policy. As a result of this policy output, Yongin City achieved zero debt. This study suggests that it is necessary not only the importance of the role of policy entrepreneurs but also of the administrative and citizen cooperation and the institutional complement such as a large scale of the investment review system.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-65
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• 2016

Knowledge plays a more important role in promoting entrepreneurship in the current information-led society than it did during the age of industrialization. Many recent studies found that entrepreneurship stimulates and generates innovation and economic growth. In response to the issues of long-term low growth, the Japanese government implemented several policies to encourage universities initiate entrepreneurial activities. This paper examines Japanese policies since 2014 that support universities in providing various programs for developing global entrepreneurs. Thirteen academic institutes were beneficiaries of three-year funding since the fiscal year of 2014. Each university designed its own educational programs according to their own contexts, built various forms of innovation ecosystems with domestic as well as international partner organizations, and offered entrepreneurship training courses or innovation workshops for companies to sustain its programs through broadening their funding bases. Due to the interdisciplinary nature and short history in operating the programs so far, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. However, each participating university accumulated knowledge and experience while carrying out their various programs, suggesting important new directions for policymakers and education program designers in facilitating entrepreneurship and innovation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 1992

The Canadian experience-universal government health insurance administeredby the ten provinces and two territories with some fiscal and policy variations-suggests the possibility of more effectve and efficient health care delivery system. The central purpose of the Canadian health in surance was to reduce and hopefully eliminate financial barriers to medical care. In this it succeeded. But it also produced varous kinds of unexpected side-effects on cost and quality. The Federal and Provincial Governments of Canada continue to exert theri efforts to ameliorate these problems. The lesson from Canada is that the health care revenue should be raised at the national level and managed at the regional level, and the regional healthcare financing organization has to take over the functions of the public health center. These alternatives is expected to make the Korean health care delivery system more efective and efficient, and to achieve health for all. This paper also discussed the policy agenda for implementing such alternatives in Korea.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.222-237
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• 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic crisis left developing countries with economic setbacks, it is high time to highlight that innovative technologies lead the digital economy. The big powers including the United States and China are already implementing industrial policies that involve large-scale fiscal expenditures to secure the lives and safety of their people. To prepare for the future up to 2025, this paper reflects opinions of industry-academia-research experts regarding changes in the external environment and industry trends. By reflecting results of focus group interviews and changes in the external environment and industry trends, a new high-level 5X strategy (Digital Transformation, Energy Transformation, Bio Health Transformation, Supply Chain Transformation, and Research Transformation) to solve national tasks required for the existing ten policy demand fields and ten agenda during lower-level policy implementation stages were derived.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the minimum wage policy and the employment labor force in Myanmar by exploring firms' actions such as installing supplementary machines to substitute for labor resources and by addressing gender issues in employment. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper applies a fixed-effect estimation method by using the World Bank's enterprise panel data set surveyed in Myanmar. Results: Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces both full-time and part-time employment, while the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. The adverse impacts are more pronounced for female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and enterprises located in the less-populated regions. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute for labor after the minimum wage policy implementation; as a result, full-time employment slightly decreases. Conclusions: Appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be prepared by the government and institutions related to the labor union to serve the well-being of employees. Government of Myanmar should fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year for both employers and employees to prevent possible issues and losses resulting from the minimum wage being set.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.119-147
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• 2012

This paper aims to explore whether the trilemma of welfare states has been a valid argument about the recent change of welfare states. Based on fuzzy-set ideal type analysis of data from seventeen OECD countries, it examines that welfare states have achieved three core policy objectives -income equality, employment growth and fiscal discipline- in the service economy during the period between 1981 and 2010. The evidence presented in this paper does not support the trilemma of the service economy where only two goals can be pursued successfully at one time, at a cost of the other remained goal. The trilemma has been effective only to the countries in liberal welfare regime where employment growth and fiscal discipline has been achieved at a cost of higher levels of income equality. However, conservative welfare-state regimes have experienced the deterioration of income equality and fiscal restraint after the mid 1980s and it seems that they have diverged into various models. In the countries of the social democratic welfare regime, the goals of equality and employment have been achieved simultaneously together with fiscal discipline since the early 2000s. While they are classified as the perfect model in the research, Southern European welfare states including Greece and Italy, classified as 'the crisis model', have not performed well in all the three aspects. On the evidence presented in this paper, it can be said that the trilemma of welfare states in the service economy is not effective to explain the policy goals of welfare state as well as the result of redistributive politics in the service economy.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

We achieved both industrialization and democratization during the shortest period in the world. We also achieved good performance in national health insurance: universal coverage, solidarity in financing, equitable access of health care. However, national health insurance system has faced the problem of sustainability: various expenditure and financing problems. The problem of sustainablity has two facets of economic sustainability and fiscal sustainability. Economic sustainability refers to growth in health spending as a proportion of gross domestic product(GDP). Rapid increasing rate of health spending exceeds the growth rate of domestic product. Growth in health spending is more likely to threaten other areas of economic activity. Concern on fiscal sustainability relates to revenue and expenditure on health care. Health care financing face demographic and technical obstacles. Democratic obstacle is aging problem. Technical obstacle is collection of contribution. Expenditure of health care has various problems in benefit structure and efficiency of health care system. In this article, I suggest several policy reforms to enhance sustainability: generating additional revenue from value added tax, changing method of levying contribution, increasing efficiency of health care system by introducing the competition principle. restructuring of benefit scheme of health insurance. contracting with health care institutions to provide health care services.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.3-19
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• 2019

Many countries have developed e-governments, but their current statuses differ by country, as demonstrated in the United Nations E-Government Survey. This study focuses on what factors cause these differences. Specifically, it analyzes economic and organizational factors, both of which have not yet been sufficiently considered. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, the results show that GDP growth and the days required to start a business are important factors, while fiscal balance does not appear to affect e-government development as much. In addition, the existence of allocated ministries or departments that belong to a president or prime minister are also important for e-government progression.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.555-569
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• 2020

This study examines the impact of corporate tax, a fiscal measure along with trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity for a panel of 153 industrial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 1997-2017. For empirical analysis, we employ the system generalized method of moment estimator. In the first step, we estimate industrial production function and the results reveal that raw material, industrial labour force and energy play vital role in enhancing industrial production. Whereas, industrial capital exerts negative impact on industrial output. We also measured total factor productivity using the production elasticities. In the second step, we examine the impact of corporate tax, trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity. The results indicate that higher level of corporate tax exerts negative impact on total factor productivity. The findings reveal that higher corporate taxation discourages industrial firms to undertake research and development thereby exerting adverse impact on total factor productivity of firms. The impact of trade liberalization proxied by average tariff is positive while customs duty and sales tax negatively impact firm-level total factor productivity. These findings provide useful insights for managers, investors and policy makers in Pakistan.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2005

In this paper I tried quantitative measures of the rent-seeking for budgetary allocations in Korean fisheries. There is a great deal of ignorance about the level of rent-seeking that takes place as a consequence of government expenditures and the potential for influencing their allocation, and so the attempt by Kats and Rosenberg(1989) to measure this in terms of the extent of annual changes in these allocations was a significant step forward. The opportunity to concentrate net public expenditure benefits within the fiscal function of the state gives rise to rent-seeking by special interest taxpayer-citizens through government budget allocations, special interest groups and coalitions of special interest groups. There are several important implications of budgetary rent-seeking. Budgetary rent-seeking is composed of 'income' and substitution effects, the budgetary 'income' effect is the general increase in government expenditures from one period to another. According to result of this analysis, average expenditures were 17.0% of total fisheries budget in 1966-2005. Therefore, distribution of fisheries budget should be converted by indirect support systems to reduce these rent-seeking behaviors.